Study assessment of Romanian waste market final … on the assessment of romanian waste market ... 11,3 2,5 12,3 4,92,0 56,3 10,7 ... (100 lei/tonne);

STUDYONTHEASSESSMENTOFROMANIAN

WASTEMARKET

May2017

Documentcontrolsheet

Client: InnovationNorway,Akersgt.13,0104Oslo,Norway

Project: -

ContractReference: No3/20.02.2017

Title: StudyontheassessmentofRomanianwastemarket

Preparedby Reviewedby

CONTROLAND

REVISION

OanaMușuroaea

MunicipalwasteexpertAlinaOberdörfer

PackagingwasteexpertVasileMușuroaea

CDWandindustrialwasteexpert

OanaMușuroaea

Municipalwasteexpert

DRAFTVERSION 17.03.2017 21.03.2017

FINALVERSION 27.04.2017 02.05.2017

ABBREVIATIONSLIST

AEF AdministrationoftheEnvironmentalFund

ANRSC TheNationalAuthorityRegulatingPublicCommunityServices

ATUs AdministrativeTerritorialUnits

BAT Bestavailabletechniques

BAT-AEL BAT-associatedemissionlevels

CDW Constructionanddemolitionwaste

EG EnvironmentalGuard

ELV EmissionLimitValue

EPR ExtendedProducerResponsibilityforpackaging

EU28 MemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion

IED IndustrialEmissionsDirective

IWMS IntegratedWasteManagementSystem

LEPAs LocalEnvironmentalProtectionAgencies

LPAs LocalPublicAuthorities

LIOP LargeInfrastructureOperationalProgramme

MoE MinistryofEnvironment

MBT Mechanicalbiologicaltreatment

NEPA NationalEnvironmentalProtectionAgency

NWMP NationalWasteManagementPlan

PAC PublicAmenityCenters

PAYT ‘Pay-as-you-throw’systems

PRO ProducerResponsibilityOrganisation

UCO UsedCookedOil

WEEE WasteElectricalandElectronicalEquipment

WWTP WasteWaterTreatmentPlant

TABLEOFCONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................2

2. ANALYSISOFTHEWASTEMARKETINROMANIA......................................................................2

2.1 MUNICIPALWASTE...................................................................................................................3

2.2 USEDCOOKEDOIL...................................................................................................................12

2.3 PACKAGINGWASTE.................................................................................................................14

2.4 CONSTRUCTIONANDDEMOLITIONWASTE............................................................................20

2.5 INDUSTRIALWASTE.................................................................................................................26

2.6 HAZARDOUSWASTE................................................................................................................32

2.7 SPECIALSTREAMSOFINDUSTRIALWASTE.............................................................................36

3. NECESSARYRESOURCESFORWASTEMANAGEMENTMARKETDEVELOPING..........................41

4. SPECIALENVIRONMENTALISSUESTHATNEEDTOBESOLVEDINTHENEXT5YEARS..............43

4.1 REHABILITATIONOFCONTAMINATEDSITES...........................................................................43

4.2 WATERQUALITYANDWASTEWATERTREATMENT...............................................................45

5. INSTEADOFACONCLUSION...................................................................................................48

ANNEXES

ANNEX1 Class1licensedmunicipalwastecollectionoperators

ANNEX2 Recyclingoperators

ANNEX3 DataregardingUCOcollectioninRomania

ANNEX4 Hazardouswasteincineratorsandlandfills

ANNEX5 Pictures

LISTOFTABLES

Table1:AmountsofmunicipalwastegeneratedinthelargestcitiesinRomania,2015.......................4Table2:MainobjectivesregardingmunicipalwastemanagementinRomania.....................................5Table3:Municipalwasteoperators/installations...................................................................................6Table4:Municipalwastebusinessopportunities.................................................................................11Table5:Usecookedoilwastebusinessopportunities.........................................................................13Table6:Amountofpackagingputonthemarketandtheamountofmanagedpackagingwaste,Romania,2014......................................................................................................................................14Table7:PROsauthorizedtotakeovertheresponsibilityforthemanagementofpackagingwasteon08.03.2017............................................................................................................................................16Table8:Businessopportunitiesforpackagingwaste...........................................................................19Table9:AmountsofCDW,thousandtonnes........................................................................................21Table10:CDWbusinessopportunities.................................................................................................25Table11:Amountsofnon-hazardousindustrialwastegeneratedinRomania,2014..........................26Table12:Businessopportunitiesforindustrialwaste(non-hazardous)..............................................30Table13:Businessopportunitiesforhazardouswaste.........................................................................35Table14:Necessaryresources..............................................................................................................41

WasteStudy_Romania½

2

1. INTRODUCTION

The objectives of the present study are theassessment of the Romanianwastemarket formost

important waste streams and of the resources that are necessary (in terms of human resources,

equipment, know-how/methods and services) and the identification of the most pressing

environmentalissuesinRomanianthatneedtobesolvedinthenext5years.

The study will be carried out with the aim to outline any specific gaps in the market that could

representbusinessopportunitiesinthefieldofwaste.

Theinformationusedintheelaborationofthestudyhasbeenmainlypublicinformationfromofficial

reports,EUROSTATdata,andplanningdocuments(seethebibliography).Astheauthoritythatowns

and manages waste management data in Romania (National Environmental Protection Agency -

NEPA) did not provide the requested information, representative quantitative data could not be

providedforsomesituations.

AllthenumbersusedindocumentareinEuropeanformat.

2. ANALYSISOFTHEWASTEMARKETINROMANIA

Thischapterpresentsthefollowingaspectsregardingeachwasteflow:

- The amounts of waste generated and managed at the national level - the latest data

available on theNEPAwebsite (for 2014) and the latest data available on EUROSTATweb

page(for2015)1;

- Themainstakeholders involvedandtheirresponsibilitiesregardingthemanagementofthe

specificwasteflow;

- Themostimportantoperatorsonthemarket(collection,treatment,recycling,recoveryand

disposalactivities);

- Europeanandnationalobjectiveswithregardtowastemanagement;

- Identifying gaps (at the legislative level, as well as regarding the implementation and the

resources);

Basedonthese,businessopportunitieshavebeenidentifiedandassessedattheendofeachsection

1TransmissionofnationaldatatoEurostatisdonewithin18monthsoftheendofthereferenceyear,Manualonwastestatistic,EUROSTAT2010


3

2.1 MUNICIPALWASTE

2.1.1 Amountsofgeneratedandmanagedmunicipalwaste

According to theEUROSTATdata [EUROSTAT2015], 4.895million tonnesofmunicipalwastewere

generatedatnationallevelin2015.Thegenerationindicatoris247kg/inhabitant/year,ascompared

totheEU28indicatorof476kg/inhabitant/year.Atnationallevel,sanitationserviceswereprovided

forabout82%ofthepopulation[NWMReport2016].

With regard to the composition of waste, more than half of household waste and similar is bio-

waste,followedbypaper/cardboardandplastic.

Figure1:Compositionofhouseholdwasteandsimilarwaste,2014

Source:Theconsultant’sprocessingofdatabasedon[ARSERomania2017]

Figure2:WastemanagementinRomania,2014

Of the entire amount of generated

municipal waste, around 87% was

treated2-72%waslandfilled(D1),2%

co-incinerated (R1), 6 % materially

recycled (R2, R4-R11), and 7 %

composted (R3, including home-

composted)[EUROSTAT2015].

Source:Consultantprocessingbasedon[EUROSTAT2015]

2Theremaining13%quantityisinstocksorsufferedrecoveryordisposaloperationthatmustnotbereportedtoEUROSTAT(ingeneral,operationsthatpreparethewasteforthedisposal/recoveryoperationorstorageofwastespendinganyofthedisposal/recoveryoperations).

11,3 2,5 12,3 4,9 2,0 56,3 10,7

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0%

Paperandcardboard Metals Plastic Glass Wood Bio-waste Others

72%

2% 6%

7%

13% Landfilled

Co-incinerated

Materiallyrecycled

Composted

Instocks/otheroperations


4

Table 1 presents the amounts ofmunicipalwaste generated in the largest cities in Romania. This

estimate draws on the average generation indicator of municipal waste and on number of

inhabitantsineachmunicipality[NISPOP2015].

Table1:AmountsofmunicipalwastegeneratedinthelargestcitiesinRomania,2015

Development

region

Municipality No.ofinhabitants Wastequantity

(t/year)

1 Iasi 359,843 88,881

2 Constanta 318,340 78,630

3 Ploiesti 234,248 57,859

4 Craiova 306,257 75,645

5 Timisoara 333,352 82,338

6 ClujNapoca 321,374 79,379

7 Brasov 290,935 71,861

8 Bucharest 2,108,056 520,690Source:Theconsultant’sestimatebasedon[EUROSTAT2015]and[NISPOP2015]data.

2.1.2 Responsibilitiesregardingmunicipalwastemanagement

Themainstakeholdersinvolvedinmunicipalwastemanagementare:

- Local public authorities (ATUs)3, according to the law, the only responsible for municipal

wastemanagement.Theymaydelegatetheoperationofsanitationservicesonlytocertified

sanitationoperators,ormayoperatethisserviceontheirown;

- Sanitationoperators–providecollectionandtransportactivitiesaswellastheoperationof

municipalwastetreatmentinstallations;

- Otherauthorisedcollectors–collectingmunicipalpackagingwaste;

- TheNationalAuthority Regulating Public Community Services (ANRSC) – authorisation and

controlofsanitationoperators;

- The National and Local Environmental Protection Agencies (NEPA and LEPAs) – authorize

sanitation operators and other collectors, and centralize the waste management data

providedbytheoperators;

- TheEnvironmentalGuard–controlstheactivityoftheoperators;

- TheAdministrationof theEnvironmentalFund (AEF)–collectsenvironmental taxes (in this

case,thetaxforfailuretocomplywiththenationalobjectivetoreducetheamountoflandfill

wastebymeansofrecoveryandrecycling(100LEI/tonne);ATUsareresponsibleformeeting

thisobjective).

3inthecountieswhereintegratedwastemanagementsystemswereorarebeingimplemented(34of42),allATUsusuallybelongtotheIntercommunityDevelopmentAssociation(IDA),whichrepresentstheminrelationwithsanitationoperators.


5

2.1.3 Objectivesregardingmunicipalwastemanagement

Inmostcases,theobjectivesregardingmunicipalwastemanagementweresetatthenationallevel

inordertotransposetheCommunityacquis.

Table2:MainobjectivesregardingmunicipalwastemanagementinRomania

No. Objective Currentstatusof

implementation/

achievementof

targets/objectives

Responsible Normativeact

1

Reducingthequantityoflandfilled

biodegradablemunicipalwaste(by65%

until2020)

Thelastavailabledataare

for2010–thequantityof

landfilledBMWwas

reducedby25%

[ARSERomania2011]

Romania

[GD349

2005],

transposes

Directive

1999/31/CE

2

Preparingwastematerialsforre-useand

therecycling(atleastpaper,metal,

plastic,andglassfromhouseholdsand

possiblyfromotheroriginsasfaras

thesewastestreamsaresimilartowaste

fromhouseholds)willbeincreasedtoa

minimumofoverall50%(by2020)

6%in2015

[EUROSTAT2015]ATUs

[L2112011],

transposes

Directive

2008/98/EC

3Increasingthedegreeofenergetic

recovery(atleast15%until2025)

2%in2015

[EUROSTAT2015]Romania [NWMS2014]

4Landfillofonlywastethathasbeen

previouslytreated

5%

[Consultante]Romania [GD3492005]

5Reducingthequantityoflandfill

municipalwasteby15%a(annually)

1%in2015comparing

with2014

[EUROSTAT2015]

Administrative

territorial

units

[GEO196

2005]

The Circular Economy Package, published by EC in December 2015, also includes the proposal to

amendtheframeworkDirective.Thenewlyproposedobjectivesarethefollowing:

- therecyclingofmunicipalwasteshallbeincreasedtoaminimumof55%(byweight)by2025

andtoaminimumof60%(byweight)by2030;

- therecyclingofbio-wasteshallbeincreasedtoaminimumof50%(byweight)by2025and

toaminimumof65%(byweight)by2030.

Romania may obtain five additional years for the attainment of the targets below4. As one can

notice,theintentionistoincreasetheglobalrecyclingratetoaveryhighlevel,andanewtargetis

introducedforrecyclingmunicipalbio-waste,targetwhichisalsoveryhigh.

4 AMemberStatewhichprepared for re-useandrecycling less than20%or landfilledmore than60%of theirmunicipal

wastein2013mayobtainedfiveadditionalyearsfortheattainmentofthetargets.


6

2.1.4 Currentsituationofseparatecollectionandmunicipalwastetreatmentplants

Inallthe34countieswhereintegratedwastemanagementprojectshavebeenimplementedorare

beingimplementedrightnow,theinfrastructurefortheseparatecollectionofthefollowingtypesof

recyclable waste was built: paper/cardboard, plastic, metal and glass. Thus, separate collection is

carried out in 3 fractions in 24 counties (paper/cardboard, plastic/metal and glass) in collection

points that aremost commonly equippedwith 1.1m³ containers. In 5 counties (Arad, Sibiu, Dolj,

Covasna,andBraila),recyclablewasteiscollectedbothincollectionpointsaswellasdoor-to-door.

As an exception, in 3 counties (Timiș,Neamț, andArgeș) recyclablewaste is collected together in

certainareas(thesocalleddryfraction)[NWMReport2016].

With regard to the separate collection of household bio-waste, this has been implemented or is

being implemented in11counties inurbanareas (Bihor,Arad,Mures,Sibiu,Valcea,Dolj,Harghita,

Arges,Neamt,Bacau,andVrancea)[NWMReport2016].Householdbio-wasteiscollectedseparately

inordertobecomposted.

Furthermore, waste management installations per each activity and the largest players on the

marketwillbepresented.

Table3:Municipalwasteoperators/installations

No.

Waste

management

activity

No.ofoperators/installationsandtotal

capacityComments

1Collection

andtransfer

- 345wastecollectors,ofwhich35haveaclass1license5(presentedinAnnex

1)

- 129transferstations

- Outofthe129transferstations,51arecurrentlyoperating,and78areindifferent

construction/awardingtheoperation

contractstages.

2 Sorting

- 94sortingstationsarecurrentlyoperating,withatotalcapacityof

about2.4milliont/year

- 43sortingstations,whosetotalcapacityisabout0.84milliont/year,

areindifferentconstruction

/awardingtheoperationcontract

stages.

- 9%ofthetotalsortingcapacityinoperationconsistsinsortinginstallations

forseparatelycollectedrecyclablewaste,

whiletheotherssortmixedwaste.

- the43sortingstationsthataren’toperatingyethavebeendesignedonlyfor

sortingseparatelycollectedrecyclable

waste.

3 Composting

- 26compostingstationsandplatforms

inoperation,whosetotalcapacityis

about0.19milliont/year;

- 18compostingstations,whosetotal

capacityisabout0.2milliont/year,



stages;

Thetotalcurrentcompostingcapacityatthe

nationallevelisabout10%ofthequantityof

biodegradablewastethatisestimatedto

havebeengeneratedin2014.

