Student Newsletter · Ubelaker, D.H. (eds.) Handbook of Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology (2nd edt.). pp: 126-139. New York: Routledge. By Salina Hisham Centre for Forensic Anthropology,

Issue 4 July — December 2016

Editors

Ms Samantha Rowbotham PhD Candidate, Monash University

Dr Soren Blau Forensic Anthropologist, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine

News & Updates Publications

Thesis Research Achievements

& Awards Field School

Opportunities

Osteology Quiz Forthcoming Conferences

Newsletter Student

Communications in Australia & New Zealand

Forensic Anthropology & Archaeology

News & Updates The Professionalisation of Forensic

Anthropology in Australia – A Brief Overview By Dr Soren Blau Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine ([email protected])

Over the past 30 years there has been

increasing interest in the discipline of

forensic anthropology in Australia

(Donlon 2008; Donlon 2016). Despite

this interest, there is confusion about

the qualifications and experience

required to gain the title “forensic

anthropologist” and practise as an

expert in the field. The aim of this

contribution is to disseminate to the

student community details about the

Forensic Anthropology Scientific

Working Group (FS SWG), which is

the professional body of forensic

anthropology practitioners endorsed

by the National Institute of Forensic

Science (NIFS).

In 2006 The Centre for Human

Identification (CHI) at the Victorian

Institute of Forensic Medicine (VIFM)

hosted a two day symposium for

forensic anthropologists, forensic

odontologists and forensic

entomologists. The aim of this

meeting was to bring together

practitioners from Australia and New

Zealand to discuss current techniques,

limitations and ways to improve

domestic casework practice and

information communication. This

cross disciplinary symposium formed

the basis for the development of the

Medical Sciences Specialist Advisory

Group (MS SAG).

Specialist Advisory Groups

(SAGs) were established under the

auspices of the Senior Managers of

the Australian and New Zealand

Forensic Laboratories (SMANZFL).

In 2016, the

management and

co-ordination of

the SAGs was

transferred to the

National Institute

of Forensic

Sciences (NIFS),

which is a

directorate within

the Australian and

New Zealand Policing Advisory

Agency (ANZPAA). NIFS has

reporting accountability to The

Australia New Zealand Forensic

Executive Committee (ANZFEC).

SAG disciplines include:

Biology

Chemical Criminalistics

Crime Scene & Ballistics

Documents

Electronic Evidence

Fingerprints

Illicit Drugs

Medical Sciences

Toxicology

The Medical Sciences

Specialist Advisory Group (MS SAG)

is made up of practitioners in the

fields of forensic anthropology,

forensic odontology, forensic

entomology, and mortuary managers.

These four disciplines were brought

together to form a single SAG because

there are a relatively small number of

practitioners in Australia and New

Zealand in each discipline. While

forensic anthropology, forensic

odontology, forensic entomology and

mortuary management are diverse

disciplines, practitioners often find

themselves working together to

investigate and manage discovered

remains. They all serve the Coronial

and greater justice system and are

often involved with Disaster Victim

Identification (DVI). Many of the

members of the MS SAG are also

Fellows of the Faculty of Science, The

Royal College of Pathologists of

Australasia (RCPA). This membership

highlights the importance of the

integration of the disciplines with the

work of forensic pathologists.

The Chair of the MS SAG is

elected by the group and holds the

position for no more than four years.

Each SAG has a Mentor whose role is

to provide support for the SAG Chair,

attend the SAG

meeting and

communicate

SAG outcomes to

the ANZPAA

NIFS Forum in

conjunction with

the Chair. The

Mentor of the MS

SAG is a forensic

pathologist.

While membership of the

majority of SAGs has representation

from each jurisdiction, membership of

the MS SAG represents the disciplines

(rather than the jurisdictions). As

outlined by the ANZPAA, each of the

four disciplines “should have at least

two representatives with total

membership to be limited to 12

people. However, each jurisdiction

should be represented on the SAG

where possible” (ANZPAA).

Organisations eligible for

representation at the MS SAG

meetings are detailed in the below

table.

All of the four disciplines in the

MS SAG have their own separate

Scientific Working Groups (SWGs),

each with an elected SWG Chair. The

MS SAG (and therefore the SWGs)

meet once a year to discuss:

current techniques

and their

limitations;

ways to improve

casework practice

and quality control;

the establishment

of regular training;

increased

cooperation

between and within

disciplines, and

promotion of services to

stakeholders (for example

police, coroners, lawyers

etc.).

Over the past 10 years the

Forensic Anthropology SWG has

developed and completed a number of

projects. The FA SWG has developed

National Guidelines for Forensic

Anthropology practitioners in

Australia which define the

qualifications and experience required

to practise as a forensic

anthropologist. According to the

Guidelines “a practising, professional

Forensic Anthropologist should have:

a) A relevant undergraduate

degree for example, a Science

degree majoring in human

anatomy or an Arts degree

majoring in anthropology and

archaeology and a PhD in

physical / biological anthropology

or human anatomy;

Victoria

Victoria Police Forensic Services

Department (VPFSD)

Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine (VIFM)

New South Wales

NSW Police

Forensic and Analytical Sciences Service

ACT Australian Federal Police (AFP)

Queensland Queensland Police Forensic Services

Northern Territory NT Police Forensic Services

Western Australia WA Police Forensic Services

South Australia

SA Police Forensic Services Branch

Forensic Science SA (FSSA)

Tasmania Tasmania Police Forensic Services

New Zealand New Zealand Police

“...the Forensic Anthropology

SWG has commenced

discussions about the need

for the development of a

mentoring / training program

for young / emerging

practitioners”

Forensic Anthropology & Archaeology Student Newsletter

Table: Organisations eligible for representation at the MS SAG meetings

(Image courtesy of D. Franklin)


b) Formal association with a

recognized ANZFEC approved

institute,

c) Current casework experience,

and

d) Publications in relevant peer

reviewed journals on the subject

of physical / biological/ forensic

anthropology are also desirable”.

The National Guidelines document

is currently being revised for a

second edition.

