STUDIES ON THE SOURCES OF THE KITĀB RIMĀḤ ḤIZB AL … · HIZB AL-RAHIM OF AL-HAJJ CUMAR BERND RADTKE* Introduction Ahmad al-Tijanl (1737-1815), the founder of the Tijaniyya

STUDIES ON THE SOURCES OF THE KITĀB RIMĀḤ ḤIZB AL-RAḤĪM OF AL-ḤĀJJ ʿUMARAuthor(s): Bernd RadtkeSource: Sudanic Africa, Vol. 6 (1995), pp. 73-113Published by: BrillStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25653267Accessed: 05-04-2017 09:11 UTC

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STUDIES ON THE SOURCES OF THE KITAB RIMAH HIZB AL-RAHIM OF AL-HAJJ CUMAR

BERND RADTKE*

Introduction

Ahmad al-Tijanl (1737-1815), the founder of the Tijaniyya order, left no writings behind when he died, apart from a few letters. His student CAH Harazim Barrada (d. 1856) collected information about his master's life and teachings, some of his

fatwds and his letters, and published them in the Jawdhir al macdnLl On the margins of the Jawdhir is normally printed the other basic work of the Tijaniyya, the Kitab Rimdh hizb al rahim cald nuhur hizb al-rajim: The Lances of the Party of the Compassionate against the Throats of the Party of the Accursed Satan'. The author of this work is cUmar b. SacId al-Futi (1793 1864), known generally as al-hajj cUmar. This scholar, mystic, religious combatant, founder and leader of a state, is considered to be one of the most remarkable and important personalities in nineteenth-century West African Islam. His life has been described in the works of David Robinson, Bradford Martin, John Ralph Willis and Jamil Abun-Nasr.2 It is not least because of the work of al-hajj cUmar and his successors that the Tijaniyya today is an important factor in the religious and socio-political life of West Africa, with many millions of followers.

After his death in 1864, the state founded by al-hajj cUmar

* I wish to express my warmest thanks to Knut S. Vik0r who translated most of the German parts of this article, and to John O'Kane for having patiently proof-read and revised its final English version.

1 Bernd Radtke, 'Was steht in den 6awahir al-macani? Versuch einer Ehrenrettung' (forthcoming).

2 Bibliographical information about these authors is given in my 'Von Iran nach Westafrika', Die Welt des Islams, xxxv, 1995, 66-9.

Sudanic Africa, 6, 1995, 73-113


74 BERND RADTKE

was ruled by his sons for another thirty years until it finally fell prey to French imperialism in 1894. In 1890, the French occupied the city of S6gou on the upper Niger. Here they confiscated the remains of al-hajj cUmar's library. It was sent to Paris, and since 1892 it has formed a sizeable part of the

Arabic manuscripts section of the Bibliothfeque Nationale. This material was only properly catalogued in the Inventaire de la Bibliothdque cUmarienne de Segou, which appeared in 1985.

Surprisingly, there have hardly been any studies that discuss the teachings of the Rimah. Works that have been pub lished on this subject only deal with minor points and are often unreliable, if not patently wrong. In his recent critical evalua tion of the works on al-hajj cUmar, John Hunwick said about the Rimah, 'The book still lies unstudied by Africanists and Islamicists like a hard lump in the stomach?massive and undi gested. Yves Marquet wrote an article on it in 19683 and since then a few chapters have been translated ... but no full study of it has been undertaken. Indeed, it would require a Chittick or a Chodkiewicz to unpeal the intellectual layers of this work and place it in its true context in the history of Islamic thought.'4

I believe that one may make a start upon this path. A first step is my article 'Von Iran' in which I analyze the use of two selected sources for the Rimah. Ideally, the proper scholarly procedure would be to undertake a similar analysis for all the sources in the Rimah. That would, however, require a great amount of time and the results would perhaps not warrant the considerable effort. I have thus decided on a different approach: to compile a list of all the sources that are directly named and quoted from in the Rimah. As I have mostly not checked the quotations against the original source, there may occasionally be an error regarding the distinction between primary and sec ondary sources, the end of a particular quotation not always being clearly indicated in the text.

The book contains 55 chapters that vary greatly in their length. The themes discussed may be divided into three broad

3 On this article see my 'Von Iran', 42 n. 24. 4 John O. Hunwick, 'Sufism and the study of Islam in West Africa: The

case of Al-Hajj cUmar\ Der Islam, lxxi, 1994, 309f.


SOURCES OF RIMAH OF AL-HAJJ CUMAR 75

categories, some themes however fitting into more than one category:

1. Matters concerning Islamic law: above all the relations of the Tijaniyya jama0a to the outside world: Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10,11.

2. The organization of the jama0a: its conception of itself, the role and status of Ahmad al-Tijam, the role of al-hajj cUmar, and autobiographical remarks of the latter: Introduction and Chapters 1, 2, 3,4, 5,6, 29, 30, 38,40,43, 46,47,48,49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, Conclusion.

3. Mystical themes: a. The characteristics of the shaykh and the novice, and the

relationship between the two: Chapters 12,13, 14, 15,16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23.

b. Concerning visions: Chapters 20,21.

c. On the dhikr: Chapters 24, 25, 26, 27, 33, 34, 35, 39,40,41,42.

d. The tariqa Muhammadiyya: Chapter 31.

e. On walaya (Friendship with God): Chapters 36, 37, 38.

f. Concerning spiritual retreat (khalwa): Chapters 44,45.

The following is a translation by John Hunwick of the chapter headings found in the Rimah:5

5 First published in John O. Hunwick, 4 An Introduction to the Tijani Path: Being an Annotated Translation of the Chapter Headings of the Kitab al Rimah of al-Hajj cUmar\ ISSS, 6, 1992, 23-32.1 have divided them into part I and H of the Rimah and for each heading added the Rimah references in brackets; other brackets are all Hunwick's. The footnotes are mine.


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Rimah/

The Introduction: Consisting of some of the matters that in crease faith.

Chapter 1 [p. 11-20]: Informing them that it is incumbent upon every scholar who keeps the religion to speak in support of the people of God and to defend them and aid them against those who discredit them and seek to bring them into disrepute by denouncing them and those who associate with them, and that in so doing they gain a great reward; {and [informing them] that no one repudiates [the people of God] save him} whose light God wishes to extinguish and the benefit of whose scholarship and writings?if he be a writer?He wishes to negate on account of his wicked conduct.

Chapter 2 [p. 20-32]: On stirring desire in the brethren for associ ation with the Friends of God and holding fast to love for them and serving them, and similar actions.

Chapter 3 [p. 32-5]: Informing them that belief in the people of God and affirmation of the truth of the acquired and the intuitive knowledge which show forth from them, and giving one's self over to them and loving them, [together constitute] [spiritual intimacy] (waldyd).

Chapter 4 [p. 35-48]: An explanation of some of the veils which prevent people from recognizing God's Friends, so that the wise man may be aware of them and hence pierce them all and attain to knowl edge of the Friends of God, and through knowledge of them commune with them, and through communion with them, attain to God, for He is the ultimate goal.

Chapter 5 [p. 48-57]: Informing them that the asceticism of the Perfected Ones (al-kummat) does not consist of being detached from the world but rather of detaching the heart. And the perfection of this state is only achieved by them through their lack of attachment to what they possess and have under their control with nothing coming between them and it. And informing them that opting for asceticism combined with rejection of worldly goods may be due merely to loss [of worldly goods] or to weakness or inability to obtain them, and that one of the stipulations for him who calls [men] to God Most High is that he be not completely cut off from [the goods of] this world; and



[informing them] that he who has no means of support and who is supported by other people is to be classified with women and is de void of manliness.

Chapter 6 [p. 57-71]: Warning them against and deterring them from denouncing and showing enmity towards any of our lords the Friends of God, and informing them that [such behaviour] is the essence of perdition in his world and the next.

Chapter 7 [p. 71-5]: Warning them against denouncing people by branding their actions hardm when this concerns matters whose legal categorisation the scholars disagree over.

Chapter 8 [p. 75-103]: Informing them that God Most High did not make it obligatory for anyone to adhere [exclusively] to a specific madhhab of the mujtahidin and [informing them] that every imam of this community?may God Most High be pleased with them all?has renounced any claim that men must necessarily follow him exclusively in every religious matter since [the imams] know that unqualified fidelity is due only to him who is guarded from error (al-macsum).6

Chapter 9 [p. 103-5]: Informing them that denunciation of {the People of}7 Haqlqa is permissible to none save him who has compre hensive knowledge of the Sharlca\ and the point of informing them about this is so that they will be wary of comprehensive condemnation and will confine themselves to matters which are explicitly [deemed] obligatory or forbidden by the Book, the Sunna and the consensus of the community.