4Mechanical

biological

- 2MBTinstallationsareoperating,

whosetotalcapacityisabout0.12

ThetotalcurrentMBTcapacityatthe

nationallevelisabout30%ofthequantityof

5Class1licenseisobtainedforsanitationoperatorsservingover300,000inhabitants.


7

No.

Waste

management

activity

No.ofoperators/installationsandtotal

capacityComments

treatment milliont/year;

- 16MBTinstallations,whosetotal

capacityisabout1.4milliont/year,



stages.

municipalwastegeneratedin2014.

5 Landfilling

- 35landfillsinoperation,whoseavailablecapacityattheendof2014

wasabout13millionm³;

- 18landfillsareindifferentconstruction/awardingtheoperation

contractstages.

Source:TheConsultant,basedonthe[NWMReport2016]and[ANRSC2016]data.

Therearenoanaerobicdigestioninstallations6formunicipalbio-waste.

With regard to recycling and recovery ofmunicipalwaste, according to the data in [NWMReport

2016],thereareabout800municipalwasterecycling/recoveryauthorisedcompaniesatthenational

level (including preparation for recycling/recovery) in addition to the operators of the previously

mentionedinstallations.

Thecurrentrecyclingcapacitiesatthenationallevelare[NWMReport2016]:

- paperandcardboard–about665,000t/year(ECOPAPERS.A.Zărnești,AMBROS.A.Suceava,

VrancartS.A.Adjud,COMCEHS.A.Călărași,PETROCARTS.A.PiatraNeamț);

- plastic–about284,000t/yearofwhich134,000t/yearforPETwaste,and150,000t/yearfor

otherplasticwaste(someofthemostimportantrecyclingcompaniesarepresentedinAnnex

2);

- metal – about 2,700,000 t/year, of which about 2,500,000 t/year for ferrous waste, and

about 200,000 t/year for non-ferrous waste (some of the most important recycling

companiesarepresentedinAnnex2);

- glass–about122,000 t/year (treatment inviewof recycling - SCGreenGlassRecyclingSRL

PopestiLeordeni,SCTCROMGLASSSRLBucharest),andabout35,000t/year(finalrecycling-

SCSTIROMSABucharest)-therecyclingcapacityisalsousedfortherecyclingofglasswaste

resultedfromtheownproductionprocess).

Thereisenoughrecyclingcapacityforpaperandcardboardwasteascomparedtothequantitythat

should be collected separately in order to reach the 50% preparation for recovery and recycling

target for municipal waste in 2020. However, for plastic and glass waste, the current recycling

capacityistheoreticallynotenoughascomparedtothequantitythatshouldbecollectedseparately

6 Anaerobicdigestionprocessesseparatecollectedmunicipalbio-waste,intogastobeusedforheatingandpower.Theresulteddigestate,isrichinnutrientsandcanbeusedasafertilizer.


8

in order to reach the 50% target.Nevertheless, recycling capacities have developed in correlation

with the quantities of separately collected recyclable waste and the quantity of recycled waste,

whichisverylowatpresent.Thus,thecurrentrecyclingcapacityismuchlargerthanthequantitiesof

separatelycollectedrecyclablemunicipalwaste.

Withregardtotheenergeticrecoveryofwaste,accordingtothe[NWMReport2016]data,thereare

7 cement factories at thenational level that are authorized for co-incinerationofwaste, including

municipalwaste.ThesebelongtoCRHRomania,HeidelbergCementRomania,andHolcimRomania.

Thetotalcurrentprocessingcapacityatthelevelof2016isabout1.1milliontonnes.Themaintypes

ofwastethatcanbeco-incineratedaresortedmunicipalwaste,RDF,usedtyres,oilsandoilywaste,

aswellashazardousandnon-hazardousindustrialwaste.

2.1.5 Financialaspects

Themunicipal waste management tariffs are established andmodified by means of order of the

presidentofANRSC7.Thus,basedonasubstantiationnote, (which includesall thecosts related to

theservice),theoperatorproposesatariff(usuallybasedonacompetitiveprocedure).Thistariffcan

bechangedoradjustedonlyinaccordancewiththetermssetforwardbythenormativeact.

ThePolluterPaysPrincipleappliestousersofsanitationservices,domesticandnon-domesticusers,

paying for the service rendered.ATUspay for street cleaning services and for themaintenanceof

parks/gardensandgreenareasonthepublicdomain.

Theusersoftheservice(domesticandnon-domestic)paytheequivalentamountofmoneyforthe

servicetothecollectionandtransportoperator(iffinancedfromthetariff),ortheypaytoATUs(if

financed from the tax). The tariff/tax covers all the operations from collection and transport to

treatmentanddisposal. Inthecurrentpractice, inmostcases,therevenuesresultingfromsalesof

recyclable waste are not included in the tariff calculation, and they remain as profit for the

operators.

Differenttariffsareusedfordomesticandnon-domesticusers.Thus, tariffsperpersonandmonth

are used for domestic users,while for other non-domestic users, the tariff ismostly set per cubic

metre.

Operationsactivitiesintransferstations,sortingstations,compostingstations,mechanicalbiological

treatment stations, aswell as the landfill operationareusually invoicedby thoseoperators to the

collectionandtransportoperator.

The tariffs that are currently used in Romania by collection and transport operators for domestic

users (the population) vary between 1.5 lei – 13 lei/person/month. Tariffs for non-domestic users

varybetween22–383lei/m³(withoutVAT).Tariffsfortheoperationoftransferstationsare80-90

lei/tonne on average. Tariffs for sorting stations vary between 44 - 95 lei/tonne. Tariffs for

compostingstationsvarybetween53-115lei/tonne,andthoseforMBTinstallationsare68lei/tonne

7OrderoftheANRSC109/2007approvingthemethodologicalnormsofestablishment,adjustmentorchangeoftariffsforspecificactivitiesofthesanitationoflocalities


9

onaverage.Tariffsforlandfilladministrationarebetween45-95lei/tonne.(Theamountsaregiven

withoutVAT.)[NWMReport2016]

2.1.6 Gapsidentifiedinmunicipalwastemanagement

At the national level, there are a series of legislative and institutional gaps, leading to inefficient

municipalwastemanagement.Themaingapsarethefollowing:

- thelackofperformanceindicatorsregardingtheactivitiesincludedinthesanitationservice

in most of the ongoing contracts - e.g. quantity of separately collected recyclable waste

(paper and cardboard, plastic, metals, glass, biowaste) in ratio with the total quantity of

collectedmunicipalwaste,thetotalquantityofwastesentforrecoveryinratiowiththetotal

quantity of waste reaching the treatment plant (sorting, composting,MBT etc.), the total

quantityof recyclablewastesent for recycling in ratiowith the totalquantityof recyclable

wastereceivedatthesortingplantetc.;

- thelackofmethodologiestoassesstheperformanceofwastetreatmentinstallations;

- ambiguity regarding the responsibility formunicipal packagingwastemanagement (please

seethepackagingwastesection);

- thelackofqualitystandardsforcompostinRomania;

- thelackofguidelinesregardingtheimplementationofthelegislation;

- reduced technical and institutional capacity of ATUs to monitor the current sanitation

contracts, the lowdesireofATUs toapplypenalties towastegenerators (especially to the

population) in case of failure to comply with the requirements imposed in the sanitation

regulationsregardingtheseparatecollectionofwaste;

- deficiencies regarding the definition and implementation of the current economic

instruments (landfill tax, PAYT, penalties paid by ATUs and packaging manufacturers for

failuretomeettheobjectives),whichleadstoalowefficiencyintheirimplementation.

All this, togetherwiththe lackof infrastructure insomecases (seebelow),has ledtotheseparate

collectionandrecyclingofaverylowpercentage(about5%)ofthetotalquantityofmunicipalwaste.

Within the scope of this report, we shall further detail only investment gaps regardingmunicipal

wastemanagement.

- In7counties(SatuMare,Gorj,Ialomita,Bucuresti,Ilfov,Buzau,Galati,andBrasov)aswellas

in Bucharest Municipality, no integrated waste management systems have been

implemented,therearenoextendedandefficientseparatecollectionsystems,andincertain

cases, not even municipal waste treatment installations. Galati, Buzau counties and

BucharestMunicipalityarepreparingprojectstobefinancedundertheLargeInfrastructure

Operational Programme (LIOP) 2014 – 2020. At present, due to failure to complywith EC

WasteStudy_Romania½ 10

termsandconditions,PriorityAxis3–Developmentoftheenvironmentalinfrastructurewithanefficientmanagementofresourcesisblocked.

- In the 34 counties where IWMS projects have been implemented, the types ofmunicipal

wasteprovidedwithseparatecollectionequipmentarepaper/cardboard,plastic/metal,and

glass,aswellasbio-wasteinfewcases.Thereareothertypesofmunicipalwastethathave

not benefited from investments in view of their separate collection: textile waste, green

waste(resultingfromgardens,parksandgreenareas),WEEE,hazardouswastethatispartof

household waste (such as expired medicines), bio-waste resulting from restaurants,

canteens,andfoodstores,aswellasbulkywaste.

- The lack of anaerobic digestion installations for separately collected municipal bio-waste.

Takingintoconsiderationthe56%ofbio-wasteinhouseholdandsimilarwaste,theobjective

regarding the preparation for reuse and recycling of 50% (2020) will not bemet without

recycling an important quantity of bio-waste. The treatment of separately collected food

waste from the population in composting stations is not recommended from a technical

pointofviewsincecompostingstationsaremostlyusedforgreenwastetreatment.

- The lack of landfill gas recovery systems. Although almost all the compliant landfills in

operation have installed collection systems for the landfill gas, only few of them (most of

themprivate investments)have installedrecoverysystemsforthe landfillgas (thermaland

electricpower).

- Thepublicawarenessprogrammescarriedoutwithin IWMSprojectsandby the sanitation

operators (if there are such obligations set out in the contract) have failed to reach their

target. Evenwhen there is available infrastructure,usersof sanitation services (mainly the

population)collectseparatelylowquantitiesofwastewithahighlevelofimpurities.

Regardingthelargeinvestmentsplannedforthemainpublic,theNationalWasteManagementPlan

for 2014 – 2025 is currently being elaborated. For municipal waste, it stipulates the types, the

number,andthecapacityofnecessarytreatmentinstallationsinordertoreachthetargetsassumed

byRomania.ThefirstdraftofthedocumentisestimatedtobeopenforpublicconsultationinApril-

May 2017. The types of installations proposed for municipal waste treatment are the following:

sorting stations, composting stations for green waste, bio-dry mechanical biological treatment,

anaerobedigestioninstallationsforseparatelycollectedmunicipalbio-waste,andincinerationplants

withenergyrecovery.

Thelandfilltaxhastakeneffectasof2017.Thus,foreachtonneofwastedisposedinalandfill,atax

of80leiispaidtoEFA,andthiswillincreaseto120leiasof2018.Formunicipalwaste,theresultwill

notprobablybetheonethatisexpected–adecreaseintheamountofwastedisposedinlandfills.

Alongthewastemanagementchain,thecostforthistaxwillbasicallybebornebytheuser,andthe

userhasnoinstrumenttocontroltheamountontheinvoicetobepaid(e.g.PAYT).

2.1.7 Municipalwastebusinessopportunities

Municipal waste business opportunities were identified having in view the objectives regarding

municipalwastemanagementandthegapsidentifiedinthesystem.


Table4:Municipalwastebusinessopportunities

No. Businessopportunity Description Necessaryresources Scoring

1

Designand

implementationof

IWMSprojectsinSatu

Mare,Gorj,Ialomita,

Ilfov,andBrasov

counties

Accordingtotheprovisionsofthe

NationalWasteManagementPlan,

whichisbeingelaborated

Consultancyservicesfor

thedocuments

necessaryforLIOP

funding(MasterPlan,

FeasibilityStudy,the

FinancingApplication)

###

2

Settinguppublic

amenitiescentres(PAC)

forcollectinghousehold

waste

Especiallyforthetypesofwastethat

havenotbeenincludedintheobject

ofIWMSprojects–e.g.textilewaste,

greenwaste,bulkywaste,hazardous

waste.

Consultancyservicesfor

designingPAC

Constructionservicesfor

PAC

###

3

Pilotproject–bio-waste

managementatthe

levelofamunicipality

Designingandbuildingadigesterfor

municipalwastetreatment

Theprojectalsoincludesthe

implementation/enhancementofthe

separatecollectionsystemof

municipalbio-waste

Theprojectentails

consultancyservices,

construction,and

providingequipment,

trainingthefuture

operator’sstaff

###

4

Pilotproject–collection

ofhazardouswasteat

thelevelofa

municipality

Designandimplementationofa

separatecollectionschemeforthe

hazardouswasteresultingfromthe

population

Theprojectinvolves

consultancyservices

(includingpublic

awarenesscampaigns)

andpurchaseof

equipment

###

5

Pilotproject–

implementationofthe

ZeroWasteconceptatthelevelofa

municipality

Formunicipalitiesthataremore

advancedregardingtheexistenceof

separatecollectionsystemsandwaste

treatmentinstallations(e.g.Sibiu,

Arad,RâmnicuVâlcea,PiatraNeamț,

Bacauetc.)

Identificationofgapsandassistance

intheimplementationofnew

measuresinordertoreducethe

amountofgeneratedmunicipalwaste

andincreasetheamountofrecycled

municipalwaste;

Theprojectinvolvesonly

consultancyservices###

6

Pilotproject–

implementationofa

managementscheme

forexpiredfoodinorder

toreducefoodwasting

Designandimplementation,together

withoneorseveralstorechains,ofa

schemetocollectandtreatexpired

foodproducts;

Theprojectentails


purchaseofequipment,

andtrainingthefuture

operator’sstaff

###

7

Pilotproject–

automaticsorting

station

Designandbuildingofanautomatic

sortingstationforseparatecollected

recyclablewaste

Theprojectentails


construction,and

providingequipment,

trainingthefuture

operator’sstaff

###

8 Landfillgasrecovery Designandbuildingoflandfillgas Theprojectentails ###



system recoverysystemsformunicipalwaste

landfills.


providingequipment,

trainingthefuture

operator’sstaff

9

Elaborationof

guidelinesand

methodologies

Elaboration,togetherwiththe

MinistryoftheEnvironment,of:a

methodologytoassessthe

performanceofMBTinstallations,

qualitystandardsregardingthe

compost,amethodologyforthe

implementationofPAYT

Theprojectinvolvesonly

consultancyservices###

Green### Promisingopportunitiestoworkwiththemarketexist

Yellow### Someopportunitiesforcooperationwiththemarketexist

Red### Lessoptimalmarketforcooperation

2.2 USEDCOOKEDOIL

Thecategoriesofusedcookedoil(UCO)thatcanbefoundamongmunicipalwastearecode200125

–edibleoilsandfats,andcode200126*-oilsandfatsotherthanthosespecifiedin200125.The

quantityofusedcookedoilcollected in2014was1,400tonnes,ofwhichabout1,300tonneshave

beenrecovered.[NWMReport2016]

There are no specific legislative requirements for this category of waste (the object of the

governmentaldecisionthatregulatesthemanagementofusedoilsismineralusedoils).Ifcompanies

inHORECAhavetocollectUCOseparatelyjustlikeanyothercategoryofgeneratedwaste(obligation

stipulated in the environmental permits), there is no normative act establishing this for the

population.