The Forensic Anthropology SWG

has also:

developed a Code of Ethics

for Australian forensic

anthropology practitioners;

completed a trial proficiency

testing (PT) as part of a

general Quality Assurance

Programme (QAP). Because

accessibility to appropriate

reference collections of

individuals of known age and

sex in Australia is

problematic, the trial was

undertaken using Computed

Tomography (CT) generated

images of skulls. The aims of

the PT were to examine the

concordance of practitioner

responses for the estimation of

sex and estimation of age and

in doing so, comment on the

suitability of CT images for

general anthropological

assessment. A poster

summarising this QAP was

presented at the 21st

International Symposium on

the Forensic Sciences (Blau et

al. 2012). The second stage of

the QAP is currently being

developed;

completed PT to examine the

concordance of practitioner

responses for estimation of the

biological profile (ancestry,

sex, age and height) of four

cases of skeletal remains of

known individuals;

completed a workshop to identify

a series of non-human bones using

actual cases of skeletal remains

which were originally handed into

police in the belief they were

human;

developed a roster of forensic

anthropologists which is

synchronised with the forensic

pathologist‟s roster for national

and overseas deployment;

examined new and emerging

technologies, specifically CT, and

the applications to forensic

anthropology. A workshop on CT

for anthropologists was held at

VIFM in April 2015. The

workshop consisted of a practical

demonstration of the VIFM

scanner, lectures, and

familiarisation with CT imaging

using case examples and

discussion;

worked with NIFS to develop a

secure web page for the

dissemination of confidential case

materials;

reviewed the role of forensic

anthropology in disaster victim

identification (DVI) and the

lessons learned following major

disasters such as the 2009

Victorian bushfires;

completed a workshop with the

forensic odontology SWG

examining terminology used when

providing age estimations;

discussed the effects of contextual

bias for forensic anthropology

practise;

undertaken case discussions

highlighting issues related to the

admissibility of evidence,

limitations of the discipline and

who can call themselves an

“expert”;

developed a curriculum for

forensic anthropology for the

RCPA Faculty of Science Trainee

Handbook;

worked with policing agencies to

improve the investigation of

unidentified human remains and

missing persons;

commenced the development of

Expert Evidence in Criminal

Trials Practice Directions for

forensic anthropology, and

commenced discussion about

accreditation for forensic

anthropologists.

While there are many students

interested in the study of the human

skeleton and the potential application

of this information in legal settings,

there are currently limited formal

courses offered in forensic

anthropology in Australia. This is

predominantly due to the limited job

opportunities to practise as a forensic

anthropologist (as defined by the

Forensic Anthropology SWG).

Nonetheless, the Forensic

Anthropology SWG has commenced

discussions about the need for the

development of a mentoring / training

program for young / emerging

practitioners.

Additional information about the

Medical Sciences SAG or the Forensic

Anthropology SWG can be obtained by

contacting the National Institute of

Forensic Science (NIFS): email -

[email protected].

References

ANZPAA.https://www.anzpaa.org.au.Article

Documents/514/Criteria%20for%20SAG%

20Meetings.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y (accessed

08/01/16).

Blau, S., Buck, A., Donlon, D., Simpson, E.,

and Wilson-Wilde. L. 2012. Forensic

anthropology in Australia: working towards

improved practice (Poster). 21st

International Symposium on the Forensic

Sciences. Hobart. 23-27th September.

Donlon, D. 2008. Forensic anthropology in

Australia: a brief history and review of

casework. In: Oxenham, M. (ed.). Forensic

Approaches to Death, Disaster and Abuse

pp: 97-110. Bowen Hills, Qld: Australian

Academic Press.

Donlon, D. 2016. The development and current

state of forensic anthropology: an

Australian perspective. In Blau, S. and

Ubelaker, D.H. (eds.) Handbook of

Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology

(2nd edt.). pp: 126-139. New York:

Routledge.

https://www.anzpaa.org.au/ArticleDocuments/514/Criteria%20for%20SAG%20Meetings.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y



By Salina Hisham Centre for Forensic Anthropology, The University of Western Australia ([email protected])


Australian and New Zealand Association of Clinical

Anatomists 2016 Students from Western Sydney University and

Melbourne University recently presented their

research at the Australian and New Zealand

Association of Clinical Anatomists conference. This

years conference was held at the Australian National

University Medical School in Canberra, Australia,

from the 7th to the 9th of December, and the theme

was “Artful Anatomy”.

Prasad KK. (POSTER). “Systematic review of

stature estimation in forensic anthropology”.

Gorski S. (PODIUM) “Paleopathologies of an

Ancient Egyptian mummy head investigated using

non-invasive imaging techniques”.

Volunteer Speaker for the World Biotech Tour 2016

The Centre for Forensic Anthropology

at The University of Western

Australia (UWA) participated in the

World Biotech Tour (WBT) in August

2016 at the Perth Science Festival.

The WBT is organised by the

Association of Science-Technology

Center and the Biogen Foundation. It

is an initiative that brings

biotechnology to life at select science

centres and museums worldwide to

increase public awareness of what

biotechnology is and, in this case, to

highlight scientific research

happening in Western Australia.

Students from UWA (myself

included) volunteered to showcase

forensic anthropology to 811 school

students from years 7 to 12 as part of

the „Scitech‟ segment of WBT.

Our involvement comprised a

15-minute presentation, by myself,

and a hands-on opportunity for

students to examine osteological casts.

My presentation covered forensic

science in general, forensic

anthropology specifically, my doctoral

research (“Malaysian standards for

forensic age estimation”), the use of

CT in forensic anthropology, and how

students can pursue this discipline at

the Centre for Forensic Anthropology

(UWA).

Osteological casts from our

centre were used for hands-on

demonstrations to show interested

students some of the morphological

traits a forensic anthropologist uses to

develop a biological profile from the

human skeleton. Age estimation was

shown using pubic symphysis and

sternal rib end casts, sexual

dimorphism was shown through

examination of skull and pelvic casts,

and ancestral origins were shown

using the skull casts.

Student evaluations showed that

the majority of those who attended

nearly all learnt something new as part

of the experience. I would like to

thank Tara Broadhurst and Lisa

Stojanovski from Scitech for this

opportunity; Assoc. Prof. Daniel

Franklin and Ms Ambika Flavel for

the content review, and Nur Intaniah

Ishak for her help during the

demonstration.

Jodi Caple, a

University of

Queensland

PhD Candidate,

recently

presented her research at the 8th International

Symposium of Clinical and Applied Anatomy in

Budapest, Hungary, from the 1st to the 3rd of

September.

Caple JM, Stephan CN. (PODIUM). “Photo-realistic

statistical exemplars of skulls: visualizing average

sex and ancestry in high-resolution for forensic

anthropology”.

