GEOGRAPHYWritten examination

Friday 13 November 2009 Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes) Writing time: 12.00 noon to 2.00 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookNumber of questions

Number of questions to be answered

Number of marks

5 5 60

• Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners, rulers, coloured water-based pens and markers.

• Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape.

• No calculator is allowed in this examination.

Materials supplied• Question and answer book of 11 pages.• A data book.

Instructions• Write your student number in the space provided above on this page.

• All written responses must be in English.

At the end of the examination• You may keep the data book.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2009

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE

Figures

Words

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

Victorian Certificate of Education 2009

2009 GEOG EXAM 2

This page is blank

3 2009 GEOG EXAM

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Question 1

Use Figure 1 on pages 2 and 3 of the data book when responding to Question 1.

a. Name one region of Australia with a population density of more than 10 per square kilometre that was likely to be adversely affected by the 2006 rainfall.

1 mark

b. ‘Victoria and New South Wales were likely to be under considerable pressure from water shortages due to the amount of rainfall received in 2006.’

Provide one piece of evidence supporting this statement.

2 marks

c. Justify one piece of additional information, not shown in Figure 1, that you would need to support your answer to part b.

1 mark

Total 4 marks

InstructionsAnswer all questions in the spaces provided. Refer to the data book as indicated.

2009 GEOG EXAM 4

Question 2 – continued

Question 2There are many conflicts over the use of water in the Murray-Darling Basin region. Your answers to the following questions must relate to one specific conflict within the Murray-Darling Basin region.a. On the map below, accurately locate and name the water resource involved in your chosen conflict.

200 km0

N

Murray-Darling Basin region boundaryRiver, permanentRiver, intermittent

Key

2 marks

b. Outline the conflict over the use of water at the location you have mapped above.

2 marks

5 2009 GEOG EXAM

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c. Describe the viewpoints of two groups or organisations involved in your chosen conflict.

4 marks

d. Discuss a strategy that has been developed to manage your chosen conflict.

4 marks

e. Evaluate the sustainability, or likely sustainability, of the water resource identified in part a. as a result of the implementation of the management strategy discussed in part d.

4 marksTotal 16 marks

2009 GEOG EXAM 6

Question 3 – continued

Question 3Use Figure 2 on pages 4 and 5 of the data book when responding to Question 3.

Identify a local resource for which you have collected data in the field.

a. Paradise Beach could be classified as a high-density seasonal recreational resource. In what way is a classification of your local resource similar or different to Paradise Beach?

2 marks

b. Spatial interaction describes the strengths of the relationships between phenomena and places in the environment, and the degree to which they influence or interact with each other over space.

Explain how an example of spatial interaction operates within the region of your local resource.

2 marks

7 2009 GEOG EXAM

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c. Below is a sketch outline of Figure 2c that appears on page 5 of the data book. Annotate the sketch outline to show how an example of spatial interaction could operate in the Paradise Beach local area.

2 marks

d. On the sketch outline of Figure 2c above, annotate and describe an example of management of the local resource of Paradise Beach.

2 marks

e. Identify and justify a management strategy that has operated successfully within your local resource.

2 marks

Total 10 marks

2009 GEOG EXAM 8

Question 4 – continued

Question 4

Use Figure 3 on pages 6 and 7 of the data book when responding to Question 4.

a. Identify and quantify one similarity between the 1984 global distribution pattern of birth rates and the 2009 distribution of birth rates.

2 marks

b. Identify and quantify one difference between the 1984 global distribution pattern of birth rates and the 2009 distribution of birth rates.

2 marks

c. i. Which of the age-sex structures, A, B or C, best fits a falling birth rate for the period illustrated by the two maps?

ii. Give a reason for your choice.

1 + 2 = 3 marks

9 2009 GEOG EXAM

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d. Describe two reasons why the birth rate for a national population can vary.

Reason one

Reason two

4 marks

e. Name a country you have studied. __________________________________ In relation to this country, discuss i. an impact of changing birth rates on either people or the environment

ii. the response of the relevant national government to this impact.