Chapter 10 [p. 105-8]: Informing them that the Friend of God who has received illumination (al-wali al-maftuh calayhi) is not bound by any madhhab of the mujtahidin, but indeed, pursues the truth through God wherever it leads.8

Chapter 11 [p. 108-11]: Informing them that the culamdJ are unanimous in encouraging [the people] to eschew disputation (al

6 With regard to this chapter see my 'Ijtihad and Neo-Sufism\ Asiatische Studien, xlviii, 1994, 917f. By macsum the mujtahid is meant, not the Prophet Muhammad, as Hunwick states in note 28.

7 From the content of this chapter it is clear that this conjecture is incorrect; cald 'l-haqiqa here means in reality: only someone who possesses knowledge of the whole of the sharVa, which is virtually impossible, can contest the correctness of a particular madhhab. On this point see also 'Ijtihad', 917.

8 On this connection see also my 'Ijtihad', 920.


78 BERNDRADTKE

khuruj min al-khilqf) by avoiding situations in which it occurs. Chapter 12 [p. 111-14]: Informing them that it is incumbent upon

every mature person who is desirous of freeing his soul of foul vices of its own and of the devil's making, both now and in the future, to seek out a shaykh who is a guide and counsellor, one well-versed in the [Islamic] sciences and cognisant of [moral] defects and sicknesses. He should submit to his direction and follow his commands and should not go against him in any matter whatsoever.

Chapter 13 [p. 114-18]: Informing them that no ascetic attains to the presence of God and the planes of His Attributes and Names except through the agency of those specially authorised (ashab al-idhn al-khdss), no matter if he amass [all] the knowledge of the former [scholars] and associate with all groups of people (tawa3ifal-nas) and perform worship equivalent to that of men and jinn combined (cibadat al-thaqalayri).

Chapter 14 [p. 118-20]: Informing them that if anyone has students and disciples seeking spiritual tutelage (al-tarbiyd) and guid ance and the acquisition of knowledge, and is favoured by God with the presence of one more knowledgeable and spiritually advanced (akmal) than him, then it is incumbent upon him to divest himself of [those students and disciples] and to follow together with them that person who is more knowledgeable and spiritually advanced.

Chapter 15 [p. 120-2]: Informing them that if a disciple embarks upon shaykh-hood and wants to have his own disciple before extin guishing his selfhood (bashariyyd) and being weaned at the hand of a shaykh, then he is [spiritually] blind and is one who merely loves authority. Nothing [good] shall come from him.

Chapter 16 [p. 122-33]: Informing them that the first step which the disciple should take on this path is [the attainment of] complete truthfulness (aUsidq).

Chapter 17 [p. 133-7]: Informing them that the [perfected] Friend of God is known, befriended, loved and served for nothing other than [the sake of] God, and that [a disciple] will benefit from such a man [in matters of] this world and the next, even though it may take a period of time. In the contrary case this will not be so, even if [the disciple] were to follow [a lesser Friend of God] for years and years and even if [this Friend of God] were a qutb. Indeed, [the disciple's] perdition is closer to him than the strap of his sandal!



Chapter 18 [p. 137-43]: Informing them that the shaykh {who is the Perfected Friend of God) is, in relation to his followers, like the Prophet in relation to his umma, and that pledging allegiance to him is like pledging allegiance to the Prophet?may God bless him and grant him peace?since he is a deputy of the Prophet?may God bless him and grant him peace.

Chapter 19 [p. 143-51]: Warning them to oppose the shaykh either secretly or openly by failing to do his bidding, whether he be present or absent or by opposing him secretly or openly.

Chapter 20 [p. 151-6]: Warning them against striving for materi alised disclosures (kushufat kawniyya) and visual prodigies (karamat Hyaniyya)? and informing them that this Path of ours is a Path of thankfulness and love10 and its followers do not occupy themselves with longing for anything that distracts [them] from God and they do not concern themselves with materialised disclosures. Because they are beloved ones, only rarely do such things befall them. Indeed, to the beloved among them such things to not occur lest they come dependent upon them and the devil find a way to mislead them and send them astray by showing them such falsehoods that would be a means of enticing them, as happens to many who have recourse to them, so they go astray and lead others astray and they perish and cause others to perish?may God preserve us from perdition! Then, when God wishes out of His bounty to enlighten them, He enlightens a particular person without his knowing it, in such a way that through [such enlightenment] he attains bliss in the two abodes. May God through his bounty cause us to be numbered among them. Amen!

Chapter 21 [p. 156-63]: Warning them against being preoccupied with [visionary] phenomena (al-waqaJic) and being addicted to them and longing for their occurrence, and informing them that the aspirant who neither sees nor is seen in [a visionary phenomenon] is not less in rank than one who sees [such an phenomenon] or is seen [in one]. Indeed, he is superior.

Chapter 22 [p. 163-71]: Informing them that every sincere aspi rant must confine himself to a single exemplar (qudwa) and should have recourse to none other, nor should he frequent any [other] Friend

9 Both these expressions are taken from Source LXXVIII; cf. also 4Von Iran', 45 and n. 53.

10 A verbal formulation taken from Source No. I, Ibriz, II, 60.


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of God either living or dead. Chapter 23 [p. 171-6]: Informing them that the spiritual father,

who is the shaykh, has a more elevated status and is more deserving of filial piety and veneration (al-birr wa 'l-tawqir), is more entitled to watch over [the disciple], is firmer in knowledge, closer in sensitivity and more tightly bonded [to him] than his biological father.

Chapter 24 [p. 176-82]: Being an exposition of the general merit of dhikr and its benefits, and on encouraging [performance of] it and stirring up a desire for it, [initially] without performing it in company or doing it publicly and other matters.

Chapter 25 [p. 182-95]: On stirring up a desire [thereafter] to per form dhikr in company and in public, and encouraging [people] to do so, and announcing that it is something in which one should persevere because of its merit; and a rebuttal of him who, on account of his ignorance of the Book and the Sunna and the consensus of the ummay denounces those who perform dhikr in groups.

Chapter 26 [p. 195-6]: Mentioning the origin of imparting orally (talqiri) various formulae of dhikr {and the making of covenants and taking an oath of allegiance and the handshaking (aUmusdhafa) and the mushdbaka).

Chapter 27 [p. 196-9]: Informing them that in the eyes of the People of God the esteemed dhikr, through which is gained illumina tion and attainment to God, is the one which is acquired through permission and through being imparted orally by a 'connected' {inheriting, guiding} shaykh (shaykh wdrith wdsil murshid) who has a direct teaching relationship (suhba) with the Prophet and whose path is [directly] connected to the Prophetic Plane (al-hadrat al nabawiyya), and not one which a man acquires independently.

Chapter 28 [p. 199-204]: Mentioning our chain of Authority for this Ahmadiyya, Muhammadiyya Ibrahimiyya, Hanifiyya Tijaniyya path.

Chapter 29 [p. 204-15]: Informing them that our master Muhammad al-Ghali told me in plain words that I am one of the khalifas of the Shaykh?may God Most High be pleased with him and cause him to be pleased and watch over him?not one of the muqaddams.

Chapter 30 [p. 215-19]: Informing them that God Most High bestowed upon me knowledge of His Greatest and Most Exalted



Name in order that [I] might proclaim the bounty [of the Lord]. Chapter 31 [p. 219-31]: Informing them that the Friends of God

see the Prophet?may God bless him and grant him peace?in a waking state (yaqiatari) and that he?may God bless him and grant him peace?attends any assembly or place he wishes in body and soul and acts as he wishes and travels wherever he desires in all regions of the earth and in the divine realm (malakut) in the form in which he was before his death without any change, but hidden from sight just as the angels are, despite their being alive corporeally; and [informing them that] if God wills that a servant should see [the Prophet] He lifts the veil from [His servant] and he sees [the Prophet] in his actual form.

Chapter 32 [p. 231-44]: Mentioning the stipulations (shard3it) [laid upon adherents] of our Ahmadiyya Muhammadiyya Ibrahlmiyya

Hanafiyya Tijaniyya Path and a reply to him who rejects any of them. Chapter 33 [p. 244-8]: An enumeration of the obligatory dhikr

formulae of the Tijani Path. Chapter 34 [p. 248-62]: Mentioning some of the non-obligatory

dhikr formulae of the Path, some of which are given by permission and instruction to the elect among the People of the Path to the exclu sion of its ordinary initiates, and some of which are only permitted to the elect of the elect.

Rimah //

Chapter 35 [p. 2-5]: Mentioning the rules of etiquette for dhikr and what is meant by it.