International Symposium of Clinical and Applied

Anatomy 2016

“Students from UWA

(myself included)

volunteered to showcase

forensic anthropology to

811 school students...” Students examining osteological casts

(Photo courtesy of S.Hisham)

Salina presenting to the school students

(Photo courtesy of S.Hisham)

The 30th annual conference of the

Australasian Society for Human

Biology (ASHB) was held in the

Hunter Centre

at the

University of

Otago in

Dunedin, New

Zealand, from

the 4th – 8th

December,

2016. Over 50

ASHB members

attended the

conference,

presenting 40

podium and 10 poster papers on a

diverse range of research areas,

including forensic anthropology,

bioarchaeology, palaeoanthropology,

medical anthropology, histology and

primatology. A wide range of

geographic regions were represented

in the presentations, including

Australasia, North and South America,

Mainland and Island Southeast Asia

and Europe, and projects addressed

issues of human biology in modern,

historic and prehistoric contexts.

Days one and two of the

conference included both podium and

poster presentations, the Society‟s

Annual General Meeting, a field trip to

the WD Trotter Anatomy Museum

housed in the Department of Anatomy,

and the keynote address by ASHB‟s

2016 Keynote Speaker, Professor

Charlotte Roberts (Durham University,

UK). Professor Roberts‟ address

discussed the development and current

value of palaeopathology, and

emphasised the need for scientific co-

operation, multi-method,

interdisciplinary approaches to the

past, and community engagement. The

third day of the conference provided a

forum for a Big Ideas Workshop. This

was a networking and brainstorming

event hosted by the University of

Otago that explored the „Asia-Pacific

Biocultural Health: Past and Present‟

research theme. Day four of the

conference included additional podium

presentation sessions, the conference

closing remarks, and concluded with

the conference dinner.

Key themes emerging

throughout the

conference

were ASHB‟s

core belief of a

supportive and

constructive

conference and

research

environment,

as well as

community

engagement

and

consultation, social identity, modern

and prehistoric social inequalities in

health, issues in defining and linking

health and stress, and the paradoxical

nature of bioarchaeological „health‟

studies. The Big Ideas workshop

identified similar issues to those

arising during the ASHB sessions,

such as community engagement at all

stages of research, ethical interaction

and co-operation with Indigenous

peoples, and „giving back‟ to the

community.

The forensic anthropology

presentations in particular, covered a

range of topics, including:

biomechanical analyses of fracturing

caused by blunt force trauma; the

development of population specific

techniques for the estimation of age,

sex and stature; the development of

time since death intervals for forensic

cases, and

communication

networks in

disaster response teams.

The quality of

presentations at the

conference, and in particular

of the student podium presentations,

was extremely high. Congratulations

to biological anthropology PhD

candidates Caitlin Smith (University

of Auckland), Sarah Karstens

(University of Auckland) and Rebecca

Hendershott (Australian National

University), who were awarded first,

second and third prizes respectively in

the 2016 student presentation contest.

Thank you to all the

conference organisers and the ASHB

executive committee for such a

wonderful conference in Dunedin. We

all look forward to the next

conference, to be held in Ballarat,

Victoria, towards the end of 2017.

The Australasian Society for

Human Biology is a professional

organisation for those in the southern

hemisphere working in human

biology. A large proportion of the

society consists of friendly students.

For those wishing to learn more about

this society, its website can be found

via the following link: http://

school.anhb.uwa.edu.au/ashb/

index.html.

Overview of the 30th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Human Biology

By Stacey Ward

University of Otago ([email protected])

“Professor Roberts’ address

discussed the development and

current value of palaeopathology,

and emphasised the need for

scientific co-operation,

multi-method, interdisciplinary

approaches to the past, and

community engagement .”


This piece was adapted from a

report originally written for the

forthcoming 13th issue of the

Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia

and the Pacific Newsletter. To

find out more about this

newsletter, and how you can

contribute, please see the

following link: https://

seapbioarchaeol

gy.wordpress.com/ The ASHB conference venue

http://school.anhb.uwa.edu.au/ashb/index.html



https://seapbioarchaeology.wordpress.com/



‘Handbook of Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology’: A New Text By Felicity Gilbert Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Australian National University ([email protected])

Blau S, Ubelaker DH (eds.). 2016. Handbook of Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology. 2nd Edition. Routledge.


The second edition of the Handbook

of Forensic Anthropology and

Archaeology, edited by Dr Soren Blau

(Victorian Institute of Forensic

Medicine) and

Prof Douglas

Ubelaker

(Smithsonian

Institution),

brings together

contributions

from 79 experts

from around the

world to

provide a highly comprehensive and

up-to-date resource on the latest

developments and techniques used in

forensic anthropology and forensic

archaeology for both students and

practitioners. Of particular note, is the

significant number (15) of

contributions by Australians;

reflecting the important role being

played by practitioners and the

diversity of work and research

undertaken in the Australian region.

The Handbook is extensive

with 696 pages comprising 34

chapters, and is presented in five

sections: history of the disciplines,

forensic archaeology, forensic

anthropology, the crime and disaster

scene, and the professional forensic

archaeologist and anthropologist.

Almost all chapters from the first

edition have been revised and updated

and there have been four completely

new chapters added for this second

edition.

Part one, history of the

disciplines, details the historical

development and current state of

forensic anthropology and

archaeology from various regional

perspectives (12 countries; including

two completely new chapters

covering Columbia and

South Africa). The various

global perspectives display

the extensive

geographical

scope of the

discipline with

regards to: the diversity of case work,

the resources (primarily skeletal

collections) and training options

available, and the institutions in

which their

forensic

anthropologists/

archaeologists

are employed

and their

subsequent job

responsibilities.

Part two,

forensic

archaeology, details traditional and

new methodologies in the search,

excavation and recovery of human

remains as well as for use as potential

evidence in crime and disaster scenes.

This section highlights the importance

of forensic archaeology and

collaboration needed with other

disciplines within the forensic

sciences for crime and disaster scene

recovery operations.

Part three, forensic

anthropology, gives a highly detailed

and up-to-date overview of the

fundamental aspects of forensic

anthropology. Across fifteen chapters,

this section looks at the advantages

and disadvantages of using different

methodologies and techniques in

osteological analyses and offers

insights into possible advancements.

