TLW…1)Discuss the Punic Wars and how Rome

gained control over Carthage.2)Explain how expansion changed the Roman

Empire.

Punic Wars HannibalScipio

Spartacus Reparations

PUNIC WARS

Causes Results

1st Punic War

2nd Punic War

3rd Punic War

*Legionnaires consisting of 4500-6000 citizens made up 1 unit in the army.

*Very disciplined and well trained.

*Every adult male citizen who owned land was required to serve.

*Auxilia=units of noncitizens.

*Romans wanted their conquered peoples to be loyal to Rome.

1)Granted full citizenship to inhabitants of nearby Italian cities. (vote, own property, and marry)

2)Granted partial citizenship to the people of more distant cities. (own property and marry)

3)Really distant lands remained independent, but had to supply Rome with soldiers.

CARTHAGE:*City-State located on

coast of North Africa.*Carthage dominated

the trade market in the Mediterranean and had important trade centers in Sicily.

*Rome expands into Southern Italy posing an economic threat to Carthage.

*Began in 264 B.C., fought for 23 years. Mainly a naval battle.

*Carthage has a superior navy, Rome has the superior army (no navy).

*Rome quickly builds a navy and uses land warfare tactics at sea. “Boarding Bridges.”

*Rome wins. Carthage gives Sicily to Rome and pays Rome “war reparations” or damages.

*Began in 218 B.C., Ends in 202 B.C.

*Land infantry battle between Rome and Carthage.

*Hannibal will lead the Carthaginian army by land through Spain, Gaul (France),and through the Alps into Northern Italy.

*Hannibal’s army included foot soldiers as well as a horse and elephant cavalry.

*The crossing of the Alps was very difficult and many of Hannibal’s soldiers died.

*Hannibal could not get Rome’s enemies to fight with Carthage.

*Hannibal did not have the manpower to attack the city of Rome without reinforcements from Carthage, nor could he get Rome’s enemies to join him.

*Hannibal pillages the Italian country side for years.

*Scipio attacks Carthage in Africa and wins at the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.

1) Macedonia had allied with Carthage, so Rome attacks and destroys Macedonia in 197 B.C.

2) Carthage paid more war reparations to Rome.

3) Gave up most of its navy to Rome.4) Gave the colonies of Spain to Rome.5) Carthage remains independent.6) Rome becomes the most powerful force in

the Mediterranean.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZrjXEomBXM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4F1GN9oCfE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

*Rome hates Carthage and wants to see them destroyed and removed as a future threat.

*Rome attacks Carthage in 149 B.C. and completely destroys the city in 146 B.C.

*Rome’s territory now stretches from Spain to Turkey (Asia Minor).

1) Roman Senate takes complete control over the army and foreign policy=nobles gain more power.

2) People in new territories were not given citizenship. Instead, they were subjects of Rome ruled by a Roman Governor.

3) Roman soldiers had to sell their farm land upon returning home. Rich get richer, poor get poorer.

4) Enslaved many conquered people. Slaves could buy their freedom. Many tried to rebel. Roman army had to defend against rebellion from with-in and from with-out.