Chapter 36 [p. 5-37]: Mentioning the merit of our Shaykh?may God Most High be pleased with him?and mentioning that he is the Seal of the Friends of God (khdtim al-awliyd*) and the Lord of the Gnostics and the Imam of the Righteous and the Support of the Poles and the Nurturers (mumidd al-aqtab wa fl-aghwdth) and that he is the Hidden Pole (al-qutb aUmaktum) and the Ultimate Link (al-barzakh al-makhtum) who is the intermediary between the Prophet and the Friends of God such that none of the Friends, either of greater or lesser rank, finds an effusion [of grace] from the plane (hadra) of a prophet except through his mediation?may God Most High be pleased with him?[which comes] to him whence that Friend of God


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knows not.11

Chapter 37 [p. 37-46]: Announcing the possibility that God Most High will pardon all the past sins that his servant has committed and the future sins that he will commit; [announcing further] that the Friend of God may or may not be aware that he is a Friend and that he may [or may not] know that his future state is secure.

Chapter 38 [p. 46-57]: Concerning the merits of those who are devotees in whatever way [of al-Tijani]?may God Most High be pleased with him and cause him to be pleased and watch over him? and what God has prepared for them; and the merit of the obligatory dhikr formulae of the Path and what, in general terms, God has pre pared for those who recite them.

Chapter 39 [p. 57-95]: Concerning the merit of the obligatory dhikr formulae in detail.

Chapter 40 [p. 95-113]: Concerning the merits of the non-obliga tory dhikr formulae which are special to the elect and the elect of the elect among the People of the Path.

Chapter 41 [p. 113-41]: An elaboration of the meanings of the obligatory dhikr formulae of the Path, since presence of the heart during dhikr is required of one who performs it and [awareness of the divine] presence is not [attainable] except through knowledge of the meaning of dhikr. [Awareness of the divine] presence is the core of [spiritual] activities and the need for the one who performs dhikr to understand the meaning of what he utters is an essential matter from which there is no escape.

Chapter 42 [p. 141-61]: Concerning some of the objectives upon which are founded the dhikr formulae {which are obligatory} for this Path alone.

Chapter 43 [p. 161-76]: An explanation of the reason for calling this Path of ours the Ahmadiyya, Muhammadiyya, Ibrahimiyya,

Hanifiyya, Tijaniyya Path. Chapter 44 [p. 176-84]: Concerning the authority for [the practice

of] spiritual retreat (khalwa) and its rules according to the Sufis.12

11 This chapter has been translated and discussed by Yves Marquet, 'Des Ifcwan al-safa3 a al-Hagg cUmar (b. Sacid Tall): marabout et conqu6rant toucouleur', Arabica, xv, 1968, 6-47; in this connection see note 3 above.

12 This chapter has been discussed by Jean-Louis Triaud, 'Khalwa and the



Chapter 45 [p. 184-6]: Concerning some of the [types of] spiritual retreat of this Path.

Chapter 46 [p. 186-208]: Being a reply on his (sc. al-TijanT's) [authority]?may God Most High be pleased with him?received orally from the Prophet?may God Most High bless him and his family and grant them peace?every one of which contains [spiritual] benefits and secrets which could be comprehended by none save his Lord, the Generous, the Giver, and [al-Tijanfs] most meritorious forebear, upon whom be from God Most High the finest blessing and {purest} peace. [These are questions which] those who have no sound knowledge may dispute with him.

Chapter 47 [p. 208-10]: Informing them that it is incumbent upon them to be obedient to the muqaddams over the matter of giving out the wird and that it is forbidden to disobey them.

Chapter 48 [p. 210-17]: Informing muqaddams who have received valid permission to give out the wird from one who has valid permission on the authority of his shaykh who was given it verbally and through guidance, especially those who have attained the rank of khalifa, having been so appointed by another khalifa, that it is neces sary for everyone who summons [people] to God, and is true in so doing, to be patient over the denigration of his brothers, just as [those who] formerly summoned to God were patient when they were vilified.

Chapter 49 [p. 217-22]: Enjoining the Brethren who belong to the Paths of the People of God to bear the vilification of those who reject and oppose them and their masters, the Friends of God, following the example of the prophets of God Most High and His messengers, and [how] to console them.

Chapter 50 [p. 222-7]: Informing them of a quality that facilitates friendship with all manner of people.13

Chapter 51 [p. 227-48]: Informing them that every individual must endeavour to save his soul and must strive earnestly and energet ically in the worship of his Lord, being neither diverted nor hindered from so doing by any matter, be it parent or child or homeland or

Career of Sainthood. An Interpretative Essay' in Donal B. Cruise O'Brien and Christian Coulon (eds), Charisma and Brotherhood in African Islam, Oxford 1988.

13 On this point cf Hunwick's note 45.


84 BERNDRADTKE

friend or dwelling or kinsman or wealth or any other thing that may hinder him from approaching God and turning his back on whatever is other than Him, even if that leads him to the abandonment of home

lands?nay even to the taking of life through hijra and jihad. Chapter 52 [p. 248-57]: Mentioning matters which necessarily

result in the servant being cut off from his Lord?Exalted and Glori ous is He?[and which] catch [the members of this {Muhammadan} community off their guard without most of them being aware of it.

Chapter 53 [p. 257-65]: Informing them that it is incumbent upon every adult believer who wishes to save himself from the wrath and

anger of God Most High and to win His good pleasure to hasten to sincere repentance.

Chapter 54 [p. 265-77]: Mentioning some of the things that expi ate sins.

Chapter 55 [p. 277-283]: Mentioning some of [al-Tijani's] sayings and advice?may God Most High be pleased with him and cause him to be pleased and watch over him.

Khdtima [p. 284-90]: Conclusion?we ask God Most High that it should be felicitous: An exposition of the superiority of dhikr over all other acts of obedience, since it does not cease with the end of the world?nay, it continues for the believers; and an account of the Garden and some of its features, and descriptions of [what] its people [are doing] therein, and [an exposition of the fact] that they are continuously performing dhikr.

A systematic reading of the work will quickly show that it is almost entirely composed of quotations. Al-hajj cUmar's own contributions are mostly short sentences to sum up the quoted source and lead on to the next. Even the formulations of the chapter headings are often taken directly from the sources.

How the sources were used by al-hajj cUmar will be better established through a translation of the book. We will here only show what he has used.

In the following list, every primary source?or what is considered to be a primary source?is given a number. This is followed by the title, if known, the author, and the reference in GAL. If the book is catalogued in the Inventaire, this is noted (Inv.:). Subjects are prefaced by *S:\ In some cases, additional



remarks are added. Then all quotations are listed by chapter (prefaced by 4Q:'). The order of the list follows the pagination of the Beirut printed edition of 1973.

Many of the sources exist in older or recent editions. I have however decided to avoid referring to such editions. Further information can easily be found in the standard reference works. My sole aim here is to offer an inventory, and not to undertake a source-critical analysis as is the case in my article 'Von Iran'.

List of Sources

I al-Ibriz by Ahmad b. al-Mubarak al-Lamatl, d. 1155/1742 GAL, II, 462; SII, 704. S: Mysticism. The Ibriz being one of the major sources of the Rimah, in this case I have identified the individual quotations; cf. Radtke, 'Ibriz Lamatls', Mahibou and Triaud, Voild, 201. Q: Rimah, I: Introduction: p. 7: Ibriz, I, 458; p. 8: Ibriz, I, 469; the quotation is repeated Rimah, II, 237. ? Ch. 1: p. 13: Ibriz, I, 100f.; p. 19: Ibriz, II, 129. ? Ch. 4: p. 38: Ibriz, U 94; p. 39: Ibriz, II, 90; p. 43: Ibriz, I, 486. ? Ch. 5: p. 49, quotation not found in the Ibriz. ? Ch. 8: p. 93, quotation not found in the Ibrir, p. 104: Ibriz, II, 99. ? Ch. 10: p. 105: Ibriz, II, 97. ? Ch. 11: p. 110, the same quotation as p. 93.