Part four, crime and disaster

scene, presents key case studies that

highlight the role of the forensic

anthropologist and forensic

archaeologist at crime or disaster

scenes. This section provides a stark

and sobering reminder of the practical

realities and difficulties facing

practitioners on the ground from

domestic homicides through to

disaster victim identification.

Concluding this section is an entirely

new and fascinating chapter on

investigations undertaken to identify

Australian and British WWI soldiers

excavated from mass graves in

Fromelles, France.

Part Five, the professional

forensic archaeologist and forensic

anthropologist, addresses topics

related to the logistical and ethical

necessities for professional practice in

these disciplines. This section

includes an insightful new chapter on

the work of the International

Commission on Missing Persons

(ICMP).

The wide-ranging, yet

comprehensive, scope of this

Handbook covers all aspects of


archaeology from the practical and

ethical aspects of the disciplines,

through to emphasising the

importance of methodological rigor

and validation of techniques, to the

need for collaboration between all

disciplines in the forensic sciences.

As such, the Handbook is essential

reading for students, practitioners and

those with a genuine interest in


archaeology. Copies of the book can

be purchased from any leading online

book store or from the publisher and

are approximately $70.00. Further

details can be found at https://

www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-

Forensic-Anthropology-and-

Archaeology/Blau-Ubelaker/p/

book/9781629583853.

“The wide-ranging, yet

comprehensive, scope of this

Handbook covers all aspects

of forensic anthropology and

archaeology…”


The excavation of St. John‟s Cemetery

on Back Road, Milton (Otago, New

Zealand), took place between the 28th of

November and the 16th of December

2016. The excavation of the cemetery

was preceded by a brief blessing by

Bishop Kelvin Wright on the 27th of

November, and closed with a blessing by

the local Vicar, Vivienne Galletly, on the

16th of December.

The primary objectives of this

excavation were, firstly, to determine the

parameters of the cemetery (which had

been in use from 1860 to 1929) and

whether there were graves outside of the

currently fenced area, and secondly, the

identification of individuals within the

inhumations.

The project had an Archaeological

Authority and a Disinterment licence

from the Ministry of Health. Both

licences required extensive community

consultation and the written permission

of the Church and Iwi.

Initial clearing was carried out

using a 13 ton digger to strip back large

areas of topsoil in order to identify grave

cuts. The same machine was then used to

excavate around each grave until the

level of the coffin was reached, after

which work continued by hand. The

initial area investigated was to the rear of

the existing cemetery fence, where it was

suspected that burials existed but there

was, as yet, no proof of their presence.

Excavation in this area identified 16

graves. One grave still had a grave stone

that had been broken, toppled and buried,

but the name of Henry Pim was still

legible (see photo). As the project

permissions were for unmarked and

unidentified burials,

this grave was not

further excavated, and

was left intact.

The project

uncovered a total of

29 grave cuts and

excavated 25 graves

to recover the remains

of 27 individuals (two of the infant/child

burials contained double burials). Three

of the grave cuts exposed after topsoil

removal were not excavated (due to time

restrictions) and Henry Pim‟s grave was

also left intact. Preliminary osteological

analyses (age and sex) of the 27

individuals showed 10 were infants, 4

were children (over 1 year of age and

less than 15 years), 1 was an adolescent/

young adult and 11 were adults. Of the

adults, sex was estimated as

unidentified for 2, female for 5 and

male for 5.

Many of the adult burials had

pressed iron coffin plates on the

coffin tops, and four of these were

still legible, allowing the confident

identification of the individuals. The

names of these people will be

released in due course, after

consultation with living descendants.

Other coffin furniture survived

reasonably well, allowing some

consideration of the funerary

traditions practiced at this cemetery in

the late nineteenth century. All of the

coffins were simply made from

timber nailed together, and most were

of the single-break form (i.e., wider

across the shoulders and narrower at

the head and feet). The exceptions to

this coffin form were, in general, the

smaller infant coffins, which were

straight-sided. Most of the coffins

were covered in black fabric, with

pressed metal (probably zinc)

decorative strips around the edge of

the lids and along the sides. As

already mentioned, pressed iron coffin

plates were attached to the lids of most

adults. Iron coffin handles were present

on the adult and some child coffins.

The skeletal remains that were

excavated are presently curated in the

Anthropology Laboratory in the Lindo

Ferguson Building at the University of

Otago. A programme of osteology,

isotope and DNA analyses of these

skeletal remains, led

by A/P Buckley, are

currently underway.

The DNA analyses

are being undertaken

by Prof. Lisa Matisoo

-Smith and may

include testing of

descendants of

individuals known to have been buried at

the cemetery. The artefactual material is

curated at the Southern Archaeology

Laboratory in Dunedin, and the analysis

of this material is being led by Dr

Petchey.

The locations of all identified

graves were marked with 2 inch square

posts prior to backfilling of the site, and

it is anticipated that the reinterment of

the skeletal and artefactual material will

be placed into the original grave

locations. There is no set timeline yet for

the reinterment of the remains, but it is

expected that this will occur in mid-

2017. The programme for this

excavation, and the final restoration of

the cemetery (which will include the

extended area identified by the

archaeological project), will be the

subject of discussion between the

Anglican Church, the Tokomairiro

Project 60 Group, A/P Buckley and Dr

Petchey.

A full excavation report and a

series of papers and other publications

will be undertaken in 2017.

Excavation Participants

Peter Petchey, Hallie Buckley, Baylee Smith,

Rebecca Kinaston, Alana Kelly, Caitlin

Hyde, Teina Tutaki, Eleanor Moore, Shar

Briden, Stacey Ward, Lori Bowers, Anna-

Claire Barker, Rebecca Adam, Naomi

Woods, Koreana Wesley-Evans, Sarah

McDonald, Gail Elliot, Kath Croy, Anna

Willis, Greg Hil, Jonny Gerber, Rachel

Wesley, Nyssa Mildwaters, Jenni Lane, Holly

Brinsdon, Jitlada Innanchai, Charlotte King,

Kate Domett.

St. John’s Cemetery, Back Road, Milton, New Zealand Preliminary Excavation Report, December 2016

By Dr Peter Petchey and A/Prof Hallie Buckley

University of Otago ([email protected]; [email protected])

“The project uncovered a

total of 29 grave cuts and

excavated 25 graves to

recover the remains of 27

individuals”

Henry Pim‟s headstone being held in place by Alana Kelly and

Teina Tutaki after it was found during topsoil stripping. Prior to

the discovery of this headstone there was no record of Henry Pim

having been buried in this cemetery. (Photo courtesy of A/P

H.Buckley)

Interview with Dr Ellie Simpson State Forensic Anthropologist for South Australia

What first sparked your interest in forensic anthropology?