2 + 2 = 4 marks

Total 15 marks

2009 GEOG EXAM 10

Question 5 – continued

Question 5a. i. Use the outline map provided below to map the distribution of a global phenomenon you have studied.

Do not use the phenomenon of human population. ii. On your map, mark the location of one place in the northern hemisphere and one place in the southern

hemisphere. These places must be relevant to your mapped global phenomenon.

3 + 1 = 4 marks

b. Describe the distribution of your global phenomenon including references to the specific places you have marked on your map.

4 marks

11 2009 GEOG EXAM

c. ‘Social factors are the most important factors to explain the distribution of global phenomena.’ Evaluate this statement in reference to your mapped global phenomenon.

4 marks

d. Discuss the effectiveness of one particular response from a government or nongovernment organisation to your global phenomenon.

3 marks

Total 15 marks

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Victorian Certificate of Education 2009

GEOGRAPHYWritten examination

Friday 13 November 2009

Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes) Writing time: 12.00 noon to 2.00 pm (2 hours)

DATA BOOK

Directions to students

• A question and answer book is provided with this data book.

• Refer to the data in this book for each question as indicated in the question and answer book.

• The data contained in this book is drawn from current real world case studies.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2009

2

Figure 1 Water as a resource

Figure 1a: Australia’s population distribution

Darwin

Perth

Adelaide

Melbourne

Hobart

Canberra

Sydney

Brisbane

5000

50 and above

Number of persons per km2 State/Territoryboundary

river

1000 km

N

10–50 1–10 Less than 1

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Figure 1b: Australia’s rainfall, 2006

5000

belowaverage

Rainfall, 2006

1000 km

N

very muchbelow average

loweston record

aboveaverage

average very muchabove average

higheston record

Figure 1c: Australia’s water consumption, by regions

5000

1250 to 1830

Water consumption, gigalitres

1000 km

N

910 to 1250 350 to 910 160 to 350 Less than 160

Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology

Source: Experimental Estimates of Regional Water Use, Australia

4

Fanari

New Port

Airport

Argyraina

Old Port

Chora

Tourlos

Ano Mera

LakeMarathiou

LakeFokos

Metallia

Tagou

Paradise Beach

Super Paradise

Marathi

Mykonos

Key

ports beaches ParadiseBeach

airport main road minor road Choratown centre

0 5 km

N

Figure 2 Local Resources

Figure 2a: Location of Paradise Beach, Mykonos, Greece

Figure 2b: Background Information

ANTARCTICA

AFRICA

ASIA

AUSTRALIAAND OCEANIA

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

Mykonos,Greece

Mykonos is a small Greek island in the Aegean Sea, part of the larger Mediterranean Sea. It has become one of the most popular tourist destinations for the local Greek population together with visitors from other countries. It is renowned for its beaches and clear sea water which are backed by steep, rocky mountains. Together with boutique shopping and a vibrant night life, more than one million people visit Mykonos in a year, mostly during the warmer months from April through to October. The island has a

permanent population of around 11 000 including 4 000 foreign residents.

Paradise Beach is one of many beaches on Mykonos. It is well serviced with a restaurant, bus stop and car park. The beach is carefully managed with cleaning taking place every morning before the day visitors arrive. Visitors pay a fee for lounge chairs and shade.

5 TURN OVER

Figure 2c: Paradise Beach, Greece

6

Figure 3 Human Population

Figure 3a: Birth rates, 1984

Figure 3b: Birth rates, 2009

Key to Figures 3a and 3b

0 2500 km1250

N

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Tropic of Cancer

Arctic Circle

0 2500 km1250

N

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Tropic of Cancer

Arctic Circle

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

less than 1818–2728–3637–45more than 45Birth rates per 1000 people

7 END OF DATA BOOK

Figure 3c: Age-sex structure for selected countries, 2009

0–4

0

population (in millions)

12345 543210

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980+

age groupmale female

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

A

0–45–9

10–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

020406080100120140

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

12010080604020

population (in thousands)

1400

age groupmale femaleB

0–45–9

10–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

Source: US Census Bureau, International Data Base

age groupmale female

0

population (in millions)

0.51.01.52.02.5 2.52.01.51.00.50

C