? Ch. 15: p. 122: Ibriz, II, 165. ? Ch. 16: p. 124: Ibriz, I, 124; p. 125: Ibriz, II, 79. ? Ch. 17: p. 133: Ibriz, II, 73-7. ? Ch. 19: p. 146: Ibriz, II, 104. ? Ch. 20: p. 153: Ibriz, II, 52; p. 154: Ibriz, II, 60; p. 155: Ibriz, II, 60. ? Ch. 21: p. 158: Ibriz, II, 274. ? Ch. 22: p. 163: Ibriz, I, 81; p. 164: Ibriz, I, 106; Ibriz, II, 123; p. 167: Ibriz, I, 396; p. 168: Ibriz, I, 398. ? Ch. 27: p. 196: Ibriz, II, 177; p. 198: Ibriz, II, 169; it is continued p. 199; interrupted by Source No. XXVIII. ? Ch. 31: p. 220: Ibriz, II, 88; Ibriz, II, 174; Ibriz, II, 285; p. 221: Ibriz, II, 9ff; p. 223: Ibriz, II, 166; Ibriz, I, 280; p. 224: Ibriz, I, 400; Ibriz, II, 277. ? Ch. 32: p. 232: Ibriz, II, 79 = Rimah, I, 125; Ibriz I, 81 = Rimah, I, 163; Ibriz, II, 76; Ibriz, II, 58; p. 233, Source No. IX, cited from Source No. I; p. 234: Ibriz, II, 145; p. 235: Ibriz, I, 147; p. 236:


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Ibrlz, I, 149. Rimah, II: Ch. 37: p. 43: Ibriz, I, 486. ? Ch. 38: p. 51: Ibrlz, II, 302.? Ch. 39: p. 75: Ibrlz, I, 294f.; p. 82, quotation not found in the Ibriz; p. 88: Ibrlz, I, 294 = Rimah II, 73; p. 90: Ibrlz, I, 294f. = Rimah, I, 73. ? Ch. 41: p. 121: Ibrlz, II, 189; p. 122: Ibrlz, II, 190; p. 124: Ibrlz, II, 193; Ibrlz, II, 193; p. 125: Ibrlz, II, 194; Ibrlz, II, 208; p. 127: Ibrlz, II, 185; Ibrlz, I, 59; Ibrlz, H 186; p. 131: Ibrlz, II, 171. ? Ch. 42: p. 155: Ibrlz, II, 26; p. 159: Ibrlz, I 416. ? Ch. 46: p. 193, quota tion not found in the Ibrlz. ? Ch. 50: p. 224: Ibrlz, II, 6Iff. ? Ch. 51: p. 236: Ibrlz, I, 455; p. 237: Ibrlz, I, 469, = Rimah, I, 8. ? Ch. 52: p. 248: Ibrlz, I, 450; p. 254: Ibrlz, I, 460.

// al-Bahr al-mawrud by cAbd al-Wahhab al-Shacrani, d. 973/1565 GAL, II, 335; SII, 464. Inv.: No. 5399. S: Mysticism; ethics; theology; fiqh. Also mentioned in Rebstock, Sammlung, 32, no. 354. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 12?Ch. 5, p. 51; 52?Ch. 8, p. 94; 104?Ch. 14, p. 118; 120?Ch. 18, p. 138?Ch. 22, p. 168?Ch. 25, p. 188; 189?Ch. 29, p. 213; 214. Rimah, II: Ch. 37, p. 45?Ch. 48, p. 210?

Ch. 49, p. 218.

///

Shahiyyat al-sama0, author not mentioned GAL. Not given under this title. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 16?Ch. 8, p. 98?Ch. 25, p. 186?Ch. 29, p. 215.

IV Kashf al-qindc by CA1I b. Muhammad al-Misri al-cAbbadI GAL, SN II, p. 147: Wasiyyat Shuhbat al-sama0 mit Cmt. Kashf al qina? von CAH b. Muhammad al-Misri, 10. Jh. Inv.: No. 5470; 5590 Also mentioned in Rebstock, Sammlung, 29, no. 328 under the title Kashf al-qindc can wajh alfdi shamciyyat al-samdc. Author: CA1I b. Muhammad al-cIbadi al-mashhur bi'l-Misri.

Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 16?Ch. 4, p. 45?Ch. 8, p. 98; 99?Ch. 25, p. 186; 187?Ch. 29, p. 215.



V Lawdqih al-anwar al-qudsiyya by cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/1565 GAL, II, 336, no. 14; 5II, 465. Inv.: No. 5512. S: Mysticism; ethics;./^; theology. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 16; 17; 18?Ch. 4, p. 41?Ch. 5, p. 48; 50 (twice); 51; 52; 53 (twice)?Ch. 6, p. 61; 62; 70?Ch. 8, p. 91; 92? Ch. 9, p. 103?Ch. 14, p. 119; 120?Ch. 15, p. 122?Ch. 22, p. 170 (twice)?Ch. 23, p. 172; 175?Ch. 24, p. 178?Ch. 25, p. 182; 193; 194?Ch. 31, p. 219; 220 (twice)?Ch. 32, p. 239 (twice)?Ch. 33, p. 248. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 25?Ch. 39, p. 63?Ch. 46, p. 187; 202; 208?Ch. 47, p. 209?Ch. 48, p. 211; 214.

VI Hashiyat al-Shaykh al-cAdawi cala sharh al-Khirshl by CA1I b. Ahmad al-c Adawi, d. 1189/1775 GAL, SII, 98; al-cAdawi (cIdwI) has his own entry: II, 319; SII, 439; al-Khirshi (Kharashi), d. 1101/1689, has an entry: II, 318; SII, 438. Cf. Source No. XXVIII. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 17. Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 194; 201.

VII Sharh al-Dardir cala 'l-Mukhtasar by Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Dard!r,d. 1201/1786 GAL, II, 353. Inv.: No. 6638. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 18?Ch. 22, p. 170. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 24? Ch. 46, p. 187; 201; 204; 207.

VIII QawaHd by Ahmad b. Ahmad al-Zarruq, d. 899/1493 GAL, II, 253; SII, 361. Inv.: No. 6103. S: Mysticism. Also mentioned in Rebstock, Sammlung, no. 789; 1105; 188. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 18; 20?Ch. 3, p. 35?Ch. 4, p. 37?Ch. 5, p. 54; 55 (three times)?Ch. 7, p. 72?Ch. 8, p. 76; 92; 100?Ch. 12, p. Ill?Ch. 22, p. 169?Ch. 25, p. 185 (twice)?Ch. 26, p. 195?Ch. 33, p. 246. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 25; 31; 32?Ch. 40, p. 102?Ch. 44, p. 176?Ch. 49, p. 219?Ch. 51, p. 235.


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IX al-Ra?iyya by Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Sharishl, 581-641/ 1185-1243 GAL, S I; 802./nv.: No. 5610 S: Poetry; mysticism. Cf. Radtke, 'Ibriz Lamatls'. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 19?Ch. 32, p. 232.

X al-Sullam al-murawniq fi 'l-mantiq by cAbd al-Rahman b. Muhammad al-Akhdari, 920-56/1514-46 GAL H, 463; SII, 705. Inv.: No. 5685; 6102. S: Logic; philosophy. Also mentioned in Rebstock, Katalog, 113, no. 76. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. l,p. 19.

XI Lata'ifal-minan by Ibn cAta? Allah al-Iskandari, d. 709/1309 GAL, II, 117; 511, 146, no. 15. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 1, p. 20?Ch. 2, p. 32?Ch. 4, p. 36 (twice); 42 (three times); 45; 46 (twice); 47?Ch. 6, p. 59 (twice); 63?Ch. 23, p. 174; 176.

XII 'Ara'is al-baydn by Ruzbihan-i Baqll, d. 606/1209 GAL, I, 414; SI, 735. S: Koran commentary; mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 21; 26; 29?Ch. 3, p. 32; 34?Ch. 5, p. 50?Ch. 6, p. 60 (twice); 62; 63 (three times); 64 (twice); 65 (twice); 66 (three times); 67; 71?Ch. 13, p. 114 (twice)?Ch. 23, p. 172; 173 (three times)?Ch. 26, p. 195?Ch. 29, p. 206; 208 (twice); 209. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 21; 25; 26; 27; 28 (twice)?Ch. 39, p. 82?Ch. 49, p. 219? Ch. 51, p. 229; 238; 239.

XIII TanbTh al-mughtarrln by cAbd al-Wahhab al-Shacrani, d. 973/1565 GAL, II, 337, no. 12; SII, 465. Cf. Source No. LXVI!



Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 22?Ch. 4, p. 42.

XIV al-Sirdj al-munir by Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Shirblm, d. 977/1570 GAL, II, 320; 5II, 441. S: Koran commentary. Also mentioned in Mahibou and Triaud, Voila, 54. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 24?Ch. 16, p. 122?Ch. 23, p. 176?Ch. 29, p. 206; 212; 213. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 28; 30?Ch. 37, p. 44 (twice)? Ch. 38, p. 53?Ch. 39, p. 73 (twice); 76 (twice); 76; 78; 79; 81; 88? Ch. 40, p. 99?Ch. 42, p. 153 (three times)?Ch. 43, p. 161?Ch. 46, p. 191; 207?Ch. 51, p. 235; 238; 240.

XV Sharh ?ala 'l-Hikam al-cAtaDiyya by Ahmad al-Zarruq, d. 899/1493 GAL, II, 254, no. 19; also II, 143. Inv.: No. 5401. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 27.

XVI Dala?il al-khayrat by Muhammad b. Sulayman al-JazulI, d. 870/1465 GAL, II, 253f.; SII, 327. Inv.: No. 5476 and seven further entries. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 28. Rimah, II: Ch. 37, p. 37.

XVII al-Risala by cAbd al-Karim al-Qushayri, d. 465/1072 GAL, I, 432; S I, 771. Inv.: 5585. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 28?Ch. 3, p. 35?Ch. 11, p. 109?Ch. 12, p. 112; 113?Ch. 13, p. 116?Ch. 15, p. 122 (twice)?Ch. 16, p. 122?