I was attending a lecture at the University of Adelaide where the principles of developing a biological profile were

presented. I was fascinated with the concept that individual details of a person could be ascertained by examining

their skeletal remains.

What qualifications did you require?

Academic – After majoring in Human Anatomy and Psychology for a Bachelor of Science, I undertook Honours in Biological

Pathology and then completed a PhD in Medicine (Biological Anthropology). I also hold a restricted Radiography license, to enable

me to take x-rays of deceased persons/skeletal remains, and a Safe Entry to a Confined Space certificate.

Practical – None specified, however I had previous employment/experience with working in a forensic mortuary, human anatomical

laboratory, and bone histomorphometry laboratory. My forensic training was achieved through informal mentoring from forensic

pathologists and other scientists at FSSA, and attending interstate and international courses as professional development activities.

How long have you been with Forensic Science SA and how did you come to take on the role?

I have been employed at Forensic Science SA since 2002. I was employed under the Graduate program offered by the State

Government during that period. I had nearly completed my PhD when the position became available, and was able to complete my

PhD studies part-time after commencing at FSSA.

What different areas of the discipline has your work involved?

As the sole forensic anthropologist for SA, I receive a wide variety of casework

from all areas of the state. This has involved triage/identification of skeletal remains

found by the public during day-to-day activities (gardening, building, recreation

etc); searching for remains of missing people with SA Police; assisting with

identification and examination of remains of recently deceased (Coronial

investigations); examination of in situ remains of archaeological burials; and

Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) (local, interstate and international).

Outside of direct casework, I am a member of the FSSA and SA DVI committees.

Top career highlights…

In no particular order:

Contributing to the identification of missing people / unknown human

remains.

Deployment to assist with the recovery and examination of remains

following the Black Saturday Bushfires, Victoria, in 2009.

Achieving and maintaining National Association of Testing Authorities

(NATA) accreditation for FSSA in the category of Skeletal Examinations

since 2011.

Involvement in the establishment and ongoing development of the Forensic

Anthropology SWG.

Becoming a Founding Fellow in the Faculty of Science, Royal College of

Pathologists of Australasia, in the Forensic Anthropology discipline.

What has been the most rewarding and challenging aspect of the job?

Rewarding and challenging – as the first forensic anthropologist employed in this position in South Australia, I have had to develop

professional networks/relationships with individuals and organisations both within and outside government. The challenge was to show

that I had skills and expertise to assist with cases, and break through some barriers or perceptions in whether these were required. The

rewards are that I am now contacted early and consulted for possible approaches or advice by these same organisations, as I have shown

that I can add value to many investigations.

Best piece of advice for those seeking a career in the discipline…

Love the science for its own sake. By narrowing your focus too early on a purely forensic career, you may end up disappointed as there are

not many full time jobs in the field. However if you love the science, you will find opportunities where you can provide expertise.

Occupation: Forensic Anthropologist Employer: Forensic Science SA (FSSA) Years of experience in the discipline: 15


Dr Ellie Simpson excavating human skeletal remains

(Photo courtesy of Dr E.Simpson)

By Samantha Rowbotham and Felicity Gilbert Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University ([email protected])

Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Australian National University ([email protected])

The 23rd Australian and New Zealand Forensic Science Society Symposium: An Overview

The 23rd biennial symposium of the

Australian and New Zealand Forensic

Science Society was held at SkyCity

in Auckland, New Zealand, from the

18th to the 22nd of

September. The

symposium

welcomed over

800 delegates

from 33

countries to

present and

discuss research

and practice in

all aspects of

forensic science

(including

anthropology and archaeology,

pathology and forensic medicine,

toxicology and pharmacology,

fingerprints, documents, wildlife,

crime scene investigation and many

more). Over the four days of scientific

sessions we had the opportunity to

attend 383 podium papers, view 192

poster papers and hear from 9

plenaries.

The conference theme of

„Together InForming Justice‟ was

strongly interwoven across the

conference presentations, and

particularly in the plenary

presentations, with many scientists

discussing how the forensic sciences

need to become interdisciplinary in

order to advance as a discipline and,

more importantly, ensure credibility

of the science for the courts. This

theme was particularly strong in

Dame Professor Sue Blacks (Dunedin

University) plenary address. She

discussed forensic science as being in

a state of „survival of the fittest‟ and

that it is essential for all disciplines

within forensic science to evolve and

adapt, by becoming collaborative and

interdisciplinary, if we are to ensure

we produce the most robust and high-

quality research to inform practice.

This concept certainly gave many of

us pause for thought on how we, both

as individuals and as a sub-discipline

(forensic anthropology/

archaeology) can further collaborate

with each other and with the broader

forensic science community, to ensure

the sub-discipline continues to evolve

and provide the

quality research

needed to inform

practice and

subsequently the

courts.

The

diversity in

scientific sessions

was a great

opportunity for

those of us in

anthropology/

archaeology to learn about current

advancements in a variety of related

sub-disciplines (e.g., odontology,

crime scene recovery and pathology),

but also improve our knowledge in

areas of the forensic sciences we were

not particularly knowledgeable on

(e.g. electronic and digital evidence).

The anthropology and archaeology

sessions occupied a full day of the

symposium, with talks from

practitioners, academics and students

detailing, primarily, advancements in

the discipline in Australia. These talks

(and posters) covered: advancements

in establishing the post-mortem

interval, the „AFTER‟ facility and

various projects they have underway

(e.g. the detection of mass graves), the

use of 3D models, advancements in

the use of osteological traits to

establish a biological profile and

identification, skeletal trauma,

osteological indicators of child abuse,

the importance of accounting for bias,

and more. A particular congratulations

to Sherry Nakhaeizadeh (University

College London) who was awarded

the best podium presentation, Prof

Shari Forbes (University of

Technology Sydney) who was

awarded the highly commended

podium presentation and Stephanie

Marhoff (PhD Candidate , University

of Western Sydney) who was awarded

the best poster presentation, in the

Anthropology and Archaeology

section.