ThereisnocentraliseddataatthenationallevelregardingthequantityofgeneratedUCO.According

to [ECOFYS2013], intheEU-27, it is3.55milliontonnes,which isequivalentto8 litresofUCOper

capita8.IfweapplythisindicatortothepopulationofRomania,itresultsinatotalvolumeofabout

158,000m3.

There is no extended practice regarding UCO collection in Romania. There are a series of non-

governmental associations carrying out projects in which UCO is collected from the generator

(Bucharest,Timisoara,Constanta).Thepopulationcanalsotakeusedcookedoiltogasstations(only

one chain has provided recipientswhere people can bringUCO), or to the companies that collect

UCO from HORECA and from the industry. In Timisoara Municipality, the water supply company

8 ‘Thisestimate, includes thegastronomy sector, foodprocessorsandhouseholds, andwasbasedonanassessmentof

both collected and discarded UCO in ten EU Member States, which was then extrapolated to the whole EU. The

contribution of the domestic sector is 1.748 million tonnes per year, of which it is the Intelligent Energy for Europe

Programmein2009facilitatingtheuptakeofUCOtoproducebiodiesel’


(AQUATIMSA)hasestablishedUCOcollectionpointsfromthepopulationintheirownpremises.The

collection degree ismuch higher in HORECA and the industry – there are several companies that

collectUCO.Theinterestishigheras,inmostcases,UCOgeneratorsreceiveacompensationforthe

amountofUCOdelivered– freshoilorevenmoney).Along thechain, thecollectedquantitiesare

senttobrokers,andcollectorsreceivebetween1and2lei/litreofUCO.Brokersensurethetransport

of the amounts received /collected mostly to countries in Western Europe (Austria, Germany,

Hungary),tobiodieselfactories(whichreceive600–700Euro/tonne).

Inordertobeabletocharacterisethecurrentsituationregardingthecollectionandmanagementof

usedcookedoil,wecontactedthecompaniesthatcollectUCOaswellastheNGOsthatcarriedout/

are carryingoutUCOcollection campaigns from thepopulation.Thedata is given inAnnex3. The

quantitiescollectedfromthepopulationarequitelow.ThepracticeofcollectingUCOfromHORECA

andfromthe industry ismorecommon.Themainwaytorecoverusedoil is inmanufacturingbio-

diesel,whilemostofthecollectedquantitiesareexported.

Inconclusion,themaingapsidentifiedarethefollowing:

- ThelackoflegislativeprovisionsontheseparatecollectionofUCOfromthepopulation;

- ThelackofUCOcollectionsystemsfromthepopulationextendedatthenationallevel;

- Very low awareness of the population regarding the impact of spilling UCO into sewage

systemsontheenvironment.UCObusinessopportunitieswereidentifiedhavinginviewthe

gapsidentifiedinthesystem.

Table5:Usecookedoilwastebusinessopportunities

No.Business

opportunityDescription

Necessary

resourcingScoring

1

Pilotproject–

designand

implementaUCO

collectionsystem

frompopulation

ItisnecessarytoidentifyaUCOcollectionsystemfrom

thepopulation that isable to support itselfevenafter

financing ends. At present, the players (mostly NGOs)

collectingUCOfromthepopulationcannotsupportthis

service on the long term, and companies that collect

UCO in HORECA are not interested in collecting also

fromthepopulationsincethequantitiesaretoosmall.

The identified collection system must also take into

accountlocalspecificity.

Consultancy

services,

equipment

acquisition

###

2

Carryingout

awareness

campaigns

regardingthe

impactofUCOon

theenvironment

Thecampaignscarriedoutatthelocalornationallevel

mustplaceanemphasisontheimpactofspillingUCO

insewagesystemsontheenvironment.

Consultancy

services###

Green### Promisingopportunitiestoworkwiththemarketexist

Yellow### Someopportunitiesforcooperationwiththemarketexist



2.3 PACKAGINGWASTE

2.3.1 Amountsofpackagingandpackagingwaste

According to the legalprovisions in force, theeconomicoperators releasingpackagingandpacked

products on the market, producer responsibility organisations (PROs), collecting, recycling, and

recoverycompanies,aswellaslocalpublicauthorities(LPAs)mustreportannually,byFebruary25th,

tolocalenvironmentalprotectionagencies(LEPAs),dependingoneachcase,thedataregardingthe

amountofpackagingputonthemarket,andtheamountofmanagedpackagingwastepertypeof

material.Everyyear,LEPAstransmitcentralizeddatatoNEPAbyMay1,atthelatest.Thereported

dataiskeptinanationaldatabaseorganizedatNEPA’slevel.

Althoughdataisreportedannuallyforthepreviousyear,thelatestdatapublishedbyNEPArefersto

2014 [ARSE Romania 2015]. It must be stated that the latest data published by EUROSTAT9 for

Romania is for 2012. Thus, before the data is sent and published by EUROSTAT, national data for

2014canstillbemodified.

The Commission Decision 2005/270/EC establishing the formats relating to the database system

pursuant to Directive 94/62/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on packaging and

packagingwastestates inart.2thatpackagingwastecanbeconsideredasequaltotheamountof

packagingputonthemarketforthesameyearinthatparticularmemberstate.Thisprovisionisalso

usedbyRomania.

Packagingwaste have two sources of generation:municipal packagingwaste (which canbe found

withinhouseholdwasteandsimilarwaste),andpackagingwastefromindustryandcommerce.The

national database on packaging and packaging waste doesn’t include data on the amounts of

packagingwastepergenerationsource.Basedonthedataregardingthestructureofhouseholdand

similarwaste,itisestimatedthatpackagingwastefromthepopulationandsimilarwasteareabout

60%ofallpackagingwaste,whilewasteresultingfromindustryandcommerceareabout40%[NWM

Report2016].

Table 6: Amount of packaging put on the market and the amount of managed packaging waste,

Romania,2014

Typeof

packaging

material

Amountofpackagingputonthe

market/Amountofpackaging

wastegenerated

(tonnes/year)

Recycledpackagingwaste Recoveryofpackaging

waste

Amount

(tonnes/year)

(%)

Amount

(tonnes/year)

(%)

Glass 164,521 89,103 54.2 89,103 56.0

Plastic 336,818 149,769 44.5 155,353 51.4

Paperand

cardboard 388,017 323,556 83.4 325,024 83.8

Metal 65,666 42,147 64.2 42,147 55.5

Wood 289,691 77,071 26.6 90,680 30.9

Other 24 0 0.0 0 0.0

Total 1,244,737 681,646 54.8 702,307 56.4

Source:[NWMReport2016]

9http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/waste/database,accessedonMarch2017


The generation indicator of packaging waste in 2014 in Romania was 62 kg/inhabitant and year,

while in EU-28 it was about 163 kg/inhabitant and year10. The fact that the packaging waste

generation indicator is much lower in Romania as compared to the European average can be

explainedbythelargenumberofpopulationinruralareas,withalowconsumptionrate.Inaddition,

anotherexplanationcouldbethatnotalltheeconomicoperatorsthatputpackagingonthemarket

havereportedthedataortheyhavereportedlowerquantities.

Withregardtorecycling/recoveryrates,RomaniawaswaybelowtheEuropeanaveragein2013(with

arecyclingrateof52.8%ascomparedtotheEU-28rateof65.3%,andarecoveryrateof54.5%as

comparedtotheEU-28rateof79.2%)11.

Currently, at the country level there are 710 authorised economic operators for collection of

packaging waste [NWM Report 2016]. The operators are both sanitation operators and other

operators specialised only for packaging waste collection. For the sorting of municipal packaging

wasteareusedthesortingplantsformunicipalwaste(Table3).Themostamountofthepackaging

wastefromcommerceandindustryistransporteddirectlytotherecyclingfacilities.

2.3.2 Responsibilitiesregardingpackagingwaste

In accordance with the provisions of the European legislation, but also according to national

legislation, the economic operators putting packaging and packed products on the market are

responsibleforthemanagementofsuchwaste.

Law no. 249/2015 on the management of packaging and packaging waste, further amended and

completed[L2492015]states thateconomicoperatorsputtingpackagingandpackedproductson

the market are responsible for ensuring the management of packaging waste on the national

territory.Theseresponsibilitiescanbecarriedout:

• individually;

• by means of transfer of responsibility, based on a contract, to another company that is

authorisedbythecentralpublicauthorityforenvironmentalprotection(ProducerResponsibility

Organisation–PRO).

Thus,even if this isnotanexplicit requirementofDirective94/62/EConpackagingandpackaging

waste, Romania, as the majority of EU member states, has opted for the Extended Producer

Responsibilityschemeinthemanagementofpackagingwaste(EPRscheme).

TheEPRschemehasbeeninplaceeversince2004,whenthefirstPROwassetupandauthorisedin

ordertotakeovertheresponsibilityforthemanagementofpackingwaste(ECO-ROMAMBALAJE).

10Generationindicatorshavebeencalculatedfortheresidentpopulation,EUROSTATdata(http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=demo_pjan&lang=enaccessedonMarch2017).ThequantityofpackaginggeneratedinEU-28isprovidedbyEUROSTAT(http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=env_waspac&lang=enaccessedonMarch2017)11Recycling/recoveryratesforRomaniaaretakenfrom[NWMReport2016],whileforEU-28,theseareprovidedbyEUROSTAT(http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Packaging_waste_statisticsaccessedonMarch2017)


Table7:PROsauthorizedtotakeovertheresponsibilityforthemanagementofpackagingwasteon

08.03.2017 PRO’sname Operatinglicense

S.C.ECOLOGIC3RS.A. Operatinglicenseno.3of27.09.2013

S.C.SOTAGRUP21S.A. Operatinglicenseno.2of27.09.2013

S.C.ECO–XS.A. Operatinglicenseno.1of27.09.2013

S.C.ECOPIMRECYCLINGS.A. Operatinglicenseno.4of16.10.2013

S.C.ROMPACKMANAGEMENTS.A. Operatinglicenseno.5of19.03.2014

S.C.NEXTECORECYCLINGS.A. Operatinglicenseno.6of14.01.2015

S.C.FEPRAINTERNAȚIONALS.A.Operatinglicensebasedonthedecisionofthecourtmeeting

no.4016/13.12.2016

S.C.ECO-ROMAMBALAJES.A.Operatinglicensebasedonthedecisionofthecourtmeeting

no.75/17.01.2017

Source:TheMinistryofEnvironment(http://www.mmediu.ro/categorie/comisie-ambalaje/196,accessedonMarch2017)

Accordingto [JASPERS2016],10PROswereauthorised in2014,andS.C.ECO-ROMAMBALAJES.A.

was the largest one (52%market share). Also, [JASPERS 2016] states the fact that the number of

producerswho transferred responsibility to 6 PROs (the largest ones of the 10 that are currently

authorised) in 2014 was about 33% of the total number of producers who put packaging on the

market.

PROs are authorized by the Commission for authorizing companies in order to take over theresponsibilityforthemanagementofpackagingwaste,setupwithintheMinistryofEnvironment.

According to the provisions of the current legislation, within the operation system of the EPR

scheme,PROscollaboratewith:

- companiesthatareauthorisedtocollectandrecycle/recovermunicipalpackagingwasteand

packagingwasteresultingfromindustryandcommerce(contracts–openmarket);

- sanitationoperatorswhoareresponsibleforcollectingandrecycling/recoveryofmunicipal

packagingwaste(contracts–openmarket);

- Administrative Territorial Units (ATUs) – entering into partnerships in order to provide

equipment for the separate collection of municipal packaging waste and carrying out

awarenesscampaigns.

The management of packaging waste as well as reaching the recycling /recovery targets for

packagingwastearecontrolledby:

- TheNationalEnvironmentGuard–acknowledgesinfringementsandimplementssanctionsin

case of failure to comply with the legal provisions on packaging and management of

packagingwaste;

- ATUs - acknowledge infringements and implements sanctions in casemunicipal packaging

wastegenerators fail tobringbackpackagingwaste resulting from theproductsbought in


the special areas provided by the retailers, or they fail to hand them over to sanitation

operatorsortotheauthorisedcollectionoperators;

- TheAdministration for the Environmental Fund – assesseswhether the recycling/recovery

targets forpackagingwastehavebeenmetbytheeconomicoperators incharge, including

PROs, and implements a penalty of 2 Lei/kg for the difference between the amount of

packaging waste corresponding to the minimum recycling /recovery objectives and the

amountsofpackagingwastethatwereactuallyrecycled/recovered[GEO1962005].

2.3.3 Objectivesandtargetsregardingpackagingwaste

The objectives regarding the recycling/recovery of packaging waste assumed by Romania in the

EuropeanUnionAccessionTreatyare:

- recycling60%of theweight forpaper and cardboard, and recycling50%of theweight for

metalby31December2008–notransitionperiodwasrequested;

- recycling15%of theweight forwoodby31December2011– the transitionperiodwas3

years;�

- the global recycling objective of 55%, global recovery objective of 60%, the recycling

objectives of 22.5% of the weight for plastic, and the recycling objectives of 60% of the

weightforglassby31December2013–atransitionperiodof5years.

According to [NWMReport 2016] and Table 6, it can be noticed that neither the global recycling

targetnortheglobalrecoverytargetwerereachedin2013andin2014.Also,therecyclingtargetfor

glasswastewasnotmetin2013andin2014.

ThePackageofCircularEconomy,publishedbyECinDecember2015,alsoincludestheproposalto

amend the Directive on packaging and packaging waste. The newly proposed objectives are the

following:

- aminimumobjectivepreparedforreuseandrecycledof65%for2025,and75%for2030;

- a minimum objective for preparing for reuse and recycling for the specific materials

containedinpackagingwaste:

o plastic-55%in2025;

o wood-60%in2025,and75%in2030;

o ferrousmetal-75%in2025,and85%in2030;

o aluminium-75%in2025,and85%in2030;

o glass-75%in2025,and85%in2030;

o paperandcardboard-75%in2025,and85%in2030.

Onemaynoticethattheintentionistorisetoaveryhighlevelbothfortheglobalrecyclingrate,and

for recycling rates per type of material. We must also take notice of the large increase in the

recyclingratesforwoodandplastic(forwood,from15%atpresentto60%in2025,and75%in2030,

andforplastic,from22.5%atpresentto50%asof2025).


2.3.4 Currentsituationofcollectionandrecycling/recoveryofpackagingwaste

Theseparatecollectionofhouseholdandsimilarwastehasnotbeenextendedatthenationallevel

yet.This fact isconfirmedbythe low levelof recyclingofmunicipalwaste, that is6% in2015 (see

Table2).Therefore,theseparatecollectionofmunicipalpackagingwaste,whichismostlycarriedout

bysanitationoperatorstogetherwithmunicipalwaste,isalsoverylowatpresent.