Ch. 21, p. 157?Ch. 22, p. 170?Ch. 30, p. 218. Rimah, II: Ch. 37, p. 42; 43.

XVIII Tafsir sural al-Kahf by Ibn cAtiyya; cAtiyyat Allah b. cAtiyya al-Ujhuri, d. 1190/1779, is probably meant GAL, II, 328f.; 456; apparently what is meant is his Sharh to Suyuti's


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Tafslr al-Jaldlayn, entitled al-Kawkabayn al-nayyirayn; II, 145. S: Koran commentary. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 29?Ch. 3, p. 34.

XIX al-Hikam by Ibn cAta3 Allah al-Iskandari, d. 709/1309 GAL, II, 118; 5II, 146. Inv.: No. 5517. S: Mysticism. Quotations: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 30?Ch. 33, p. 247. Rimah, It Ch. 39, p. 72; 87.

XX ai-Qaslda al-rd?iyya by Abu Madyan, d. 598/1193 GAL, I, 438; S I, 784f. mentions as no. 13 a qasida rdHyya. S: Mysticism. Cf. Source No. XXI! Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 2, p. 30.

XXI Sharh qasldat Abi Madyan by Muhammad b. CA1I b. cAllan al Bakri, 996-1057/1588-1648 GAL, II, 390; SII, 533; also S I, 785, no. 11. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 3, p. 32.

XXII Ithaf al-zaki bi-sharh al-Tuhfa al-mursala ild 'l-nabl by Ibrahim b. Hasan al-Kuranl, d. 1101/1677 GAL, SII, 521. Inv.: No. 5402 (has al-dhaki). S: Mysticism. The work which is being commented on is al-Tuhfa al-mursala ild 7 nabl by Muhammad b. Fadl Allah al-Burhanpuri, d. 1029/1620; GAL, II, 418; S II, 617; quotations occur from Ch. 188 of Ibn al-cArabi's Futuhat; from Sadr al-Qunawi's Icjaz aUbaydn; from al-Qunawi's Hdshiya to the latter work; again from Ch. 188 of the Futuhat, and from the Muqaddima of the Futuhat. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 3, p. 32.

XXIII Tabaqat by cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/1565 GAL, II, 338, no. 43; SII, 466.



S: Mysticism; Sufi biographies. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 4, p. 36; 37?Ch. 22, p. 168. Rimah, II: Ch. 49, p. 219; 221.

XXIV Title not given, by Abu 'l-Mawahib al-Tunisi GAL, SII, 359, 1006. Inv.: No. 5474 mentions a Hizb al-nasr. Winter, Society 89,97, 183, 201; Meier, 'Auferstehung*, 37 n. 62. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 4, p. 37 (twice)?Ch. 6, p. 71. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 24.

XXV Jawahir al-macanl by CA1I Harazim Barrada GAL, SII, 876. Inv.: No. 5434; 5481; 5564. S: Mysticism. Cf. Abun-Nasr, Tijaniyya, 24f. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 4, p. 37?Ch. 5, p. 56; 57?Ch. 12, p. Ill?Ch. 13, p. 114?Ch. 14, p. 120?Ch. 16, p. 132?Ch. 18, p. 137; 139?Ch. 19, p. 148?Ch. 20, p. 155?Ch. 21, p. 166?Ch. 22, p. 169; 170?

Ch. 23, p. 175?Ch. 24, p. 181?Ch. 27, p. 196?Ch. 30, p. 217?Ch. 32, p. 231; 234; 237; 238 (three times); 239 (four times); 240 (three times); 241: 244. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 12 (twice); 13; 17; 18; 19; 20? Ch. 39, p. 69; 83; 95?Ch. 40, p. 95 (twice); 96 (twice); 99; 100; 102; 103; 105; 106?Ch. 41, p. 117; 118; 119; 128; 131; 132?Ch. 42, p. 160?Ch. 43, p. 161; 163; 173?Ch. 44, p. 182?Ch. 45, p. 184?Ch. 46, p. 187; 201?Ch. 47, p. 210?Ch. 48, p. 210; 217?Ch. 52, p. 253?Ch. 53, p. 264; 265?Ch. 54, p. 265; 267; 268; 269; 271; 274; 275; 276?Ch. 55, p. 277; 282; 283.

XXVI al-Kawkab al-sati0 by Suyuti, d. 911/1505 GAL, II, 105; SII, 89. Inv.: Probably no. 5433. S: Fiqh. This is a versification of the Jam0 al-jawamic by Taj al-Din al-Subkl (727-71/1327-70); GAL, II, 89; S II, 102; cf. also Rebstock, Sammlung, no. 667; 904; 2141. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 5, p. 52?Ch. 8, p. 89.


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XXVII Tabyln al-maharim, author unknown GAL, II, 387; S II, 524 mentions Yusuf al-Anasi al-Waciz, d. 1000/ 1591, as the author of a work with the above title.

S: Probably Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 5, p. 52?Ch. 29, p. 206; Rimah, II: Ch. 51, p. 231; 235.

XXVIII Hdshiyat al-Shaykh cAll al-Sacidi cald Sharh al-Khirshi cald Mukhtasar al-Khalll by al-SacIdI, 1112-89/1700-75 GAL, II, 84; on al-Khirshi cf Source No. VI. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 5, p. 56?Ch. 8, p. 86; 102?Ch. 27, p. 198. Rimah, II: Ch. 39, p. 92?Ch. 51, p. 228; 231; 236.

XXVIIIa Sharh al-Fashrii cald *UArbacin al-nawawiyya by Ahmad b. HijazI al-Fashnl, 2nd half of the 10th/16th century GAL, II, 305; SII, 416; also I, 396. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 6, p. 57.

XXIX al-Anwdr al-qudsiyya by cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/1565 GAL, II, 336, No. 6; SII, 465. S: Mysticism. Cf also Winter, Shacranl, 8 Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 6, p. 67?Ch. 13, p. 115 (three times).

XXX Kitab al-yawaqit by cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/1565 GAL, II, 336, no. 2; SII, 464. S: Mysticism. Cf. also Winter, Shacrdnl, 1 Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 6, p. 68 (twice).

XXX/ Sharh aUMuhadhdhab by al-NawawI, d. 676/1278 GAL, I, 387; 51, 669.



S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 6, p. 68.

XXXII Risalat al-adab, probably = al-Anwar al-qudsiyya ft bayan adab al-cubudiyya by cAbd al-Wahhab al-Shacrani, d. 973/1565 GAL, II, 337, no. 13; 5II, 465. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 6, p. 69.

XXXIII Hayat al-hayawan by al-Damlri, 745-808/1344-1405 GAL, II, 138; SII, 171. Inv.: No. 5369; 5386. S: Zoology, adab. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 6, p. 70?Ch. 8, p. 101?Ch. 30, p. 218. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 32.

XXXIlIa Title not given, by cIzz al-Din cAbd al-Salam, 590-652/1194 1254

GAL, I, 399; S I, 690. Q: fl/ma/i, I: Ch. 7, p. 72.

XXXIV Talkhis al-ikhwan. Author: 'qalafi' Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 72.

XXXV Title not given, by Ibn al-Hindi, perhaps Saf! al-Din al-Hindl, 644-715/1269-1315, is meant GAL, II, 116; SII, 141. S: Probably Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 72.

XXXV/ Sharh al-Arbacln al-nawawiyya by Ahmad b. Farah al-Ishblli, 625-99/1227-1300 GAL, I, 396; also I, 372; S I, 683; 635. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 72?Ch. 11, p. 110.


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XXXV// al-Durar, author not mentioned Inv.: Several works with the title Durar are given, cf. p. 384. Probably = Source No. XCV. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 73.

XXXV///

Sunan al-muhtadin by Muhammad b. Yusuf al-Mawwaq, d. 897/1492 GAL, SII, 375f. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 73?Ch. 11, p. 110.

XXXIX Tamhld by Abu cUmar Ibn cAbd al-Barr, d. 463/1071 GAL, S I, 629, no. 6b. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 73?Ch. 8, p. 85.

XL Title not given, by Abu Ishaq al-Shatibl, d. 790/1388 GAL, SII, 374, mentions cUnwan al-tacrifbi-usul al-takllf. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 73.

XLI Title not given, by Ibn cArafa, probably Muhammad b. Ahmad b. cArafa al-Dasuql, d. 1230/1815; cf. also Rimah, II, 187 GAL, II, 485:511,737. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 73?Ch. 8, p. 84.

XLII Title not given, by al-Qarafi, d. 684/1285 GAL I, 385; S I, 665. Inv.: Perhaps no. 5728, la-155b: 'Commentaire sur Tanqih al-fusM fi cilm al-usUl', by al-Qarafl himself; this appears in GAL, I, 506; 51, 921 (commentary on al-RazI's Mahsul). S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 73?Ch. 8, p. 84.