For many of the anthropologists

and archaeologists, the symposium

was a great opportunity to share their

research and broaden their

professional networks (particularly

during some of the society events

such as the night at the Aviation Hall

of the Museum of Transport and

Technology and the Gala Dinner).

Certainly the symposium was an

opportunity for many of us to begin

discussing how we can work together

through collaborations to further

advance the discipline and ultimately,

inform the courts.

The ANZFSS is very

supportive of student research and

students are welcome to join the

society (http://anzfss.org). Students

are encouraged to attend and present

their research at the next Symposium,

to be held in Perth, Western Australia,

from the 9th to 13th of September 2018

(http://www.anzfss2018.com).

“For many of the

anthropologists and

archaeologists, the

symposium was a great

opportunity to share their

research and broaden their

professional networks.”


Top: Dame Prof Sue Black‟s plenary address, Bottom: poster session (left) and night at the Aviation Hall (right)

http://anzfss.org

http://www.anzfss2018.com

Publications

HONOURS

Name: Nicholas Dempsey

Affiliation: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Australian National University

Degree: Bachelor of Arts (Honours)

Supervisors: Prof Marc Oxenham

Status: Completed (submitted November 2016) Title: Biomechanical analysis of fracturing in fleshed sheep (Ovis aries) tibiae induced by controlled blunt force trauma

Upcoming AAFS Meeting

Thesis Research


PhD students Lauren Swift (UWA),

Jacqueline Noble (UWA), Jodi

Caple (UQ) and Samantha

Rowbotham (Monash) will be

attending the 69th American

Academy of Forensic Sciences

meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana,

in February 2017 to present their

research.

The analysis and interpretation of skeletal injuries caused by blunt

force trauma (BFT) is a key aspect of forensic anthropology and

bioarchaeology analyses when reconstructing an individual‟s

osteological profile and the circumstances surrounding their

death. The manner in which bone fractures in response to BFT is

a complex, multiphasic process that involves the interactions

between mechanical force, skin and the musculo-skeletal system.

To further improve our understanding of how bone fractures

under mechanical force, this study investigated whether a

quantifiable relationship was discernible between force and

specific fracture outcomes (maximum fracture length, total

fragment count and total anterior/posterior radiating fracture

lines), and how anatomical factors influenced those outcomes.

To achieve these aims, this study conducted

biomechanical experiments using

(n=30) fleshed sheep tibiae (Ovis

aries) and three conditions of force

(90 Newtons, 112 Newtons and 135

Newtons). For each condition of

force, specimens (n=10) were

subjected to a single controlled

mechanical impact to explore these

fracture outcomes. The inclusion of

soft tissue (i.e. fleshed bones) in

the experiments was to closely

simulate actual conditions where skin and muscle will absorb and

dissipate applied forces, thus influencing fracturing of the tibial

diaphysis.

Results from the study indicate that a significant

relationship exists between force and fracture length with respect

to 90N and 112N force outcomes, however there was little change

between 112N and 135N. No significant relationship was

discernible between the level of force and the outcome variables

of total fragment count and total anterior/posterior radiating

fracture lines.

These preliminary results suggest there is potential for

further analysis of bone fracture behaviour under mechanical

force with consideration to a broader suite of soft tissue and

skeletal variables. Results from this study may inform current

methods in forensic anthropology trauma analysis and may have

additional implications for bioarchaeological research.

The „typical‟ patterns from the three force conditions

(Photo courtesy of N.Dempsey)

The impact ring

(Photo courtesy of N.Dempsey)

Caple J, Stephan CN. 2016. Photo-realistic statistical skull

morphotypes: new exemplars for ancestry and sex estimation in

forensic anthropology. Journal of Forensic Sciences.

DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.13314.

Humphrey C, Kumaratilake J. 2016. Ballistics and anatomical

modelling–a review. Legal Medicine 23: 21-29.

Rowbotham SK. 2016. Anthropological estimation of sex. In:

Blau S, Ubelaker DH (eds.),

Handbook of Forensic

Anthropology and Archaeology

(2nd ed). Chapter 19, pp. 261-

272. Routledge: New York.

MASTERS Name: Madelen Chikhani

Affiliation: School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University

Degree: Master of Research

Supervisors: Dr Hayley Green

Status: Late stages

Title: Estimation of post-mortem interval from skeletonised remains using Raman spectroscopy

Name: Natasha Langley

Affiliation: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Australian National University

Degree: Master of Archaeological Science (Advanced) (Forensic Archaeology and Paleopathology Specialisation)

Supervisors: Dr Justyna Miszkiewicz

Status: Completed (November 2016) Title: The effects of experimental burning on Sus scrofa dental enamel in a forensic and archaeological context


The calculation of the time since death (post-mortem interval,

PMI) is an integral element in the forensic examination process

of human remains, as it may provide significant information

pertaining to the circumstances surrounding an individual‟s

death. Traditionally, PMI calculation studies have focussed on

soft tissue changes and insect activity during decomposition,

rather than changes to the skeletal elements. More recently

however, this research in using bone to calculate PMI has begun

to gain popularity. This is primarily attributed to bones being

more likely to preserve during decomposition compared with

other biological tissues, making their examination, and the

information obtained, invaluable to forensic investigations.

Although little research concerned with PMI estimations

from skeletonised remains has been conducted in Australia to

date, several PMI studies have been undertaken internationally

and researchers have highlighted the potential use of Raman

spectroscopy in the calculation of PMI from skeletal remains.

Preliminary evidence in the literature shows that Raman spectral

patterns of skeletonised remains correlate to PMI. Research

shows a decrease in organic Raman bands, specifically bands

associated with collagen (amide I and III), with increasing PMI.

This is due to the loss of collagen from bone through chemical

breakdown and collagenase activity of bacteria upon introduction

to soil.

Subsequently, it is the intention of this study to develop a

new method for PMI calculation from skeletonised remains

specific to the Australian environment to further improve our

understanding of time since death. This study will characterise

the Raman spectral patterns of 24 bones collected from 8

skeletonised pigs with known PMI ranging from approximately 6

months to 2.5 years, found in thick bushland in the Hawkesbury

region of New South Wales. The study utilises the benchtop

Bruker Ramanscope III Senterra Raman (785nm) and Bruker

Vertex70 RamII (1064nm) and the portable EZRaman-NP-785

Analyzer (785nm). It is anticipated that results of this study will

improve our estimation of the PMI calculation from skeletonised

remains and will assess the validity of benchtop and portable

Raman spectroscopy as a viable technique for PMI calculation

from skeletonised remains.