The largedegreeof recycling ismainlydue to theseparatecollectionofpackagingwaste resulting

from industry and commerce, as well as to the collection ofmunicipal packaging waste by other

authorised operators than the sanitation operators, and to informal collection (mainly extracting

recyclablewastefromlandfills).

Thecurrentrecyclingcapacitiesforpaperandcardboard,plastic,metal,andglass,aswellastheco-

incinerationcapacitiesarepresented in section2.1.4.With regard to recyclingofwoodpackaging,

there are about 20 recycling companies in Romania at present.Most of them ensure repairing of

woodpallets.ThemaincompaniesthatproviderecyclingofwoodpackagingareshowninAnnex2.

Asitisstatedinsection2.1.4,thereisenoughrecyclingcapacityforpaperandcardboard,aswellas

formetalatpresent.Thecurrentrecyclingcapacitiesforwood,glassandpossiblyplasticpackaging

arenotenoughifrecyclingtargetsareincreasedascomparedtothecurrentlegislationinforce.


According to [JASPERS 2016], the average fees charged from PROs to producers per tonne of

packagingrangefrom€8.85to€16.96/t.

According to [EC BIO 2014], in the EU, the fees charged to producers per tonne of household

packagingwastevaryfromlessthan€20to€200.

Thus,theaveragefeespaidbyRomania’sproducerstoPROsarebelowthelowestEUvalue,whichis

duetothefactthatPROsdonotpaythenetcostsofmanagingpackagingwaste,butonlybonusesto

wastemanagementoperators.

2.3.6 Gapsidentifiedinpackagingwastemanagement

Themaingapsofthecurrentpackagingwastemanagementsystemarethefollowing:

- Technicalissuesregardingpackagingwastemanagement:

o Theseparatecollectionsystemofmunicipalpackagingwasteispoorlydevelopedat

thenationallevel;

o The current recycling capacities forwood, glass andpossiblyplasticpackaging are

not enough if recycling targets rise as compared to the provisions of the current

legislation;

- Legislativeissues:

o The current definition in the legislation for individual responsibility infringes the

principleappliedinEPRschemesattheEuropeanlevel;thisprinciplestipulatesthat


individual responsibility refers to theirownproducts thatproducers releaseon the

nationalmarket;

o ThecurrentlegislationdoesnotincludeanyclearprovisionsonPROsorganizational

andfinancialresponsibility;

- Institutional/organizationalissues:

o The current legislation does not stipulate any operating rules for a competitive

systemwithseveralPROs;

o There are issues regarding the correlation of the provisions of the sanitation

legislation and the legislation on packaging and packaging waste. Packaging

legislationstatesthatpackagingwastecanbecollectedfromthepopulationbothby

sanitation operators and by other authorised collectors; however, according to

sanitation legislation (Law 101/2006), the local public authority is the only one

responsibleformunicipalwastemanagementthroughsanitationoperators;

- Financialandinvestmentissues:

o The current legislation does not include clear provisions on the financial

responsibilityofPROs.Thus,atpresent,formunicipalpackagingwaste,responsibility

transferorganizationspaybonuses tosanitationoperatorsand recyclers insteadof

thecostofpackagingwastemanagement,thatisreflectedinthewastemanagement

tariff.

2.3.7 Businessopportunitiesforpackagingwaste

The business opportunities in the field of packaging waste management, identified based on the

requirementsofthecurrentsystem,arepresentedinthetablebelow.

Table8:Businessopportunitiesforpackagingwaste


1

SettingupanewPRO,

possiblyevenasingle

PROatthenational

level

ConsideringthefactthatPROshave

currentlytakenoverresponsibilityfor

lessthan50%oftheproducersthat

releasepackagingandpackedproducts

onthemarket,thereisstillroomand

potentialforsettingupanewPRO.This

isalsosupportedbythefactthatmost

PROsarefacingcredibilityissuesdueto

thefactthatthecontrolscarriedoutby

theAdministrationforthe

EnvironmentalFundin2015identified

amountsofpackagingwastedeclaredas

recycledthathavenotactuallybeen

recycled.

Inaddition,consideringthefactthatthe

currentEPRschemeisexperiencing

problemsinitsoperation,settingupa

singlePROatthenationallevelislikely

(thisisalsoarecommendationof

[JASPERS2016])

Themarketanalysis

regardingthe

producersthatare

likelytojoinanew

PRO.Settingupand

operatingthePROin

accordancewiththe

Europeanandthe

nationallegislation.

###



2

Settingupa

“clearinghouse”12

systemifthe

competitivesystem

withseveralPROsstays

inplace

Ifthecompetitivesystembasedon

severalPROsremainsinplace,

coordinationfromacentralorganization

isrequired;thisorganizationcanbe

publicorprivate,anditwillestablish

rulesandresponsibilities,andwill

ensuretheimplementationofreal

competitivepracticesinordertoavoid

marketdistortionsanddysfunctional

behaviours.Settingupthecentral

“clearinghouse”organizationwillbea

measureincludedintheNationalWaste

ManagementPlan.

Consultancyservices

toproducersandto

theMinistryof

Environmentinorder

tosetupthe

“clearinghouse”

organization

###

3

Providingretailerswith

reversevending

machinesforglass

packagingforbeer,

soda,andmineral

water

Followingthelatestlegislativechanges

andtheimplementationoftheNational

ProgrammeforthePreventionofWaste

Generationinthenearfuture,the

voluntarydeposit-refundsystemfor

glasspackagingwillexpand.

Providingreverse

vendingmachines###

4

Buildingnewrecycling

capacitiesforwoodand

glasspackagingwaste

Ifthenewobjectivesproposedinthe

CircularEconomyPackageareapproved,

newrecyclingcapacitiesaregoingtobe

necessaryasof2025,especiallyfor

woodandglasspackagingwaste.

Themarketanalysison

therequirementsfor

recyclingcapacities

Consultancyservices

fordesigningthe

recyclingfacility

Constructionworksfor

therecyclingfacility

###

Green### Therearepromisingopportunitiestoworkwiththemarket

Yellow### Therearesomeopportunitiesforcooperationwiththemarket


2.4 CONSTRUCTIONANDDEMOLITIONWASTE

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is the waste resulting from construction, refurbishing,

rehabilitation, repairing, and consolidation works, as well as from the demolition of civil and

industrialbuildings,urbanstructuresandinfrastructure,andfromdredgingandunsilting.

Thegeneratorsofconstructionanddemolitionwasteare:

- Thepopulationcarryingoutconstruction/rehabilitation/maintenanceworks;

12isapublic/privateorganisationwhichsetouttherulesandresponsibilitiesandensurethatrealcompetitivepracticesprevailtoavoidmarketdistortionsanddysfunctionalbehavior


- Public institutions and companies carrying out construction, refurbishing, and

decommissioningworks.

2.4.1 Amountsofconstructionanddemolitionwaste

According to thecurrent legislationandpractice,all the stakeholders involved in themanagement

system of construction and demolition waste report annually to Local Environmental Protection

Agencies (LEPAs) that collect, validate, and process the data. LEPAs send the data to theNational

Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), where the data are centralised. The reported data are

storedinthenationaldatabasesforconstructionanddemolitionwaste.

TheamountsreportedbyLEPA/NEPAarebasedonstatisticalestimatesandonthedatareportedby

thesanitationoperatorsandbytheoperatorsofCDWtreatmentfacilities.Wemuststateherethat,

duetothefactthattheconstructionactivitiesdonotneedenvironmentalpermit,theconstruction

companiesdonothavetoreporttheCDWgenerated.

Thereportingofamountsofconstructionanddemolitionwasteisasfollowing:

- Thepopulationcarryingoutinteriorrefurbishingandrehabilitationworksoftheirindividually

owned houses /apartments must exclusively request to the sanitation operator to collect

constructionanddemolitionwaste-thedataonCDWfromthepopulationarereportedby

thesanitationoperator;

- Publicinstitutionscarryingoutconstructionanddemolitionworksmustsignacontractwith

anauthorisedoperators-thedatacollectedonCDWfrompublicinstitutionsarereportedby

theauthorisedoperator);

- Constructioncompaniesmustkeeprecordsofthetypesandamountsofwastegeneratedin

accordancewith the provisions of GD no. 856/2002 on recordingwastemanagement and

approvingthelistofwaste,includinghazardouswaste.Constructioncompaniesmustreport

theserecordstoLEPAupontheirrequest.

Thetablebelowshowsthedatareportedbysanitationoperatorsbetween2010-2014aswellasthe

amountsreportedbycompanies:

Table9:AmountsofCDW,thousandtonnes

Category

CDWthousandtonnes/year

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

AmountofCDWfromthepopulationand

companies–reportedbysanitationoperators

498 532 481 375 422

AmountofCDWreportedbycompanies 1,529 1,804 1,581 1,820 1,814

Total 2,027 2,336 2,062 2,195 2,236

Source:[NWMReport2016]

The data above clearly show that the generation indicator for Romania is much lower than the

European average. Considering the current situation in the sector of construction and demolition

wasteandtheresultsofrecentstudies,itcanbeassessedthattheamountsofCDWgeneratedatthe

nationallevelhavebeenunderestimated.Thiscanbeexplainedbasedonthefollowingcauses:


- Part of the CDW generated by the population is mixed with household waste, and it is

collected in containers provided for households waste (without any request for special

containersusedfortheseparatecollectionofCDW);

- SanitationoperatorscollectonlyapartofCDWasthecoveragedegreeofsanitationservices

wasabout81.59%in2014atanationallevel;

- The largenumberofcompaniesand thecurrent reportingmechanisms thatcannotensure

thecorrectrecordingofthiswasteflow;

- Problems regarding thedata collection system; there is still nocorrelatedmethodologyon

estimatingtheamountsofCDWresultedfromconstructionand/ordemolitionsites.

2.4.2 ResponsibilitiesforCDW

In Romania, generators are mainly responsible for waste management. They can manage the

generated waste either in their own facilities or by handing it over to companies authorized to

collect,recoverand/ordisposeofwaste.Thetransferofwaste(basedonacontractoranotherlegal

validdocument)toathirdpartydoesnotfullyexoneratethegeneratorfromitsresponsibility.

[L2112011]stipulatesinart.22thattheproducerofwasteor,accordingtothecase,theownerof

wasteshall carryout treatmentoperationsasstipulatedby legalprovisions,orshall transfer these

activities toacompany that isauthorised to treatwaste,or toapublicorprivatewastecollection

operator. The producer or owner that transfers waste in view of preliminary waste treatment

operationsbeforerecoveryordisposalremainsresponsiblefortherecoveryordisposaloperations,

art.23of[L2112011].

The National Environmental Guard is in charge of controlling waste management operations,

including C&D waste. Local Police is another institution with competences in environmental

protection.Thus,inthetermsofthisreport,localpolicechecksifthelegalprovisionsregardingthe

collection,transport,andlandfillofmunicipalandindustrialwastearemet.

2.4.3 ObjectivesandtargetsregardingCDW

The objectives regarding an increase in the degree of reusing and recycling construction and

demolitionwastehavebeenphasedoutuntil2020accordingtothe legislation (Law211/2011and

GEO68/2016),asfollows:

Annual obligations of companies that have received construction/demolition authorisations

regarding the level of preparation for re-use, recycling and other material recovery operations,

includingfillingandbackfillingoperationsusingwasteinordertoreplaceothermaterials13:

- minimum30%oftheamountofwasteresultingfromconstructionactivitiesin2017;



- minimum70%oftheamountofwasteresultingfromconstructionactivitiesin2020.

13article17(3)ofLaw211/2011regardingwastemanagement,asamended


Itisimportanttostatethat,inapplyingandcalculatingtherelevantamountsaccordingtothetargets

above, onemust take into account the rules set out in the CommissionDecision of 18November

2011establishingthenormsandthemethodsofcalculationusedinordertocheckiftheobjectives

in article 11 paragraph (2) of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and Council have

beenmet, aswell as the REGULATION (EC) No. 2150/2002OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND

COUNCILof25November2002onstatisticsregardingwastebasedonthedataprovided, including

theprovisionsofGEO68/2016stipulating,inthenewdefinitionofthesetypesofwasteinAnnex1

toLaw211/2011:

9.waste–anysubstanceorobjectthatisthrownawaybyitsownerorthatthelattermustorintendstothrowaway;

91. construction and demolition waste – waste that corresponds to the waste codes provided inchapter17oftheannextotheCommissionDecision2014/955/EU,exceptforhazardouswasteandnaturalgeologicalmaterials-Accordingtothedefinitionofcategory170504.

Itisnecessarytoreceiveclarificationsonthisredefinitionofthewasteclassfromtheauthority.

2.4.4 Currentsituationofcollectionandrecovery/disposalofCDW

RegardingthetreatmentandrecoveryofCDW,itcanbenoticedthattherelevantdataregardingthis

fieldaremissing.Thedataextractedfrom[NWMReport2016]showthattheauthorisedcompanies

that own treatment/recovery facilities for inert construction and demolition waste (crushing

facilities) are located in the following counties: Alba, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bucharest, Buzau, Cluj,

Covasna, Dâmboviţa, Galati, Ilfov, Mures, Neamţ, Olt, Prahova, Sibiu, Timis. In addition to these

private operators, somemunicipalities have developed their own services specialised in this field:

Mediaș,inSibiucounty;Dej,inClujcounty;Panciu,inVranceacounty.

Accordingtothedataavailable[NWMReport2016],thereare34facilitiescrushingformineral/inert

CDW at the national level, whose total estimated capacity is about 3 million tons/year (no

informationontheircapacitywasreceivedfor7ofthe24facilities).

Withregardtorecovery,theamountofmateriallyrecoveredCDWisabout1,783,334tonnesofthe

generated amount of 1,813,584 tonnes (in 2014), that is 98%. However, this percentagemust be

carefullyconsideredasitcertainlydoesnotstandforthequantitiesofCDWrecoveredin2014.The

valuesreportedbyNEPAincludenotonlytheamountsgeneratedin2014,butalsothosegenerated

in the previous years, possibly those temporarily stored on site. As far as the current recovery

practiceisconcerned,theamountofbackfillingisthelargest.

Thesevaluesillustratetwocharacteristicsituations(factualstates):

- It is obvious that Romanian stakeholders involved in waste treatment operations for thiscategoryofwastehavetheactualcapacitytoproperlyhandlewaste;

- Ontheotherhand,therearestillmanyissuesregardingdatareportingandcontrol.

Landfilling of CDW remains the current practice for all those types of waste that have notimplemented a recovery procedure. All types of non-combustible waste are considered in here,including the new generation of waste (especially mineral thermal insulators, plasterboard,


decorating ceramics). The amount of landfilled CDW is still insignificant in the general volume ofgeneratedwaste.2.4.5 Financialaspects

CDWmanagement,fromthepointofviewofcosts,isalwaysincludedinthebreakdownofexpenses

of the construction works. There are very few cases when the issue of goodwastemanagement

practice on site is taken into consideration during the decisional process in order to award an

enterprisecontract(publicorprivate).