XLIII al-Muhadarat by al-Hasan al-YusT, 1040-1102/1630-91 GAL, II, 455; 511, 675f. S: Adab. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 74.

XLIV Title not given, by Ibn Lubb (?) Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 7, p. 75.

XLV al-Risala al-mubaraka by cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/1565 GAL. Not listed; it is possible that al-hajj cUmar changed the original title.

S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 84; 87; 88 (twice); 89; 90?Ch. 11, p. 107; 110. Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 14.

XLVI Qawanin al-ahkam al-sharciyya by Ibn Juzayy, 693-741/1294 1340

GAL, II, 264f.; SII, 377. Inv.: No. 5643. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 85; 95?Ch. 33, p. 248. Rimah, II: Ch. 51, p. 239.

XLVII Sharh cala 'l-hikam al-catd?iyya by Ibn cAbbad al-Rundi, 733 92/1333-90 GAL, SII, 358. S: Mysticism. Cf. also Nwyia, Ibn cAbbad. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 85

XLVIII Hashiya cala Sharh aUshaykh Ahmad al-Dardir by al-Dasuqi, d. 1230/1815; cf Source No. XLI GAL, SII, 98. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 86. Rimah, II: Ch. 45, p. 187?Ch. 46, p. 197;


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201; 204; 207.

XLIX Daw3 al-shumus ?ala 'l-shumu0 by Muhammad b. Muhammad al-SunbawI al-Amir al-kablr, d. 1232/1817 GAL, SII, 738. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 86.

L Sharh ?ala Lamiyyat al-cajam by Kamal al-Din Muhammad b. Musa al-Damm, 745-808/1344-1405 GAL, II, 138. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 86.

U Jam0 al-jawami? by Taj al-Din al-Subki, d. 771/1370; see also Source No. XXVI GAL, II, 89; SII, 105. Inv.: No. 5600. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 89.

Ul Kitab al^aqcfid by Muhammad b. cUmar al-Qadamisi Inv.: No. 5428; see also no. 5445; 5541. S: Theology. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 90.

UII Ida?at al-dujunna by Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Maqqarl, d. 1041/1632

GAL, SII, 408. Inv.: No. 5600 and seven further entries.

S: Theology. Also in Rebstock, Sammlung, 208, Indices: mentioned 13 times. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 90.

UV Jawharat al-tawhid by Ibrahim al-Laqanl, d. 1041/1631 GAL, SII, 436. Inv.: No. 5402 and five further entries.

S: Theology. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 90.



LV Ithaf al-murid (commentary on Source No. LIV) by cAbd al Salam al-Laqanl (the son of Ibrahim al-Laqanl) GAL, SII, 436. Inv.: No. 5650. S: Theology. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 90.

LVI Mlzan al-sharVa by cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/1565 GAL, II, 442, no. 7a. S: Fiqh. Cf also Winter, Shacrani, 8. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 91; 103.

LVII Siraj al-muluk by Abu Bakr al-Turtushl, d. 520/1126 or 525/1131 GAL, I, 459; S I, 502. S: Adab. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 93; 94.

LVIII al-Risala by Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani, d. 386/996 or 388; 390, 396 GAL, I, 177; S I, 300. Inv.: 14 copies. S: Fiqh Cf Rebstock, Sammlung, 222 (Indices). Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 95.

LIX Mukhtasar by Khalll b. Ishaq al-Jundl, d. 767/1365 GAL, II, 84; SII, 96. Inv.: 12 copies. S: Fiqh Cf Rebstock, Sammlung, 214 (Indices), 11 copies. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 95; 97.

IX Tuhfat aUhukkam by Ibn cAshir al-Makkl, 760-829/1358-1426 GAL, II, 264; SII, 375. Inv.: No. 5499. S: Fiqh; see also Traditionalismus. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 95.


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LXI al-Murshid al-mucln by Ibn cAshir, d. 1040/1630 GAL, II, 461; SII, 699. Inv.: No. 5410 and further eight copies. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 96.

LXII al-Ajurrumiyya by Ibn Ajurrum, d. 723/1323 GAL, II, 237; SII, 332. Inv.: No. 5450 and two other copies. S: Grammar.

Cf. Rebstock, Sammlung, 202, nine copies. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 96.

LXIII Khulasat Ibn Malik by Ibn Malik, d. 672/127'4 GAL, I, 298; S I, 522. Inv.: No. 5319 and 14 copies. S: Fiqh. Cf. Rebstock, Sammlung, 202. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 96.

LXIV Alfiyyat al-sanad by Murtada al-Zabldl, 1145-1205/1732-91 GAL, SII, 399, no. 27. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 96; 99 (twice); 101; 102.

LXV Hashiya cala Sharh Nur al-Din al-Ushmurii alladhi sammdhu Minhaj al-salik cala Alfiyyat Ibn Malik by Muhammad b. CA1I al-Sabban,d. 1206/1791 GAL, S I, 524. S: Grammar.

Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 8, p. 103.

LXVa al-Insan al-kamil by cAbd al-Karim al-JUl, d. 832/1428 GAL, II, 205; SII, 283. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 9, p. 104.



LXVI Tanbih al-aghbiya*; perhaps = Tanbih al-mughtarrln = Source No. XIII, by cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/1565 GAL, H, 337, no. 12; SII, 465. S: Theology (?) Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 10, p. 107.

LXVII al-Durr al-nazlm fi culum al-qur?an al-cazim by (?) cAbd al Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/1565 GAL, S II, 103, mentions a book with this title by TaqI al-Din al Subkl. S: Koran commentary. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 10, p. 107.

LXVIII al-Majmuc by al-Amlr, d. 1232/1817 GAL, SII, 738. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 11, p. 109. Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 195; 207.

LXIX Hashiya cald 'l~Majmilc by al-Hijazi b. cAbd al-Muttalib al cAdawI GAL, SII, 738. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 11, p. 109. Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 195.

LXX Sharh Aqrab al-masalik li-madhhab al-imam Malik by Ahmad al-Dardir, d. 1201/1786 GAL, II, 353; 5II, 479. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 11, p. 110?Ch. 25, p. 194. Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 201

LXXI al-Khulasa al-mardiyya by Shams al-Din al-Madyanl, d. 881/1476 GAL, SII, 151. S: Mysticism. This is one of the two works in the Rimah I have analysed in my


100 BERND RADTKE

article 'Von Iran'. For details consult that article. In this quotation Jibril al-Khurramabadhi is cited; on him see 'Von Iran', 50f. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 12, p. 112; 113?Ch. 13, p. 116?Ch. 14, p. 120? Ch. 15, p. 122?Ch. 18, p. 137; 138?Ch. 19, p. 144?Ch. 22, p. 164; 165; 169?Ch. 23, p. 174?Ch. 25, p. 191?Ch. 27, p. 198?Ch. 32, p. 241; 244. Rimah, II: Ch. 35, p. 2?Ch. 41, p. 130?Ch. 44, p. 180; 184?Ch. 47, p. 210.

LXXII Ihya3 culum al-din by Muhammad al-Ghazall, d. 555/1 111 GAL, I, 422, no. 25; S I, 748*. Inv.: No. 5651; 5690; 5721 (all are mere fragments). S: Mysticism. This quotation comes from Source No. LXXI; therefore the Ihyd3 is here a secondary source. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 12, p. 113.

LXXIII Adab al-muridin by Abu 'l-Najlb al-Suhrawardl, d. 563/1168 GAL, I, 436; SII, 780. S: Mysticism. For this source the same applies as in Source No. LXXII. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 12, p. 113 (twice).

LXXIV Bughyat al-salik by Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Sahill, d. 754/1353 GAL, II, 265; SII, 378. Inv.: No. 5299; 5331; 5383. S: Mysticism. Cf. Rebstock, Sammlung, 29, no. 327; Radtke, 'Von Iran', 43; Gril, 'Sources', 157, no. 94.

Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 13, p. 114; 116?Ch. 15, p. 120?Ch. 18, p. 140? Ch. 32, p. 232. Rimah, II: Ch. 42, p. 142?Ch. 53, p. 259.

LXXV Title not given, by al-Mukhtar b. Ahmad al-Kuntl, 1142-1226/ 1729-1811

GAL, SII, 894. Inv.: Indices, s.v., many titles. S: Mysticism. Cf. Rebstock, Sammlung, 263; Katalog, 60, no. 42.



Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 18, p. 140?Ch. 22, p. 165.

LXXVI Title not given, by Muhammad b. al-Mukhtar al-Kuntl GAL, SII, 895. Inv.: Indices, s.v., mentions several works. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 18, p. 142.

LXXVII Tuhfat al-ikhwan by Ahmad al-Dardlr GAL, II, 353, no. 7; 5II, 480. S: Mysticism. Partially translated in Bannerth, 'Khalwatiyya'. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 19, p. 143?Ch. 22, p. 166?Ch. 23, p. 174?Ch. 27, p. 197?Ch. 32, p. 240; 241. Rimah, II: Ch. 35, p. 5.