Raman spectra from long bone (A-C),

PMI in years A 2.5, B 1.5, C 1

(Image courtesy of M.Chikhani)

Understanding the effects of burning on dentition (in particular

dental enamel) is important in forensic and bioarchaeological

contexts where recovered burned dentition may be used to:

reconstruct the events surrounding an individual‟s death;

differentiate peri- and post-mortem injuries;

assist with developing a biological profile

(particularly age-at-death) and pathological

conditions, and reveal insights into mortuary

practices. The current literature detailing

specific burning temperatures and their

associated effects on tooth enamel however,

are based on a small number of studies with

wide-ranging experimental designs and so are

limited resources for forensic anthropologists

and/or biological archaeologists.

Subsequently, further research into the effects

of burning on dental enamel is needed. To

begin augmenting this deficit, this study

sought to determine a temperature point at

which tooth enamel no longer displays outer incremental lines

(perikymata), which can be used in ageing skeletal remains, and

whether a controlled increase in burning temperature has an

associated inverse effect on the weight of dentition.

Eighteen samples of molars were extracted from

archaeological specimens (unknown provenance) of Sus scrofa

(domestic pig). These molars were burnt in a furnace with a

starting temperature of 410 degree Celsius (°C), and rose in 20°C

increments up to 750°C. At each 20oC increment, the effects of fire

on the tooth were recorded by weight

measurement, and microscopic and

macroscopic analysis. The Wilcoxon Signed

Rank Test and Spearman‟s Rank Order

Correlation Test showed there was a

statistically significant loss in the weight of all

samples after burning, however there was no

statistically significant correlation between the

percentage of weight loss and specific

temperature at which the sample was burnt. It

is proposed that burnt dental tissues begin

structural disintegration internally at

approximately 600°C, but retain external

structure until approximately 710°C.

These results provide a preliminary

model for further experimental research that should utilise human

dentition. It is suggested a combined examination of qualitative

and quantitative approaches should be taken in order to better

assist with inferring the circumstances of burning of remains from

archaeological or forensic contexts.

The effects of burning on teeth at a temperature of 510oC

as seen in sample T6 (Photo courtesy of N.Langley)

Skeletonised pig remains on soil surface

(Photographed by S.Marhoff;

Photo courtesy of M.Chikhani)

Name: Jessica Thomson

Affiliation: Centre for Forensic Anatomy and Biological Sciences, School of Anatomy, Physiology and

Human Biology, University of Western Australia

Degree: Masters of Forensic Science (Research)

Supervisors: Assoc/Prof Daniel Franklin (principal), Ambika Flavel (co-supervisor), Asst/Prof Alexandra Suvorova

(co-supervisor), Brendan Kelly (external supervisor), and Andrew Duckworth (external supervisor)

Status: Early stages (commenced 2016)

Title: A preliminary forensic investigation of thermal patterning in bone

Name: Kajaal Karan Prasad

Affiliation: School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University

Degree: Master of Research (Anatomy)

Supervisors: Dr Manisha Dayal

Status: Early stages (commenced June 2016) Title: Systematic review of stature estimation in forensic anthropology


Stature is one of the four essential biological traits anthropologists

use to assist with the identification of deceased individuals.

Methods for recording stature estimation comprise the use of

anatomical landmarks and mathematical equations that are,

primarily, established for a specific population (the population

from which the calculations were derived). As these equations are

generally population specific, they provide great limitations to the

application of these methods to the modern Australian population

(which comprises a variety of ancestral groups). Currently, there

are only a handful of equations that can be applied to multicultural

populations like Australia and, as such, further research that will

provide forensic anthropologist with equations that are non-

population specific, are required to assist in stature estimation for

multicultural populations. The aim of this study is thus to review

literature systematically in the last 10 years to evaluate whether

any regression formulae can be used on multicultural populations.

Articles were extracted from MEDLINE and PubMed.

Inclusion criteria consisted of articles that discussed the use of

various components of the human body along-side the use of

mathematical methods to estimate stature. Exclusion criteria

included: studies focusing on stature estimation of children,

studies that consisted of less than 10 individuals, non-English

written studies and studies where stature estimation included

individuals with specific physical impairments. Articles that were

not relevant on review of the title and abstract were removed.

There were 70 articles found appropriate for inclusion in this

systematic review.

Majority of the studies included equations that were

population specific. Skeletal elements used to estimate stature

were grouped into: upper limb (including handprints), lower

limb (including footprints), axial

skeleton (sternum & vertebrae),

appendicular skeleton and facial

skeleton. A number of univariate

and multivariate regression

equations were included in each

of the articles that could be used

in multicultural populations.

Once sufficient data has

been collected through the

systematic review of stature

estimation studies conducted in

previous years, they will be

applied to the modern Australian

population to test whether

population specific regression

equations are necessary. Maximum length of the human femur

(Photo courtesy of K.Prasad)

In recent decades, there has been an increase in research into

burned human bone and the complex transformations that the

skeleton undergoes when exposed to heat. This increase in

research may be in part attributed to the variety of circumstances

that may result in burned human remains (e.g. mass casualty

analysis, archaeological cremated remains and forensic casework)

and the variety of disciplines that are involved in their

examination (e.g. archaeology, anthropology and pathology).

In situations where a body is exposed to heat, soft tissues

can be broken down in as little as 60 to 90 minutes, thus often

leaving only the skeletal remains as a source of forensic/

archaeological evidence (Fairgrieve 2007). As such, an

understanding of the thermal modifications to hard tissues is an

essential area of study within the forensic sciences, as it can

provide information regarding the biological profile, condition of

the body prior to burning, and an understanding of fire behaviour

(i.e., intensity and temperature).

Prior research into the thermal changes of bone have

involved examining macroscopic and/or microscopic alterations

that are referred to as secondary-level and primary-level changes

respectively. Studies of primary-level changes are a new focus

within the field, emerging with the development of microscopic

technology. These studies focus on changes in trace element

composition, alteration to bone structure on a microscopic level

and DNA analysis. Secondary-level changes largely involve

shrinkage rates in bone exposed to heat, fracture pattern analysis

and quantification of colour change.