Therefore, we practically cannot speak about an effective cost breakdown for this segment.

However, good practice has been implemented. On large sites, the constructor always treats the

mineral fraction of CDW mechanically (crushing and sorting, usually on site). As far as the

energetically recoverable fractions are concerned (co-incineration), the prices imposed by cement

factoriesandtheirdedicatedoperatorsareused.

Asfarasthewastequotaintendedfordisposalisconcerned,thelocaldisposalpricesareusedboth

fornon-hazardouswasteandforhazardouswaste.

The financial instrument of the landfill tax, which was actually implemented in 2017, has

considerableeffectsontheCDWDquotaintendedfordisposal.Thisisbecause,atleastforthesites

withongoingactivity,thesecostshavenotbeeninternalizedinthepreviouslysignedcontracts.

2.4.6 Gapsidentifiedinthemanagementofconstructionanddemolitionwaste

Themost importantdrawbacks fromthepointofviewof the impacton thesectorofwork, in the

goodmanagementofCDWare:

- Procurementofservices(privateandpublic)inthissectorbasedonthelowestpriceprinciple–

this has led in time to a decrease in the market and even to abandoning certain practices

compatiblewiththeconceptofsustainabledevelopmentandcirculareconomy.Therefore,many

timesandmostoftenonsmallsizesites,theproblemofwasteisnotapproachedcorrectly;

- The first notable consequence of the previous point was and still is the exaggerate use of

backfilling.Manytimes,thiswayofrecoveringinertwastemasksdisposalinlandfills.

- The data collection and reporting system starts from several “grey areas”, which are really

importantfortheflowof information.Howthecodesforrecoveryanddisposaloperationsare

used,aswell as themechanismsused for correcting redundant reporting (thedoubleor triple

reportingof the samequantityofwaste transferredbetweencompanies) shouldbe subject to

urgentimprovement.Thisaspectischaracteristictothewholeinformationmanagementsector

inthewastefield,butitpeaksintheCDWfield.

- ThelackofnormsregardingthequalityofthematerialresultedfromCDWtreatment(theendof

the waste status for the sector of recycled aggregates) makes the advanced recovery of the

usefulpotentialofthesematerialsdifficult.

- Theabsenceofviablesolutions(techniques,facilities,services)forcertaintypesofCDW,mostly

for the new generation of waste, combustible or not (polystyrene, mineral wool, insulating

panels,plasterboard,sanitaryceramics,etc.).


- Thelackofanetworkofcentresforsorting/temporarystorage/preparationandlocaltreatment

spatially distributed so that the problem of transporting large volumes of waste over long

distancesisminimised.

2.4.7 BusinessopportunitiesforCDW

ThebusinessopportunitiesinthefieldofCDWmanagement,identifiedbasedontherequirementsof

thecurrentsystem,arepresentedinthetablebelow.

Table10:CDWbusinessopportunities

No.Business

opportunityDescription

Necessary

resourcingScoring

1

Elaborationand

publicationof

guidelinesand

instructionson

theactual

applicationof

legislativetexts

Atafirstglance,clearanddetailedpublicinformation

shouldbeprovidedon:

• Clarificationsontheassessmentmethod/certifying

howthetargetsassumedbyRomaniaaccordingto

Art.17(2pointb)ofLaw211/2011aremet,

includingtheclarificationofthenewdefinitionof

constructionanddemolitionwasteaccordingto

GEO68/2016(excludinghazardouswasteand

wasteexcavatedfromthesoilofClass17

correlatedwiththeintroductionofpreparationfor

recoveryobjectives)

• Clarificationsonthefilling/backfillingactivities

eligibleinviewoftheprovisionsArt.17(2pointb)

ofLaw211/2011

• Legislativeclarifications(MinisterialOrder)on

promotingthemethodologiesandthemechanism

forendingthestatusofwasteinRomania.

Consultancy

services###

2

Pilotprojects

dedicatedtothe

generalCDW

flows

Implementationofanetworkoflocalcentresfor

temporarystorage/sortingandpreparationfor

recoveryinordertooptimizethecostsofoperations

duetoareductionintheamountoftransportinOPEX

Consultancy

services,

design,

equipment/

technologies

###

3

Pilotprojects

dedicatedto

dedicatedCDW

flows

Itisnecessarytodefineagoodpracticeforcertain

typesofnewgenerationCDW(mineralinsulators,

polystyrene,sandwichpanels,etc.)

Consultancy

services,

design,

equipment/

technologies

###

4

Extendingthe

goodpracticeon

themanagement

ofwastethat

containsasbestos

Itisnecessarytoexpand(thenumberandtheregional

spreading)thecapacitiesforthedisposalofwastewith

asbestoscontent.Atthesametime,itisnecessaryto

definegoodpracticeandthesectorialpolicyregarding

decommissioningandcompliantdisposalofasbestos-

cementplatesthatarestillusedmassively(privately

andpublicly)

Consultancy

services,

design,

equipment/

technologies

###





2.5 INDUSTRIALWASTE

2.5.1 Amountsofindustrialwaste

Industrialwaste stands forwaste resulting frommanufacturing processes. It can be classified into

threelargecategories:

- Waste resulting from mining industry (CAEN 05-09, chapter 01 of the European List of

Waste);

- Wasteresultingfromprocessingindustry(CAEN10-33,chapters02.02-02.07,03,04,06-09,

10.02-10.14,11,12oftheEuropeanListofWaste);

- Waste resulting from the production and supply of electric and thermal power, gas, hot

water,andairconditioning(CAEN35,chapters05,10.01oftheEuropeanListofWaste).

Industrialwastecanbe furtherclassified intohazardousandnon-hazardouswaste. Informationon

hazardouswasteisgiveninsection2.6.

Inaccordancewiththeprovisionsof[GD8562002],therearethefollowingreportingrequirements

regardingindustrialwastedata:

- Companiesthatgeneratewastemustkeeprecordsof theirownwaste,andsendtoLEPAs,

upontheirrequest,theannuallycentraliseddata;

- Companies that are authorised for collection, transport, temporary storage, recovery and

disposalmustkeeprecordsofwaste,andtheymustreport toLEPAsupontheir requestor

upon a request from other competent authorities of the local and central public

administration.

At the national level, in order to keep record of industrial waste management, NEPA and LEPAs

organise the annual statistical reporting. On the date of drawing up this report, the latest data

availableregardingindustrialwastemanagementarefor2014.

Table11:Amountsofnon-hazardousindustrialwastegeneratedinRomania,2014

Typeofindustry

Amountofnon-hazardousindustrial

waste*

(tonnes/year)

Miningindustry 182,375,085

Processingindustry 4,344,891

Productionandsupplyofelectricandthermalpower,gas,hot

water,andairconditioning6,871,205

Total 193,591,181

Source:[NWMReport2016],*Thedatareferonlytowastespecifictoproduction,andtheydon’tincludewastesimilartodomesticwasteorotherflowsofwastenotresultingdirectlyfromproduction


Asitcanbenoticed,non-hazardouswasteresultingfromtheminingindustrystandsfor94%ofthe

total non-hazardous industrial waste. However, it should be stated that this type of waste is not

regulatedbytheprovisionsof[L2112011],anditisregulatedbyspeciallegislation14.

Withregardtonon-hazardous industrialwasteresultingfromtheprocessing industry,accordingto

thedatapresentedin[NWMReport2016],thelargestamountisgivenbywasteresultingfromthe

woodprocessing industryand from thechemical,metallurgical, siderurgical industry, including the

typographicindustry(eachcategoryisabout40%).

2.5.2 Responsibilitiesregardingindustrialwaste

Theresponsibilityforthemanagementofindustrialwastebelongsentirelytogenerators.Thesecan

manage the generated waste either on site in their own facilities, or they can delegate this to

companiesthatareauthorizedtocollect,recoverand/ordisposeofwaste.

[L2112011]states inart.22thatthewasteproduceror,dependingonthecase,thewasteowner

shallcarryouttreatmentoperationsinaccordancewiththelegalprovisions,orshalltransferwaste

toacompanythatisauthorizedforwastetreatment.Theproducerorownerthattransferswastefor

preliminarytreatment inviewofrecoveryorfinaldisposalremainsresponsibleforcarryingoutthe

recoveryordisposaloperations(art.23[L2112011]).

Besidesthecompaniesthatgeneratewaste,thereisanotherimportantcategoryinindustrialwaste

management,namelycompaniesauthorizedforthecollection,transport,andtreatmentofindustrial

waste.

[L2112011]provides inart.22(2)thefactthatcompaniesthatareenvironmentallyauthorizedto

collect and transport must only take waste to facilities that have been authorized for treatment

operations.

TheNationalEnvironmentalGuardisresponsibleforcontrollingindustrialwastemanagement.

2.5.3 Objectivesandtargetsregardingindustrialwaste

Themainobjectivesregardingindustrialwastemanagementcanbefoundinthelegislation:

- [L2112011]includesanobjectiveregardingthepreventionofwastegenerationbesidesthe

objectivespresentedinsection2.5.2–allthecompaniesoperatinginindustrymustdrawup

andimplementaprogramtopreventandreducetheamountofwastegeneratedfromtheir

ownoperation,ordependingonthecase,wasteresultingfromeachproductmanufactured.

Thishasbeeninplacesince2012,anditalsoincludesmeasuresinviewofacertainproduct

design,andmeasurestomitigatewastehazardousness.

- [GD 349 2005] provides in art. 7 (5) thatwaste can be landfilled only if it has undergone

previoustreatmentoperationsthataretechnicallyfeasibleandmeetthelegalrequirements.

14GD856/2008regardingmanagementofwasteresultedfromminingindustry


In addition to the legislative requirements, both generators of industrial waste and companies

authorized to collect and treat industrial waste must meet the provisions included in the

environmentalpermits.

[NWMS2014]doesnot includeanyobjectiveor targets specific formanaging thiswaste flow,and

NWMPisbeingelaboratedrightnow.

2.5.4 Currentsituationofcollectionandrecovery/disposalofindustrialwaste

Themanagementofnon-hazardousindustrialwasteisdoneeitherintheirownrecoveryordisposal

facilities, or in other authorised facilities. If recovery /disposal is performed in other authorised

facilities,thegeneratorsorauthorisedcollectorsareresponsibleforthetransporttothesefacilities.

Recoveryofindustrialwaste

Accordingto[NWMReport2016],in2014,non-hazardousindustrialwastewasmanagedasfollows:

- Wasteresulting fromtheprocessing industry–about4.4milliontonswererecovered,and

0.3milliontonsweredisposedof(includingpreviousstocks);

- Waste resulting from the production and supply of electric and thermal power, gas, hot

water, and air conditioning – about 0.3million tonswere recovered, and 6.5million tons

weredisposedof.

Ifweconsiderthetotalquantityofgeneratedwaste,itisobviousthatthewasteresultingfromthe

woodprocessing industryand from the chemical,metallurgical, and siderurgical industrieshas the

largestportionofallrecoveredwaste.

Ofthetotalquantityofrecoverednon-hazardousindustrialwaste,energeticallyrecoveredwastehas

the largest quantity (R1 – used mainly as fuel or another source of energy), as well as

recycling/recoveryoforganicsubstances(R3).

[NWMReport2016]mentionsthefactthatabout800companieswereauthorisedfortherecovery

ofnon-hazardousindustrialwastein2016.

Disposalofindustrialwaste

Accordingto[NWMReport2016],thereare13 landfillsfornon-hazardouswasteatpresent.These

belong to companies operating in the processing industry. A non-hazardous waste landfill that

belongs to S.C.VITALIA SALUBRITATEAPRAHOVAS.R.L., located inBăicoi town,Prahova county, is

authorizedforprocessing inviewofdisposalofnon-hazardous industrialwastereceivedfromthird

parties.

Partofthenon-hazardousindustrialwasteisdisposedinmunicipallandfills.



Considering thewide range ofwaste included in this category and thewide variety of treatment,

disposal,andrecoverytechniquesused,wecannotprovidetheexactmanagementcostsforthistype

of waste. The market for services is a free market, there is strong competition among suppliers

(thesearemostlycompaniesthatensurecollection,sometimestreatmentandtransferofwasteto

recoveryordisposalfacilities).

Based on the practice and the information in the field, unit costs, including the whole chain of

operations, fornon-hazardouswaste varybetween25and210Euro/tonne [Consultant e]. Certain

flowsofwastewithintrinsicvalue(e.g.paper,oils)canbecollectedeitherforfreeorevenbypaying

acertainprice.

2.5.6 Gapsidentifiedinindustrialwastemanagement

Themaingapsidentifiedinindustrialwastemanagementarethefollowing:

- Companiesoperatinginindustrymustcarryoutandimplementaprogrammetopreventand

mitigate the amount of waste generated, including measures to decrease hazardousness,

basedonawasteaudit(theymustapplythepreventionprinciple).Atpresent,theseaudits

andprogrammesareeithernotbeingcarriedout,orareformallycarriedout (internally, in

manycases),andtheiractualpurposeisnotmet.Atthemoment,therearenoguidelineson

howtocarryouttheseauditsandprogrammesatthenationallevel.

- Thereisnorelevantpublicinformationavailableonthequantitiesofwastegenerated,based

oncodes,operationalsectorsandregions, inordertoallowinvestorstodoabusinessplan

grounded on actual data (lack of transparency). There is a similar situation regarding the

informationaboutthecompaniesthatcollectandrecover/disposeofwaste.Thelackofdata

also affects the elaborationof strategies andwastemanagementplans at the institutional

level.

- AtNEPA’slevel,thereistheonlinereportingsystemforthequantitiesofwastegeneratedor

collected (SIM). As far as SIM is concerned, there are gaps that do not allow the actual

operations carried out on waste flows to be recorded in the system, both in terms of

operationtypeandintermsofthequantitiesoftreatedwaste.ThatiswhythedatafromSIM

mustbecarefullyconsidered.

- Due to the fact that certainnon-hazardouswaste landfills haveobtainedauthorisations to

receivenon-reactivestablehazardouswastetoo,theseauthorisationshaverequiredthatall

non-hazardouswasteshallmeetthecriteriaspecifictotheleachabilitytest(CouncilDecision

2002/33/EC).Manynewlandfillsdonotacceptnon-hazardousindustrialwaste.Thereisalso

the legal requirement demanding a kind of technically feasible waste treatment prior to

landfilling. Certainwaste flowson theway to landfilling (e.g.wastewith plenty of organic

substancesresultingfromfood industry)currently fail tocomplywiththerequirementsset

out in the legislationand in theauthorizationsof the landfills.Basically, thereareno legal

management solutions for thesewaste flows at present, and they are received at landfills


only by stating the fact that there are no alternative technically feasible solutions. These

technicalsolutionsexistbuttheyarenotavailableinRomaniaforthetimebeing.