LXXVIII al-Wasaya al-qudsiyya14 by Zayn al-Din al-KhwafT, d. 838/ 1435 '

GAL, II, 206; SII, 285. S: Mysticism. Cf. Radtke, 'Von Iran', 43-8; Gril, 'Sources' 162, no. 104. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 20, p. 151?Ch. 21, p. 157?Ch. 22, p. 165?Ch. 29, p. 213. Rimah, II: Ch. 35, p. 5?Ch. 41, p. 130?Ch. 44, p. 179; 184.

LXXIX Miftah al-falah by Ibn cAta3 Allah al-Iskandari, d. 709/1309 GAL, II, 118; 511, 145. Inv.: No. 5541; 6107. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 22, p. 166?Ch. 25, p. 186?Ch. 33, p. 246.

LXXX Sharh cala asma3 Allah al-husna by al-Qushayri, d. 465/1072 GAL, 'I, 432; no. 8; S I, 772. S: Theology. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 23, p. 171.

14 This is the second of the two sources examined in 'Von Iran'.


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LXXXI Lawami0 al-anwar fi 'l-adHya wa'l-adhkar by Ibn Hajar al cAsqalanI, d. 852/1449

GAL: Title not listed; cf Source No. XCII. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 24, p. 176?Ch. 25, p. 191?Ch. 26, p. 195?Ch. 33, p. 247. Rimah, II: Conclusion, p. 284.

LXXXII Risala\ what is meant is Rayhanat al-qulub by Yusuf al-Kuranl, d. 768/1366 GAL, II, 205; S, II, 283. S: Mysticism. On this work and the author cf. Radtke, 'Von Iran', 58; probably not quoted directly but via Source No. II. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 25, p. 189?Ch. 26, p. 195?Ch. 33, p. 247. Rimah, II: Ch. 35, p. 3.

LXXXIII Kitab al-Tatwirat, author unknown Q: Rimah, I:Ch. 27, p. 197.

LXXXIV Lubab al-ta'ml by Ibn Khazin al-Shlhl, d. 741/1340 GAL, II, 109; SII, 135. S: Koran commentary. Cf. Mahibou and Triaud, Voila, 54. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 29, p. 206; 212. Rimah, II: Ch. 39, p. 73; 76 (four times); 78; 79; 88?Ch. 42, p. 152; 154?Ch. 46, p. 189; 191?Ch. 47, p. 209?Ch. 51, p. 228; 235; 237.

LXXXV al-Fath al-mubin by cAbd Allah al-Khayyat al-Harushl, d. 1170/1757

GAL, II, 460; SII, 692. Inv.: No. 5320. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 29, p. 213?Ch. 33, p. 247. Rimah, II: Ch. 39, p. 66.



LXXXVI Kashf al-hijdb wa'l-rdn can wajh as0Hat al-jann by cAbd al Wahhab al-Shacrani, d. 973/1565 GALy II, 336, no. 4; SII, 464. S: Mysticism; theology. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 29, p. 214. Rimah, II: Ch. 37, p. 43.

LXXXVII al-Kitdb al-maktum by Ahmad al-Tijanl S: Mysticism. Not mentioned by Abun-Nasr. Is this the Jawdhir al-macdni? Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 30, p. 215.

LXXXVIII Tanwir al-halak by al-Suyuti, d. 911/1505 GAL, SII, 191, no. 201. S: Theology; mysticism. Analysed by Meier, 'Auferstehung', 36ff. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 31, p. 224-30. Rimah, II: Ch. 41, p. 135.

LXXXIX cAwdrif al-macdrifby Abu Hafs al-Suhrawardl, d. 632/1234

GAL I, 440; S I, 789. S: Mysticism. Not used as a direct source but cited from Source No. I.

Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 32, p. 233. Rimah, II: Ch. 44, p. 176?Ch. 45, p. 182.

XC Title not given; probably al-Nafahat al-ildhiyya fi kayfiyyat suluk al-tafiqa al-muhammadiyya by Muhammad b. cAbd al Karim al-Samman, 1130-89/1718-75 CfALA, 1,91. S: Mysticism. On the writings of the Sammaniyya cf. ALA, I, 91-122. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 32, p. 241.

XCI Matdlic al-musirrdt by Ahmad al-Fasi, d. 1063/1653 GAL, II, 253; SII, 360. Inv. ': No. 5308; 5389; 5556. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 33, p. 246. Rimah, II: Ch. 37, p. 37; 39?Ch. 39, p.


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74; 89?Ch.41,p. 118. XCII

Lawaqih al-anwar fi 'l-adciya wa'l-asrar by Ibn Hajar al cAsqalanI, d. 852/1449. Cf Source No. LXXXI

Q: Rimah, I: Ch. 33, p. 247.

XCIII al-Sawaciq cala 'l-nawaciq by Suyuti, d. 911/1505 GAL, II, 152; 511, 188, no. 166. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 6; 10.

XCIV Title not given; accompanied by commentary by Ibn al-cArabI, d. 638/1240 S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 13; 14

XCV Durar al-ghawwas by cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI, d. 973/ 1565

GAL, II, 337; SII, 466. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 15?Ch. 43, p. 163.

XCVI Kitab al-Tara'ifby Mukhtar al-Kuntl, 1142-1226/1729-1811; = Source No. LXXV? GAL, SII, 894. Inv.: No. 5334; 5511. S: Mysticism. Cf. Rebstock, Katalog, 93, no. 64. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 16; 22.

XCVII al-Nafahat al-qudsiyya = Siniyya by Ibn Badls, d. 787/1385 GAL, SII, 214. Inv.: No. 5697; 5707; 5716. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 32.



XCVIII Sharh al-Nafahat al-qudsiyya by Ibn al-Hajj al-cAyyashi GAL, 5II, 214. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 36, p. 32.

XCIX Fard?id al-fawa^id by Muhammad al-Yadall Inv.: No. 5300; 5446. S: Mysticism. Cf Rebstock, Sammlung, 58, no. 702. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 37, p. 44.

C Targhlb al-talib ila ashraf al-matalib. Author unknown Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 39, p. 57; 60 (twice).

CI Lawamih al-anwar fi 'l-adciya wa'l-adhkar by Shihab al-Din Ahmad al-Qastallanl, d. 923/1517 GAL, II, 73; SII, 79; title not mentioned. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 39, p. 61; 62; 66.

CII Qasida (daliyya) by al-Shaykh al-Hadraml; perhaps Ahmad b. cUqba al-Hadraml, d. 895/1495 van Ess, Yasrutiya, 36, no. 25; Gril, 'Sources' 115f.; Radtke & alii, Two Sufi Treatises'. S: Praise of the Prophet. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 39, p. 67.

cm Futuhat by Ibn al-cArabI, d. 638/1240 GAL, I, 442, No. 10. S: Mysticism. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 39, p. 74.

CIV Tuhfat al-akhyar by Muhammad al-Rassac al-Tunisi, d. 894/ 1489

GAL, II, 246; SII, 345. S: Praise of the Prophet.


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Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 40, p. 111.

CV al-Tashll by Ibn Juzayy, 693-741/1294-1340 GAL, II, 265; 5II, 377. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 42, p. 148

CVl Bahjat al-nufus by Ibn Abi Jamra, d. 699/1300 GAL, I, 372; S I, 635; title not listed. Inv.: No. 5352; 5555; 5571. S: Hadith. Cf. Meier, 'Auferstehung', 42 n. 73. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 42, p. 150?Ch. 43, p. 161?Ch. 46, p. 204?Ch. 51, p. 228; 233; 240; 241.

CVll Hashiya cala Sahlh Muslim by SuyutI, d. 911/1505 GAL, S I, 266. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 42, p. 154; 155.

CV111 Hashiyat al-Bannani cala Sharh al-Zurqani by al-Bannanl, d. i163/1749

GAL, II, 84; 5II, 98. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 187; 195; 204.

CIX al-Fawakih al-dawarii by Ahmad b. Ghunaym al-Nafranl, d. 1207/1792

GAL, S II, 439, but this title is not mentioned. Inv.: No. 5272; 5273; 5295; 5305. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 193.

CX Tahqlq al-mabanl by al-Manufi, d. 939/1532 GAL, SII, 435. Inv.: No. 5711. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 194.



CXI Sharh cala 'l-Risala by Ahmad al-Zarruq, d. 899/1493 GAL, SII, 362, no. 25. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 194; 204; 207.

CXII Sharh cala 'l-Mukhtasar by cAbd al-Baqi al-Zurqanl, d. 1122/ 1710

GAL, SII, 98. Inv.: No. 5268; 5301; 5400. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 194; 197.