This project aims to investigate changes in bone surface

morphology and colour in Western Grey Kangaroo (Macropus

fuliginosus) long bones (n=54) at temperatures from 200ºC to

1200ºC, for time periods of 30 mins, 60 mins and 90 mins. High-

resolution photography will be taken of all specimens to facilitate

analyses of secondary-level colour change. Additionally, the

samples will be analysed using scanning electron microscopy

(SEM) to quantify microscopic changes in the bones surface

structure and osteon size. Results of this research will facilitate the

development of a standardised model for the estimation of time

and temperature exposure of burned bone through the

quantification of macroscopic colour change and microscopic

surface alteration.

Fairgrieve, S.I., Forensic Cremation Recovery and Analysis. 2007,

Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Achievements & Awards

Name: Lauren Swift

Affiliation: Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology,

University of Western Australia

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Supervisors: Assoc/Prof Daniel Franklin, E/Prof Charles Oxnard and Dr Kevin Murray

Status: First year candidature (commenced November 2016) Title: Forensic anthropological inter population studies: an analysis of Australian skeletal variation

DOCTORATES


Congratulations to Jodi

Caple (University of

Queensland) who has

been awarded the Ellis

R. Kerley Forensic

Sciences International

Outreach Travel Award

($1500 USD), and

conference registration,

to attend the American

Academy of Forensic Sciences meeting in 2017.

Congratulations to Stacey Gorski (University of

Melbourne) who was awarded the Anthropological

Association of Victoria‟s alpha student presentation

prize ($500) for her master‟s research on the

paleopathologies of an

Ancient Egyptian

mummified head. Stacey

was also recently awarded

a grant-in-aid from the

Near Eastern Archaeology

Foundation (NEAF) to

assist with this research.

The accuracy and validity of forensic anthropological estimations

of a biological profile (that is, an estimation of age-at-death,

sex, stature and ancestry), require skeletal standards that

accurately reflect the

contemporary population

being investigated. The use

of standards created from

geographically or temporally

removed populations result

in higher error rates

and misidentification as

intrinsic (e.g. hormones) and

extrinsic (e.g. nutrition)

factors influence skeletal

development size and shape

within populations. Therefore, the most accurate anthropological

standards should be derived specifically from the population the

individual was from.

Currently, there is a lack of population specific standards

for Australia. Therefore the primary aim of this doctoral research

will be to investigate skeletal (cranial and pelvic) variation of the

Australian population, by investigating each state and territory, in

the hopes of creating age and

sex based Australian

standards.

Through the analysis

of multi-slice computed

tomography scans of the

cranium and pelvis, this

project aims to produce

population specific standards

for age and sex that reflect

each of the eight states and

territories of Australia. In

doing so, the current project aims to provide population specific

references for age and sex, as well as determine if Australia can

be considered one population, anthropologically, or if each state

and territory constitutes a unique population.

Volume rendered anterior view of the pelvis and skull.

(Image courtesy of the Centre for Forensic Anthropology, UWA)


Field School Opportunities

The University of New Brunswick, in

collaboration with Parks Canada, will begin

excavating the 18th century cemetery at the

Fortress of Louisbourg in Nova Scotia this

July-August. The field school will run for

fours weeks under the direction of

bioarchaeologist Dr Amy Scott.

Further details can be found at http://

unb.ca/cel/programs/undergraduate/

archaeology/, or the field school facebook

page (@ UNB Bioarchaeology Field

School). Students interested in applying are

encouraged to contact Dr Scott (see email

address on the poster) for details regarding

the application process.

(Poster and photos courtesy of Dr A.Scott)

The Slavia Foundation and Adam

Mickiewicz University will be running

their 19th mortuary archaeology field

school at two locations in Poland

(Drawsko and Giecz) this coming July -

August. The program has two sessions

(June – July and July - August) with each

running for three weeks. Further details

of the field school can be found at

www.slavia.org or through contacting Dr

Marek Polcyn (Slavia Project Co-

ordinator) directly at

[email protected].

(Poster and photos courtesy of Dr M.Polcyn)

Left: recovered human skeletal remains.

Right: students mapping a burial

Left: Dr Scott with a

student, Centre: For-

tress of Louisbourg,

Right: Cranial vault

http://unb.ca/cel/programs/undergraduate/archaeology/



Osteology Quiz - What is This?


Are the changes to the right tarsals of this individual the result of trauma or pathology?

Please justify your conclusion.

(We would like to thank Kristy Winter (QUT student) for the suggestion to include this interactive question section of FAASN)

(If you have an interesting skeletal anomaly/pathology/trauma from an archaeological or forensic case and would like to showcase that as

the FAASN-5 „osteology quiz‟, please contact [email protected])

(Image © of VIFM)

(Image © of VIFM)

NB: These three images are the copyright of the Victorian Institute

of Forensic Medicine (VIFM) and as such are not to be used for

professional or personal purposes (including social media).

CT volume rendered image of the right foot (medial view). HINT: this is the anatomical position.

CT axial view of the right foot

(Image © of VIFM)

CT sagittal view of the right foot

Please submit your response to [email protected].

Responses will be published (de-identified) in Issue 5 of FAASN along with the correct answer.

We look forward to hearing your thoughts and initiating a dialogue about this skeletal trauma/pathology.

Contact: For any enquires please contact

[email protected]

/ [email protected]

Image Disclaimer

All photographs and images used in

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hunter-centre/ https://www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-Forensic-

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book/9781629583853 http://anzfss.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/

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quarter-with-balcony/

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Our sincere thanks to all contributors of this fourth issue. Without your support and involvement this newsletter would not be possible.

We welcome comments / feedback and encourage students at all stages of research to consider contributing to future issues.

The 17th biennial meeting of the International Association of

Craniofacial Identification (IACI)

will be hosted by the University of

Queensland‟s School of Biomedical

Sciences and the Laboratory for

Human Craniofacial and Skeletal

Identification. The meetings will

run from the 15th to 19th of July

2017. Workshops will provide

participants with hands on

experience in head dissection and

Gerasimov‟s authentic plastic facial

reconstruction methods (lead by

Herbert Ullrich,

Medizinhistorisches Museum der

Charite, Humboldt-Universitat zu

Berlin). More details to follow at

http://www.iaci2017.com.au/.

2017

International Association of Craniofacial

Identification

(Image courtesy of Dr C.Stephan)

Forthcoming Conferences

https://www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-Forensic-Anthropology-and-Archaeology/Blau-Ubelaker/p/book/9781629583853



http://www.iaci2017.com.au/