- Proper waste management requires that waste is sorted out by codes as accurately as

possible. Also, a proper characterisation ofwaste is necessary, including the properties of

waste and a proper assessment of hazardousness. This requirement regarding the

characterization of waste and assessment of waste hazardousness is mandatory for

hazardous waste or potentially hazardous waste (e.g. mirror codes). At present, these

characterizations are either missing, or they are often improper and irrelevant for that

specific waste flow (insufficient number of tests as compared to the quantity of waste,

inadequate testing, faulty assessment of the test results). Moreover, where there are

characterisations thatcanprovideusefuldata, theseareoften ignoredbyoperators in the

field.Thereisnoupdatednationalguideontheclassificationandcharacterisationofwaste.

- InRomania, there are stock-pilesofwaste resulting fromoreprocessing that areprivately

managed (e.g. pyrite and phosphogypsum: Turnu Magurele, Bacau, Valea Calugareasca,

Navodari).Thesearenotproperlyensuredandtheyposecertainrisksfortheenvironment.

Also,thematerialinthesestock-pilesisnotproperlyrecovered.

- Alargepartofthewasteresultingfrompowerproductionisdisposedofby landfilling,and

thematerial recovery targets (e.g. recovery in constructions for flying ashes, gypsum) and

thetreatmenttargetsestablishedintheNWMP2004–2014arenotmet.

2.5.7 Businessopportunitiesforindustrialwaste

Table12:Businessopportunitiesforindustrialwaste(non-hazardous)


1

Providingnew

technologiesfor

treatingnon-hazardous

industrialwastein

ordertoenhance

recoveryoracceptance

inlandfills

Non-hazardousindustrialwasteisnot

acceptedincompliantlandfillsbecause

itdoesnotmeettheacceptancecriteria

forlandfillingduetothelackofinitial

treatment,orduetothefactthatthe

landfillhasn’tbeenauthorisedforthat

particularcode.Moreover,thenew

landfilltaxdecreasesthelikelihoodof

disposalinlandfills.Treatmentofsuch

wastebecomesfeasible(e.g.biological

treatment,dehydration,stabilization,

etc.)inordertoencouragematerialor

energeticrecovery),ortomeetthe

acceptancecriteriaforlandfillingifno

otheroptionsareavailable.

Adetailedanalysisof

themarketregarding

therelevantwaste

flowsandtheparties

thatareinterestedin

purchasingsuch

technologies

(generators,waste

treatmentcompanies,

landfills).Consultancy

services,design,supply

ofequipment,

installation,

commissioning,staff

training,maintenance

andservice.

###

2

Buildingnewstorage

capacitiesfornon-

hazardousindustrial

wastewhenthereare

nootheroptions

Certain types of non-hazardous waste

have no other feasible option than

disposal in landfills.Atpresent, there is

only one landfill for non-hazardous

industrial waste. It is recommended to

Consultancyservices

forenvironmental

authorities,local

authorities,landfill

operators,investorsin

###



availableforthistypeof

waste.Supplying


technologies,

execution.

analysetheoptionsregardingextending

the authorisations of the current

landfills in order to accept this type of

waste (possibly equipping them with

additionaltreatmentfacilities),and,only

where it is necessary, to build special

regional landfills, while considering

disposal requirements for hazardous

waste(mixedlandfills)

thisfield.

Supplyingconsultancy

services,design,

materialsand

equipmentnecessary

forbuildingthese

landfills.

3

Ensuringandrecovery

ofthecontentofore

stock-piles

Therearehistorical ore stock-piles (e.g.

pyrite and phosphogypsum) that have

notbeenproperlyensured, thusposing

riskstotheenvironment.Thematerialin

thesestock-pilesisnotrecovered.

Consultancyservices

anddesignforthe

ownersofthesestock-

piles.

Testingthematerialin

stock-pilesinorderto

establishrecovery

options.

Providingtechnical

solutions,equipment

andmaterials.

###

4

Recoveryand

treatmentofwaste

resultingfrompower

production(flying

ashes,gypsum)

This type of waste is not sufficiently

recovered or treated, according to the

targets established in the current

NWMP.

Marketanalysis,

consultancyservices

anddesign;

Testingthematerial;

Supplyingequipment

andconsumables.

###

5

Elaborationofa

nationalguideonaudits

andwasteprevention

andminimizing

programmes

Therearemajorgapsincarryingoutand

implementing these audits and

programmes as there is not a single

practiceinthefield.

Consultancyservices

fortheMinistryof

Environment.

Consultancyservices

forcompaniesinorder

todoauditsandplans.

###

6

Elaborationofa

nationalguidefor

classifyingand

characterisingwaste,

bothatthegeneral

levelaswellas

dedicatedtocertain

majorwasteflows

There are major gaps in coding,

assessing and characterising waste due

to the lack of clear regulations in the

field.

Consultancyservices

fortheMinistryof

Environment/NEPA

###





2.6 HAZARDOUSWASTE

Hazardous waste is waste that presents one or several of the hazardous properties presented in

Annexno.4a[L2112011].

Accordingtothesourceofgeneration,hazardouswastecanbe:

- Municipalhazardouswaste;

- Industrialhazardouswaste;

- Hazardouswastefromagriculture;

- Hazardous waste from special waste flows (packaging waste, WEEE, batteries and

accumulators,C&D,healthcarewaste,sludgefromusedwatertreatment).

Thefollowingchaptersonlyrefertothefirsttwocategoriesofhazardouswaste.

2.6.1 Amountsofhazardouswaste

Municipalhazardouswaste

According to [NWM Report 2016], there are no data regarding the generation of municipal

hazardous waste at the national level. This type of waste is collectedwith the title of exception.

AccordingtoEUROSTATdata,thegenerationaverageofhazardousmunicipalwasteinUE28was5

kg/inhabitant/yearin2008,risingto7kg/inhabitant/yearin2012.

IndustrialhazardouswasteAccording to [ARSERomania2015], in 2014, 431,714 tonnesofwastewere generated inRomania

fromeconomicprocesses,asfollows:

- Miningindustry–206,857tonnes;

- Oilprocessingindustry,coalcoking–54,725tonnes;

- Manufacturingofchemicalsubstancesandproducts–7,180tonnes;

- Metallurgicalindustry–33,226tonnes;

- Machineryandequipmentindustry–10,010tonnes;

- Automotiveindustry–24,210tonnes;

- Otheractivities95,506tonnes.

2.6.2 Responsibilitiesregardinghazardouswaste


Themain stakeholders and their responsibilities are the same as formunicipalwaste (see section 2.1.2).

Industrialhazardouswaste

The stakeholders and the responsibilities presented for non-hazardous industrial waste (section

2.5.2)arealsovalidforhazardousindustrialwaste.


Moreover, [L 211 2011] also provides specific responsibilities for hazardous waste management,

namely:

- Hazardouswaste producers/owners, aswell as the companies environmentally authorised

forcollection,transport,temporarystorage,treatmentorrecoveryofhazardouswastemust

collect,transportandstoreseparatelythedifferentcategoriesofhazardouswaste;

- Controls regarding hazardouswastemanagement are performed by approved institutions;

such controls are aimed at the origin, destination, as well as the measures taken by the

wasteproducerinordertopackandlabelwaste;

- ThetransportofhazardouswasteontheterritoryofRomaniamustcomplywiththespecific

legislation;

- Itisforbiddentomixhazardouswaste;

- Labellingofhazardouswaste.

2.6.3 Objectivesandtargetsregardinghazardouswaste


Atpresent,thelegislationprovidesnootherobjectivesthantheresponsibilitiesmentionedinsection

2.6.2.

Sanitation operators, who are responsible for themanagement of municipal hazardous waste on

behalfoflocalpublicauthorities,mustmeettheperformanceindicatorsregardingthemanagement

ofthiswasteflowincludedinthedelegationcontracts.


Regardinghazardousindustrialwaste,inadditiontotheresponsibilitiesmentionedinsection2.6.2.,

there are legislative objectives applicable both to hazardous waste, and to non-hazardous waste

(section2.5.3).

Besidesthelegislativerequirements,bothgeneratorsofindustrialwasteandcompaniesauthorized

tocollectandtreatindustrialwastemustmeettherequirementsincludedinenvironmentalpermits

aswellasthelegislativeprovisionsregardingthetransportofhazardouswaste.

[NWMS2014]doesnot includeanyobjectivesor targetsspecific tomanagingthiswaste flow,and

NWMPiscurrentlybeingelaborated.

2.6.4 Currentsituationregardingthecollectionandrecovery/disposalofhazardouswaste


Localpublicauthoritiesdelegatetheresponsibilityforcollectingandmanaginghazardousmunicipal

waste to sanitation operators. This responsibility has actually appeared in the awarding

documentationsofdelegationcontractsonlyinthelasttwoyears.Infact,theseparatecollectionof

hazardousmunicipalwastehasnotbeenimplementedatthenationallevelyet.

Whenhazardousmunicipalwaste is collectedseparately, it ismanaged inauthorized facilities that

alsoreceiveindustrialhazardouswaste.



Therearecompaniesthatareauthorisedtocollectandtransporthazardousindustrialwaste.

According to [NWM Report 2016], the largest amount of industrial hazardouswaste generated is

recovered. However, we must notice the fact activity R12 takes the largest part of the recovery

activities(morethan43%).This isnotanactualrecoveryactivity,anditstandsfortheexchangeof

wasteinordertoexposeittooneoftherecoveryactivities.Thesecondrecoveryactivityintermsof

itsquantitativeimportanceisenergeticrecoveryfromco-incinerationR1(over42%).Thus,material

recyclingactivitiesstandforabout10%ofallrecyclingactivities.

[NWMReport2016] shows the fact that,atpresent, thereareabout50companiesauthorized for

thetreatmentandrecoveryofhazardous industrialwaste,exceptcementfactories,atthenational

level.

Regardingthedisposalofhazardouswaste,[NWMReport2016]mentionsthatthemostcommonly

usedmethodsin2014wereD9–physical-chemicaltreatment(about42%),D10–incineration(about

28%), and D5 – building special landfills, for example, storage in separate sealed compartments

(about15%).

Accordingto[NWMReport2016],therearecurrently12incinerationfacilitiesatthenationallevel.

These facilities treat industrialwaste takenover fromthirdparties.Thereare7 facilities that treat

industrialwastegeneratedfromtheirownactivities.Withregardtolandfilling,thereare10landfills

forhazardouswasteatpresent.Of these,only2 receivewaste from thirdparties,while theother

landfillsbelong togenerators.Details regarding theoperatorsof incineration facilitiesand landfills

areprovidedinAnnex4.


Considering thewide range ofwaste included in this category and thewide variety of treatment,

disposalandrecoverytechniquesused,wecannotprovidetheexactmanagementcostsforthistype

of waste. The market for services is a free market, there is strong competition among suppliers

(mostlycompaniesthatensurecollection,sometimestreatmentandtransferofwastetorecoveryor

disposalfacilities).

Basedonthepracticeandtheinformationinthefield,unitcostsforhazardouswaste,includingthe

wholechainofoperations,varyapproximatelybetween100and440Euro/tonne.Therearehigher

pricesforcertainspecialtypes(e.g.PCB),[Consultante].Certainwasteflowswithintrinsicvalue(e.g.

oils)canbecollectedforfree.

2.6.6 Gapsidentifiedinhazardouswastemanagement

Themain gaps identified in hazardous waste management, supplementary to those presented in

section2.5,arethefollowing:

- The lack of collection systems for hazardous municipal waste from the population. Only

retailers have such collection points for certain flows of hazardous waste (batteries,

fluorescent lamps). However, the population does not always dispose of these types of


hazardous waste here due to a lack of information or to the lack of any sanctions for

disposingofsuchwastetogetherwithdomesticwaste.Thus,thelargemajorityofhazardous

wastefromthepopulationreachesdomesticwastelandfills.

- Accordingto[L2112011],wastemustbelabelledsimilartochemicalproducts,accordingto

[REG 1272 2008]. In most cases, this requirement is not met. This labelling involves a

complex assessment of the hazardous chemical properties of the type ofwaste, including

hazardstatementsandprecautionarystatements,aswellasthehazardpictogramsaccording

tothelegislationavailableforchemicals,especiallysincetherearedifferencesbetweenthe

criteriaforestablishingthehazardousnessofakindofwasteandofachemicalproduct.

- The consultant’s experience shows that thereareproblemswith the temporary storageof

wasteattheowners’premises,especiallywithinsmallcompanies.

- InRomania,therearestillnon-compliantpitsforwasteresultingfromoilrefinaries(Ploiesti,

Campina, Darmanesti). These pits need to be rehabilitated as contaminated sites by

treatment/disposal/recoveryoftheresultingwaste.

- ThereareonlytwohazardouswastelandfillsforthirdpartiesintheSouth-EastofRomaniain

thecontextofanintenseindustrialactivitygoingonintheNorth-WestofRomania.

2.6.7 Businessopportunitiesforhazardouswaste

Table13:Businessopportunitiesforhazardouswaste


1

Buildingcentresfor

collectinghazardous

wastefromthe

population

Duetothelackofcollectingmunicipal

hazardouswaste,mostofitreaches

municipalwastelandfills.Itisnecessary

tobuiltlocalcentreswithagood

coverageintheterritory,togetherwith

implementingsanctionsfordisposalof

hazardouswastetogetherwith

domesticwaste.

Providingconsultancy

tolocalauthoritiesand

operators.

Designingcollection

centres.

Pilotprojects.

Equipmentforthe

collectioncentres.

###

2

Improvinghazardous

wastemanagement

withtheowners

Accordingtolegalrequirementsandto

goodpractice,itisnecessarytoprovide

specialareasforstoringhazardous

waste,usingpropercontainersand

secondaryretentionsystems.

Itisnecessarytolabelproductssimilar

tochemicalproducts.

Consultancyand

design.

Supplyingequipment

andcontainers.

###

3

Decommissioningpits

thatcontainoilwaste

anddecontaminating

thesites

There are historical pits containing oil

products that must be environmentally

cleanedanddecontaminated.

Consultancyand

design.

Laboratorytests.

Supplyandoperation

ofthenecessary

equipment.

###

4Buildingnewstorage

capacitiesforhazardous

There is no other feasible option for

hazardous waste than disposal in

Adetailedmarket

analysis.###



waste.Providing

consultancy,

technologies,

execution.

landfills.Atpresent, thereareonly two

landfills for hazardous waste that

receive waste from companies in the

South-EastofRomania.

Consultancyfor

environmental

authorities,local

authorities,landfill

operators,investorsin

thefield.

Providingconsultancy,

design,materialsand

equipmentforbuilding

landfills.




2.7 SPECIALSTREAMSOFINDUSTRIALWASTE

Theeconomicactivity inRomaniaduring thisdevelopmentstage (10years followingEUaccession)

shows several characteristics and particularities. Two aspects have been taken into account in

selectingspecialstreamsofindustrialwaste:

- Thetypeofgeneratingactivityanditseconomicweight(includinggeographicaldistribution);

- Thecharacteristicsandthequantitativedimensionofthewastestream.