CXIII Sharh cala 'l-Mukhtasar by al-Khirshi, d. 1101/1689 GAL, II, 318; SII, 438. Inv.: No. 5398; 5458; 5553; 5726. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 194; 196; 201; 207.

CXIV Qarlbat al-masalik li-madhhab al-imam Malik by cAlI b. Khadiral-cAmrusI,d. 1173/1759 GAL, SII, 960, here called Awdah al-masalik. S:Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 195; 197; 201.

CXV Hashiyat al-Sabtl by Muhammad b. Mascud al-Sabti (?) GAL, S 1,909. S: Fiqh. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 195.

CXVI Tafsir by al-Qurtubl, d. 671/1273 GAL, II, 415; 511,737. S: Koran commentary. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 197?Ch. 51, p. 236.

CXVII Sharh al-cIzziyya by Ibn cAbd al-Sadiq GAL, I, 449 attributes the cIzziyya to al-Shadhill; S I, 805, however, to al-Manufi.


108 BERND RADTKE

Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 46, p. 207.

CXVIII al-Kawkab al-munir ?ald 'l-Jamic al-saghir by al-cAlqami, d. after 978/1570 GAL, SII, 183f, no. 56a. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 49, p. 217.

CXIX Fath al-bari by Ibn Hajar al-cAsqalani, d. 852/1449 GAL, II, 70; SII, 75, no. 71. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 51, p. 228; 231.

CXX al-Irshad Sharh al-Bukhari by al-Qastallanl, d. 923/1517 GAL, II, 73. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 51, p. 228.

CXXI Sullam al-ridwan li-dhawq halawat al-iman. Author unknown Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 51, p. 231; 242.

CXXII Title not given, by Wansharishl, d. 914/1508 GAL, II, 248; 5II, 348. S: Theology. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 51, p. 235.

CXXIII Masharic al-ashwaq ila masari0 dar al-cushshaq by al-Nahhas al-Dimyati, d. 814/1411 GAL, II, 76; SII, 83. S: Hadith. Q: Rimah, II: Ch. 51, p. 242.

Conclusion

Out of the 125 sources cited in the Rimah, 44 are recorded in



the Inventaire, that is more than one third of the total. On the other hand, it is surprising that the most frequently cited sources are not found in the Inventaire. We are left to speculation as to why this should be the case.

Let us consider what the following tables indicate. Table I lists the sources in their order of appearance in the Rimah, the number of times they are cited, and the subject dealt with in the source when it can be determined.

Table I

Source Quotations Subject Source Quotations Subject I 66 Mysticism XXVIII 8 Fiqh

II 16 Mysticism;theology XXVIIIa 4 Hadith III 4 XXIX 4 Mysticism IV 7 XXX 2 Mysticism

V 42 Mysticism;ethics; XXXI 1 Hadith fiqh\ theology XXXII 1 Mysticism

VI 3 XXXIII 4 Zoology ; adab VII 7 Fiqh XXXIIIa 1

VIII 25 Mysticism XXXIV 1 IX 2 Poetry; mysticism XXXV 1 Fiqh X 1 Logic; philosophy XXXVI 2 Hadith XI 16 Mysticism XXXVII 1 XII 43 Koran commentary XXXVIII 2 Fiqh

XIII 2 XXXIX 2 Fiqh XIV 31 Koran commentary XL 1 Fiqh

XV 1 Mysticism XLI 2 Fiqh XVI 2 Mysticism XLII 2 Fiqh

XVII 13 Mysticism XLIII 1 Adab XVIII 2 Koran commentary XLIV 1

XIX 4 Mysticism XLV 9 Fiqh XX 1 Mysticism; poetry XLVI 4 Fiqh

XXI 1 Mysticism XLVII 1 Mysticism XXII 1 Mysticism XLVIII 6 Fiqh XXIII 5 Mysticism; XLIX 1 Fiqh

biographies L 1 Fiqh XXIV 4 LI 1 Fiqh

XXV 84 Mysticism LII 1 Theology XXVI 2 Fiqh LIII 1 Theology

XXVII 4 Fiqh LIV 1 Theology


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LV 1 Theology LXXXIX 3 Mysticism LVI 2 Fiqh XC 1 Mysticism LVII 2 Adab XCI 6 Mysticism LVIII 1 Fiqh XCII 1 Hadith LIX 2 Fiqh XCIII 2 Hadith LX 1 Fiqh XCIV 2 Mysticism LXI 1 Fiqh XCV 2 Mysticism LXII 1 Grammar XCVI 2 Mysticism LXIII 1 Fiqh XCVII 1 Mysticism LXIV 5 Fiqh XCVIII 1 Mysticism LXV 1 Fiqh XCIX 1 Mysticism LXVa 1 Mysticism C 3 LXVI 1 Theology CI 3 LXVII 1 Koran commentary CII 1 Praise of Prophet LXVIII 3 Fiqh CHI 1 Mysticism LXIX 2 Fiqh CIV 1 Praise of Prophet LXX 3 Fiqh CV 1 Fiqh LXXI 22 Mysticism CVI 7 Hadith LXXII 1 Mysticism CVII 2 Hadith LXXIII 2 Mysticism CVIII 3 Fiqh LXXIV 7 Mysticism CIX 1 Fiqh LXXV 2 Mysticism CX 1 Fiqh LXXVI 1 Mysticism CXI 3 LXXVII 7 Mysticism CXII 2 LXXVIII 8 Mysticism CXIII 4 LXXIX 3 Mysticism CXIV 3 Fiqh LXXX 1 Theology CXV 1 Fiqh LXXXI 4 //tfrfff/i CXVI 2 Koran commentary LXXXII 4 Mysticism CXVII 1 LXXXIII 1 CXVIII 1 Hadith LXXXIV 18 Koran commentary CXIX 2 Hadith LXXXV 3 Hadith CXX 1 ffadTA LXXXVI 2 Mysticism; theol. CXXI 2 LXXXVII 1 Mysticism CXXII 1 Theology LXXXVIII2 Theology CXXIII 1 Hadith

From the data given above it is obvious that whereas the major ity of the sources are only quoted from once, a few privileged authors are quoted from very frequently. Table II makes this fact particularly clear by listing the authors that al-hajj cUmar most frequently cites, as well as the number of their books



quoted from and the number of actual quotations.

Table II

Author Books Quotations al-ShacranI 15 98 Barrada 1 84 al-Lamati 1 66 Baqli ' 1 45 al-Shirblnl 1 31 al-Zarruq 3 29 Ibn cAta3 Allah 3 23 al-Madyanl 1 22 Ibn Khazin _1_18 Total: 9 authors 27 416

If my calculations are correct, the Rimah contains between 640 and 650 direct quotations from 125 different sources. Of these, one-third stem from nine authors and 27 sources, of these again, more than one half comes from cAbd al-Wahhab al-ShacranI.

Table III listing subjects also indicates a clear preference. As one would expect, Sufism is the main preoccupation of the author. Interestingly, two-thirds of the 370 quotations on Sufism are drawn from only three authors: Barrada, al-Lamati and al-Shacram. The presence of quotations from a large num ber of works on fiqh also deserves to be noted. In addition to the 'classics' in this field, there are many newer works on dogma and fiqh. These mostly originate in Egypt, that is from al-Azhar and its affiliated circles. It is noteworthy that such works of fiqh are still entirely absent as sources for the Ibriz, which was writ ten just over 120 years before the Rimah.

Table III

Subject Quotations Books Mysticism 370 42 Fiqh 90 36 Theology 9 8


112 BERND RADTKE

Logic, philosophy 1 1 Koran commentary 99 6 Hadith 31 13 Adab 7 3 Grammar 1 1 Praise of the Prophet 2 2

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Gril, Denis, 'Sources manuscrites de l'histoire du soufisme & Dar al-kutub. Un premier bilan', Annales Islamologiques, 28, 1994, 97-185.

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Hunwick, John O., 'Sufism and the study of Islam in West Africa: The case of Al-Hajj cUmar\ Der Islam, lxxi, 1994, 308-28.

al-Lamatl, Ahmad b. al-Mubarak, al-Ibrlz min kalam sayyidi cAbd al-cAziz al-Dabbagh, ed. Muhammad cAdnan al Shammac, 2 vols., Damascus 1404-6/i984-86.

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Islam, lxii, 1985, 20-58. Nwyia, Paul, Ibn cAbbadde Ronda (1332-1390), Beirut 1961. Radtke, Bernd, 'Der Ibriz Lamatls' (forthcoming). Radtke, Bernd, Tjtihad and Neo-Sufism', Asiatische Studien,

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Documents

STUDIES ON THE SOURCES OF THE KITĀB RIMĀḤ ḤIZB AL … · HIZB AL-RAHIM OF AL-HAJJ CUMAR BERND RADTKE* Introduction Ahmad al-Tijanl (1737-1815), the founder of the Tijaniyya