Thus, the teamof experts has selected the following generic typesofwaste (notwaste classes or

wastecodes):

- Wastewithalargecontentoforganicmatterresultingfromfoodindustry;

- Wastespecifictosurfacetreatmentactivities;

- Wastespecifictomechanicalprocessingoperations.

Eachof these categories is representedwell both in termsof numberof generationpoints and in

termsofquantities.

2.7.1 Wastewithalargecontentoforganicmatterresultingfromfoodindustry

Itincludesonlytypicalorganicwaste,withoutanycontaminantsthatmightjeopardizetheirpossible

recovery (includingagricultural)butwhichdoesn’tmeet the requirement regarding thecontentof

organicmatter inorder tobe accepted for landfilling (this is expressedbymeansof thedissolved

organiccarbonindicator).

Twotypesofwastecanbegenericallyincludedinthiscategory:


- Sludge resulting from the treatment of their own effluents, when no sanitary - domestic

effluentsareintroducedinthewatertreatmentplants.Inthiscase,weusuallyhaveasludge

cakewithacontentofvolatileorganicmatterofabout70%d.s.,TOC1525–30%d.s.

- Sludgeresultingfromfilteringproducts(usingkiesselguhr)forbeerandvegetaloil.Inthese

situations,waste ismainly inorganic (the siliceousmatrix is themain constituent), and the

contentofvolatileorganicmattersvariesbetween10-20%d.s.,TOC0,5-20%d.s.

The quantities of these types of waste have not been quantified at the national level yet. As a

consequenceoftheexplanationsthathavebeenpreviouslyincludedinthisreport,regardingthelack

ofasingleandsometimesfairpracticeusedincharacterisingandclassifyingwaste(non-hazardous,

inthiscase)inRomania,thesix-figurecodesusedforclassifyingthesametypeofwastecomingfrom

twodifferentgeneratorscanbedifferent.

The estimates of the project team indicate an annual generation level of 15,000 – 25,000

tonnes/yearforthebeerandfoodoilindustries.

The current options for these types ofwaste are extremely limited, and it is basically disposed in

landfills.

Themarketservicesspecifictothisfieldareunusuallysmallsincenoprivateoperatorauthorisedto

treat/recoverthesetypesofwastehasbeenidentified.

Thecontentofbiodegradableorganicmatterofthetwotypesofwaste(largerthan3%s.u.)indicates

thenecessityofassessingthedifferentpossibilitiesofrecoveryofthispotential–eitherdirectlyby

means of anaerobe fermentation, or associated to other properties of these types ofwaste – for

example,asfertilizers.

Ontheotherhand,nomatterifthereisorthereisn’taviablerecoveryoption,anytypeofdisposalin

alandfillmustbeprecededbypriortreatmentinordertocomplywiththefollowingtwoconditions:

- Reachingacontentofdrymatterofminimum35%,and

- Stabilizingthebiodegradablecontent(makingitinert).

Romania has imposed a provision regarding theminimumhumidity of sludge that ismeant to be

disposed of in landfills, and the value of 35% is impossible to get bymeans of technologies that

involve reasonable costs. On the other hand, controlling if the biodegradable content has been

stabilisedhasnotbeenregulatedorevencommenteduponintheofficialtextsofthisprofessional

field in Romania. It is expected that the revisedNationalWasteManagement Planwill clarify this

aspect.

Mostofthenewlybuilttreatment/disposalfacilities(builtfrompublicfinancing)eitherdon’taccept

manufacturingwasteor theyhaven’tbeencommissionedyet. Thegeneral characteristic is thatall

thetreatment/disposalfacilities(exceptcementfactoriesandsomelandfillsdevelopedasPPP)are

publicinvestments,intendedalmostexclusivelyforpublicservice.

15TotalOrganicCarbon(TOC)istheamountofcarbonfoundinanorganiccompound


No private treatment facilities have been identified (anaerobe fermentation, composting) to be in

operationorasaproject.

Certainagriculturalrecoverycanbedoneonly ifall theprovisionsof[MO3442004]areobserved,

includingobtainingapriorApplicationpermit(wemustmentionthefactthatthenationaldocument

hasrestrictiveprovisionsascomparedtotheCouncilDirective86/278/EECortootherregulationsin

otherMemberStates).

Costassessment,inthecontextoftheintroductionoftheadditionaltaxthatismeanttodiscourage

landfillingasof2017,indicatesthattherecoveryofthesetypesofwastewillbecomeaviableoption

in the near future (the main option is agricultural recovery as compost for sludge, and using

kieselguhrtoreplacerawmaterialsincementfactories).

Ontheotherhand,theoptionofagriculturalrecovery(assuch)remainsopen.Its limitativefactors

aretemporarystorage(whileitcannotbeusedonland)andthetransportdistance.

Therefore,thevalidoptions,whichcanbeimplementedforthetwocategoriesofwasteare:

a) Agriculturalrecovery–wasteassuch;

b) Agricultural recovery – following composting (please refer to COM(2016) 157 final, theRegulationproposaloftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilestablishingthenormsonlaunching fertilizers with the EC mark on the market, amending Regulations (EC) no.1069/2009and(EC)no.1107/2009);

c) Recoveryinthecementindustry;

d) Priortreatmentinviewofdisposal–makingthebiodegradablecontentinert(MBT);

e) Priortreatmentinviewofdisposal–stabilizingitwithlime;

f) Disposalassuchinlandfills.

Table14:Businessopportunitiesforfoodindustrywaste


1Amarketstudy

Adetailedanalysisofthesector

assessingthefeasibilityofthemeasures

tobetakenConsultancy ###

2

Promotingsomepilot

projectsinorderto

demonstratethe

goodpractice

Thereareseveraltechnicalsolutions

thatcanbeapplieddependingonthe

propertiesofwasteandonthe

particularitiesoftheavailablesite.

Collectingandtreatmentofwasteona

differentsitehasbeenparticularly

envisaged.Producingbiogasandorganic

fertilizersseemtobefeasiblesolutions

forthetimebeing.Suchapilotproject

shouldensuregoodspreadingofthe

projectoutcomesanditsadvantages,

(includingeconomicones)inorderto

replicateandexpandthispractice.

Consultancyand

design

Supplyofspecific

equipmentand

technology

Supplyofknow-how

andexchangeofexperience

###



2.7.2 Wasteresultingfrommechanicalprocessingactivities

The industrial fieldofmechanicalprocessinghasbeen invigoratedover the last fewyears. Several

manufacturingcompanieshavebeensetup16. Industrialdevelopmenthas ledtoan increase inthe

amountofwastespecifictothisfield,which,inturn,hasresultedinanincreaseofspecificservices

offered by authorised operators. Thus, there are two categories of waste (with different

identificationcodes)envisagedbythisreport:

- Usedemulsions

- Sludgeresultingfromthelocaltreatmentofemulsions.

Practice indicates an increased receptiveness of manufacturing companies (we usually refer to

relocatedproductionunitsor thosebelonging toparentcompaniesheadquartered in theWest) to

thefollowingcategoriesofservices:

- Prolongingtheemulsionlifespan–atechniquetopreventsludgegeneration(implementing

localtreatmentunitsoreventhirdpartyservicescarriedoutonsite);

- Wastetreatmentonsite–inordertominimizethecostbyhavingnocostoftransport;

- Takingoverandtreatment/disposaloffsite.

Table15:Businessopportunitiesforwasteresultedfrommechanicalprocessingactivities


1Amarketstudy

Adetailedanalysisofthesector

assessingthefeasibilityofthemeasures

tobetakenConsultancy ###

2

Promotingsomepilot

projectsinorderto

demonstratethe

goodpractice

Thereareseveraltechnicalsolutions

thatcanbeapplieddependingonthe

propertiesofthewasteandonthe

particularitiesoftheavailablesite.

Treatmentonsite(thirdparty)aswellas

collectionandtreatmentofwasteona

differentsitehavebeenenvisaged.Such

apilotprojectshouldensuregood

spreadingoftheprojectoutcomesand

itsadvantages,(includingeconomic

ones)inordertoreplicateandexpand

thispractice.

Consultancyand

design

Supplyofspecific

equipmentand

technology

Supplyofknow-how

andexchangeofexperience

###


16EurostatplacesRomaniaintheEuropeantopofprocessingindustryevolutionsascomparedtothereferenceyear2010,

and on the first/third place if we consider the period of the economic recession 2008 – 2014, (following Estonia and

Slovacia),withanincreaseinthesectorturnoverof30.16%.


2.7.3 Wasteresultingfromsurfacetreatmentactivities

Inasimilarwayand,veryoften,inastrongeconomicrelation,surfacetreatmentindustrialactivities

havedevelopedatthesametimeasmechanicalprocessingactivities.

Bothintegratedunits(complexgalvanizinglines)andpreparationunits(degreasingoracidandbasic

pickling)areincludedhere.Themaincharacteristicofthenewunitsistheirreducedsize,namelythe

reducedvolumesofthetanks.

Basedoneconomicconsiderations,thesolutiontoimplementneutralizing/treatmentlinesforused

effluents isnotviable insmallunits.Therefore, there is thepracticeofhaving thecontentofused

baths(usuallyconcentratedsolutions)takenoverbyauthorisedoperatorsinordertobetreatedoff

site,inacentralizedmanner.

Amajoradvantageofthismethodliesinthepossibilityto(atleasttheoretically)recoverthemetals

from the concentrated solutions. Another advantage of the centralized treatment / neutralizing

systemisabettermanagementofthesludgecakeresultedfromtreatment.

Herearetheopportunitiesinthisfield:

1. Adetailedanalysisofthesector (marketstudy)assessingthefeasibilityofthemeasuresto

betaken;

2. Promotingsomepilotprojectsinordertodemonstratethegoodpractice;

3. Supplyofknow-howandexchangeofexperience;

4. Supplyofspecificequipmentandtechnology.


41

3. NECESSARYRESOURCESFORWASTEMANAGEMENTMARKETDEVELOPING

Inthetablebelowasummaryofnecessaryresourcesforeachwastestreamispresented.

Table16:Necessaryresources

No. TypeofwasteHighlyqualifiedpeoplein

Highlydevelopedmethodsfor

Plants/Equipment(type)

Services(type)

1 Municipalwaste

Municipalwaste

management(data

management,separate

collectionsystems,

treatmentinstallations)

-

Sortingwasteequipment’s,

municipalhazardouswaste

collectionandstorage,landfill

gastreatment,anaerobic

treatmentofbio-waste

Planning,feasibilitiesstudiesand

technicalprojectselaboration,

consultancyforsourceseparation

systemimplementation

2 Usedcookedoil

-

-Localseparatecollection

equipment’s

Consultancyforsourceseparation

systemimplementation,public

awareness

3 Packagingwaste

Specificfieldofthe

packagingwaste:

environmentaldutiesand

liabilities,EPRscheme,

clearinghouse

-

Reverse

vending

machines

forglass

packaging

forbeer,

soda,and

mineral

water

Equipment

’sforwoodandglasspackaging

wasterecycling

Marketanalysis,technical

assistance,designfornewfacilities

4 Proceduresand - Pre-treatmentandrecycling Marketanalysis,technical


42

No. TypeofwasteHighlyqualifiedpeoplein

Highlydevelopedmethodsfor

Plants/Equipment(type)

Services(type)

Constructionand

demolitionwaste

guidelinesforlaw

enforcement(C&Dwaste

sector)

equipment’sforthenew

generationC&Dwaste

(insulation,gipsplate,

sandwichpanels,etc)

assistance,designfornewpilot

facilities

5

Industrialwaste

(non-hazardous,

general)

Proceduresand

guidelinesforlaw

enforcement(waste

characterisation,

guidelines),waste

minimisation

Pyriteashand

phosphogypsum

treatmentand

recovery

Temporarystoragefacilities,

treatmentequipment


assistance,designfornewdisposal

andtreatmentfacilities(including

flyashrecovery)

6

Hazardouswaste

Proceduresand

guidelinesforlaw

enforcement(waste

characterisation,

guidelines)oilwaste

decontamination,waste

minimisation,labelling

-

Collectionandtransport

equipment’s,temporary

storagefacilities,treatment

equipment



andtreatmentfacilities(including

asbestosandhistoricaloilwaste

lagoons)

7

NonHazardous

organicwastefrom

food&breweries

industry

- -Pre-treatment,stabilisation,

aerobic&digestioninstallation



andtreatmentfacilities

8

Liquidwaste

(emulsions)from

mechanical

processing

SpecificindustrialsectorOilandsynthetic

emulsiontreatment

Specificforlocal(onsite)or

centralised(offsite)treatment

Marketanalysis,feasibilitystudies,

designfornewtreatmentfacilities

9

Wasteformsurfaces

treatmentindustry

Specificindustrialsector -Specificforlocal(onsite)or

centralised(offsite)treatment

Marketanalysis,feasibilitystudies,

designfornewtreatmentfacilities


4. SPECIALENVIRONMENTALISSUESTHATNEEDTOBESOLVEDINTHE

NEXT5YEARS

Thisfinalsectionofthereportbrieflypresents informationontwokeyaspectsofenvironmentalprotection–rehabilitationofcontaminatedsitesandtheissueregardingusedwatertreatment.

Theseareregardedaskeyaspectsduetothesizeofthepotentialproblem(thephysicaldimensionof the phenomenon) and to the cooperation potential (business, the large volumeof necessaryinvestment).

4.1 REHABILITATIONOFCONTAMINATEDSITES

The economic operations that were intensively developed during the last decades of the lastcenturyhaveleftRomaniawithanimpressivenumberofindustrialandagro-industrialsites,manyofthemhugelyaffectedbysoilandundergroundwatercontamination.

Themassiveprivatizingprocedureofeconomicassetsassociatedwithacomponentoftakingoverresponsibilities for historical pollution (environmental obligations – have been regulated since1995)hasled,astheeconomicdeclineandbankruptcyofmanyprivatisedcompaniesoccurred,tothefollowingcharacteristicsituations:

- Thevastmajorityofassetscarryingenvironmentalobligationsconcerningsoil/undergroundwaterrehabilitationwereprivatelyowned,whiletheirownerswereindeepfinancialtrouble(insolvencyorevenbankruptcy);

- For sites / objectives that are still owned by the state (usually we refer here to landfills),rehabilitation measures / projects are accepted to be financially supported, but this is notpossibleforprivatecompanies;

- Theconceptoforphansitehasbeendevelopedandintroducedinordertomakeitpossibletodo something in those situationswhere riskswere imminent for thepopulationand for theenvironment.

Atpresent,thereisonefirstinventoryofcontaminatedsitesandpotentiallycontaminatedsitesatthenationallevel.Thisinventory(includinganumberofabout1,300enters)ismanagedwithinanelectronicapplication-CoSISatNEPAlevel.Theinventorywasinitiallydonebetween2007-2009,anditwasupdatedin2013.TheinformationincludedinthisdatabaseistechnicallybasedonthedataexistingatthelevelofLEPAs,butitisalsobasedontheanswerstoaquestionnaireprovidedbythecompanies.

Since the administrative procedures on the classification / reclassification / investigation /rehabilitation/declassificationofacontaminatedsitehavenotbeenimplementedyet,therecordsintheCoSISapplicationarestillinformal.Anevaluationofthetypologyandsizesofthesitesinthisinventory has been included in the text of the National Strategy on Contaminated Sites [GD683/2015].WewouldliketoaddthefactthatCoSISdataisnotpublic.


Thecurrentlegislativepackagedoesnotincludeanyoperationaladministrativeprocedures.Thatiswhytheprogressoftherehabilitationactionstaken,ascomparedtotheinitiallyassessedvolumeaspotentialbusinessforthissector(900,000haofaffectedlandandminimum5billionEuro)hasbeeninsignificantsofar.

Itisimportanttomentionthefactthat,sincethedatewhenthisfirstinventorywascarriedouttothisday,evenwithoutanysebsequentregulationsspecifictothisfield,rehabilitationworkshavebeen performed in Romania, usually by private oil companies, both regarding the soil and theundergroundwater. Theway inwhich theseprojects havebeenpromoted and advisedhas notbeenaunitaryone,andthesituationsgenerallyvariedaccordingtothesizeandparticularitiesofthesites.

Thestrategyapprovedby[GD683/2015]hasthefollowingobjectives:ontheshortterm,bytheend of 2015, the purpose of the strategy was to lay down the principles regarding themanagementofcontaminatedsites(objectivesthatstillhaven’tbeenmet);onthemediumterm,by2020,thestrategyaimsatsolvingtheissueofcontaminatedsitesthatneedurgentaction;andonthelongterm,by2050,theaimistocompletethisaction.Theestimatedcostsrelatedtoriskassessmentandtherehabilitationofapproximately210contaminatedsitesconsideredtorequireurgentactionare1,264billionEurointotal.ThesecostswillbepaidbyaccessingstructuralfundsfromtheEuropeanUnion,aswellasbythestate,andalsobymeansofexternalinvestmentsintheprivatesector.

In addition to all the above, the following conclusions can be drawn based on the consultants’experience:

- The sector of rehabilitating contaminated sites is probably the biggest cooperationopportunitywith national authorities (methodologies, guidelines, staff training, exchange ofexperience),serviceoperators(firmsthatarealreadyinvolvedinthissector),andevendirectlywiththesiteowners(thosewhoareactuallycarryingtheenvironmentalobligations).

- Even if administrative procedures have not been implemented yet, there are periodiccollaboration opportunities in this field (the last public bid was launched on 20.03.2017 byOMV Petrom – Participation announcement no. 173869/18.03.2017, https://www.e-licitatie.ro/Public/Common/Notice/CNotice/CNoticeList.aspx)

- Certainly, the number of projects receiving support (co-financing) from EU funds or fromnational funds (the Administration of the Environmental Fund) will increase as soon as thefieldisthoroughlyregulated.

- However,inordertosubstantiatetheirdecisiontocarryoutactivitiesinthisfieldinRomania,a foreign company will require additional information and clarifications (which can beobtained from the specialised department in the Ministry of Environment), and possibly apreliminarystudyassessingthemarketofexistingservices.


4.2 WATERQUALITYANDWASTEWATERTREATMENT

Romania is one of the Member States that already had, at the time of its EU accession, goodprofessional culture, operational organization, and even qualified personnel for the watermanagementsector.

Theimplementationofthe[WFD]inRomaniahasnotmetanyspecialorganizationalorinstitutionalissues.Theproblemsinthefieldofwaterqualityarisemainlyfromtheinsufficientfundingforwaterpollutionpreventionmeasures–thatisusedwatertreatment.

Planningdocumentsareasynthesisoftheinformationinthefield.Thesedocumentsweredrawnupaccordingtotheprovisionsof[WFD]–BasinManagementPlans,approvedby[GD80/2011]forthefirstplanningcycle,andby[GD859/2016]forthesecondplanningcycle.

Thus,regardingthequalityofwaterbodies,thefollowingassumptionswerevalidin2015:

- Ascomparedtothefirstplanningperiod,therewasasignificantincreaseinthepercentagesofwater bodies that met their environmental objective regarding their ecological status, fromabout17%to75.22%.

- At the national level, 70.88 % of water bodies – rivers are in good and very good ecologicalstatus,whilethehydrographicalbasins/areas:Banat,Jiu,Olt,Mureș,Crișareabovethenationalaverage.

- As compared to the ecological status in the first plan, one may notice an increase in thepercentageofwaterbodiesthatareingoodandverygoodecologicalstatus(naturalrivers)from66.42%to70.88%,whichindicatesanimprovement.

Asfarastheecologicalstatusofabove-the-groundwaterbodiesisconcerned,ifwecomparethetwomanagement plans, we can notice an increase in the percentage of water bodies that meet theenvironmentalrequirements.

However, there are 15 undergroundwater bodies in Romania that risk not reaching a good levelfromthechemicalpointofview,forthefollowingparameters:nitratesandammonia.Thisriskisduetodiffuseemissionsproducedbyhumanagglomerations,especiallythoseunder2,000l.e.withalowdegreeofconnectiontosewagesystemsandtoadequatewatertreatmentsystems,ortohistoricalsources such as agro-zootechnical units that have stopped or reduced operation, as well as toagriculturaloperations.

Regardingtheenvironmentalobjective–goodecologicalstatus,thefollowingshallbementionedinrelationtowaterbodies:

- Thepercentageofwaterbodiesthatreachedtheenvironmentalobjectiveswas68.37%in2015,thatishigherthanestimatedinthefirstplanning;

- The percentage of water bodies that will reach the environmental objectives by 2021 willincreaseascomparedto2015,namelyfrom68.37%in2015to86.43%in2021.


- It isestimatedthatallwaterbodieswill reachtheenvironmentalobjectivesby2027(includinglesssevereenvironmentalobjectives).

Withregardtotheundergroundwaterbodiesthatmanagedtoreachtheenvironmentalobjectivesin 2015, namely a good chemical status, their percentage has increased as compared to the firstplanningassessmentby2.9%,from86.62%to89.51%.Thisisalsovalidfor2021.Itisestimatedthatallundergroundwaterbodieswill reach theenvironmentalobjectivesby2027.Theenvironmentalobjective regarding a good quantitative status wasmet during the first planning cycle for all theundergroundwaterbodies.

DetailedinformationonthemanagementobjectivesfortheDanubebasinandthesub-basinoftheTisarivercanbefoundonthewebsite:www.icpdr.org(thepublicsection).

Thepossiblecollaborationopportunitiesinthissectorbelongtothefields:

- Managementof treatment sludge. No sustainable solutions have been implemented so far inRomania.TheagriculturalrecoveryofthesludgeresultingfrommunicipalWWTPisfacinghugedifficulties in its implementation, and theaccelerateddevelopmentof treatment capacities (inagglomerationsoflessthan10,000EL)isgoingstrengthenthisproblem.Anyconcept/solution/technology/ equipment dedicated to this sector iswelcome. The stakeholders in this field areregional water and sewage operators. A list of the main stakeholders and their contactinformation can be accessed herehttp://patronatulapei.ro/uploads/docs/MembriPatronatuluiApei.pdf

- EstablishingBAT-AELforcompaniesundertheincidenceofIED.TheimplementationoftheBATconclusions for certain sectors of operation has led to new approaches with regard toestablishing ELV, the calculation of the treatment efficiency, and discharge monitoring. Weconsider theexchangeofexperience tobewelcome in the field regulating this typeofproject(IndustrialWWTP).Itisusefulbothforthetechnicalfield(modelingthedispersionofpollutantsat discharge, establishingmixing lengths, assessing treatment efficiency in biological steps), aswell as for the economic field (cost benefit analyses regarding the efficiency of themeasure),bothforthecompetentauthorityand,bilaterally,forthecompaniesinterestedinthisfield.


5. INSTEADOFACONCLUSION

Themain aim of this report (assessment) consisted in identifying the opportunities available andgrounding the strategic communication and collaboration decisions, so that waste managementNorwegiancompaniesmayhaveaclearpictureofthisfieldin2017’sRomania.

Wehaveanalysedthemunicipalwastefield(includingpackagingwaste),theareaofserviceswheretheopportunitiesgrantedbythefactthatRomaniaisaEUmemberstatearemoreandmorevisible(werefertothemassive investments inthepublicsectorofmunicipalwastecollection,treatment,anddisposalservices).

Also, we have analysed the specific sectors of special waste flows (C&D waste, organic wasteresulting from industrial waste), considered by the project team and by the beneficiary to beimportant for theobjectivesof thisstudybothduetotheevolutionof thequantitativegenerationrateandtotheindividualtreatment/recoveryapplicablesolutions.

Anothersubjecttobementionedistheoneregardingtheavailabilityofdataandpublicinformationonthisfield(wastemanagementinRomania).Itisdifficulttocarryoutaquantitativeassessmentinany given sector (categories and types of waste) due to the lack of relevant information. If formunicipalwastethereisgeneralquantitativedataregardingwastegeneration/treatment/recoveryanddisposalduetothe implementationof integratedwastemanagementprojectsatcounty level,forthe industrialbusinesssector, theonlyavailable information istheoneatnational level.This isthemainreasonforthemajorityofpracticalproblems–ifwedon’tknowwhatwe’retalkingabout(waste quantities, and properties, etc.), we cannot improve the system or refer to any suchopportunities.

Therefore,mostoftheopinionsincludedinthereportdrawonthepracticalday-to-dayexperienceofthosepreparingthereportregardingtheprivatesector,inparticular(thistypeofactivityisusuallyruledbyconfidentiality terms).Most likely,aseriesofregularsectorialassessments,carriedoutatthenationallevelundertheapprovaloftheregulatingauthority,wouldsignificantlyimprovetherateatwhichweknowtheactualsizeofthematters.Thisiswhereandhowawholeimprovementandbusinessdevelopmentchaincouldstart.

Consideringalltheabove,itisclearthatanassessmentofthetechnicalperformanceofthesystemsandtechnologiesthatarebeingcurrentlyusedinthissectorinRomaniacouldbepreparedonlyasaresultofdedicatedassessmentandanalysiswork.Itisimportantandinteresting,atthesametime,to notice that, for example, when analysing environmental permits (the information is public forfacilitiesfallingunderIEDDirective17)thereisalmost100%compliancewithBATpractices.

However,mostwaste flowsand installations inoperationcouldbe improved.Themajordrawbackpreventinginvestmentinthisfield(publicorprivate),oncethetechnicalsolutionhasbeenidentified,referstotheverysmallprofitmarginofalleconomicactivitiesinRomania.Therefore,thedrawbacks

17Directive2010/75/EUonindustrialemissions(integratedpollutionpreventionandcontrol)


imposed by CAPEX andOPEX usually lead to adopting the simplest possible solutions. Disposal ofwaste in landfillswas by far themost efficient and sustainable solution forwaste generators. Theapplicationoffinancialinstruments(suchasthelandfilltax)hassuddenlyledtoachangeinoptions,especiallyforthe industrialsector.Simplecalculationshaveproventhattreatmentandrecoveryofwaste (for certainwaste flows) is now a viable option from an economic point of view at factorylevel.Thus,westronglybelievethatkeepingatleastthelandfilltaxisgoingtoresultinanincreaseofthemarketofservicesinthewastemanagementfield.However,thisstatementshouldbecarefullyconsidered as the success of actions depends on the correct and sustained implementation ofauthorization, inspection and control activities, including checking compliance of the operationscarriedoutbycompanies.Onthecontrary,leavingasidetheimplementationoffinancialinstrumentsisgoingtoresultintheconservationofthecurrentstatusquo.

As a general conclusion,wewelcome the collaboration opportunity in this sector, starting from acorrectdefinitionof thecurrent situation (beginningwith sectoralmarket studies), andhaving thesustainabilityandaffordability(thecosttobepaidbytheclientsfortheservice)objectiveclearlyinmindatalltimes.


INFORMATIONSOURCES

[NEPA2014] Data regardingwaste generation andmanagement in 2014, obtained fromNationalEnvironmentalAgency,March2017

[HOLCIM2016] Data regarding co-incineration capacities, obtained from HOLCIM RomaniaSA,March2017

[NWMS2014] National Waste Management Strategy 2014 - 2020, elaborated in 2015,http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/2013-01-11-DGDSP-SNGD.pdf,accessedFebruary2017

[NWMReport2016] The report analysing the data and the current waste managementinfrastructure,November2016,FichtnerEnvironmentSRL–RECSRL

[ARSERomania2015] Annual Report on State of the Environment in Romania, elaborated byNationalEnvironmentalProtectionAgency

http://www.anpm.ro/documents/12220/2209838/RSM_2015%27.pdf/924aa8b6-429c-46f6-ac75-45f2fdd03e41,accessedFebruary2017

[ARSE Romania 2011] Annual Report on State of the Environment in Romania, elaborated byNationalEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyhttp://www.anpm.ro/anpm_resources/migrated_content/uploads/82095_starea_mediului_2011.pdf,accessedMarch2017

[ECReport2017] Commissionstaffworkingdocument,TheEUEnvironmentalImplementationReviewCountryReport-ROMANIAhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/eir/pdf/report_ro_en.pdf,accessedMarch2017

[NISPOP2015] Thepopulationbasedontheirdomicilebylocalities http://statistici.insse.ro/shop/index.jsp?page=tempo3&lang=ro&ind=POP10

8D,accessedFebruary2017

[ECOFYS2013] TrendsintheUCOmarket,ECOFYSStudy,November2013http://www.apc-romania.ro/ro/i-studiu-despre-uleiurile-vegetale-de-pe-piata-romaneasca/NDI4LTE.html

[EUROSTAT2014] EUROSTATDatabase–Wastestreams–t_env_wasst

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database,accessedFebruary2017

[EUROSTAT2015] EUROSTATDatabase–Wastestreams–t_env_wassthttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database,accessedMarch2017


[ANRSC2016] NationalAuthorityfortheRegulationofCommunityServicesbyPublicUtilities(ANRSC),evidentalicentevalabileladatade18.11.2016http://www.anrsc.ro/activitate/licente-si-autorizatii/,accessedMarch2017

[MPF2015] MinistryofPublicFinance,dataregardingeconomicagentsactivityhttp://www.mfinante.gov.ro/agenticod.html?pagina=domenii,accessedMarch2017

[Consultante] Estimationsmadebyconsultant,basedonrelevantexperience

[GD3492005] GD349/2005regardingwastelandfills,asamended

[L2112011] Law211/2011regardingwastemanagement,asamended

[GD8562002] GD856/2002onwastemanagementrecordandapprovalof thewaste list,includinghazardouswaste,asamended

[REG12722008] REGULATION(EC)No1272/2008OFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDOFTHECOUNCILof16December2008onclassification,labellingandpackagingofsubstancesandmixtures,amendingandrepealingDirectives67/548/EECand1999/45/EC,andamendingRegulation(EC)No1907/2006

[MO3442004] Orderno.344/2004approvingthetechnicalnormsregardingenvironmentalprotection,especiallyofsoils,whentreatmentsludgeisusedinagriculture

[JASPERS2016] Assessmentoftheimpactofvariouseconomicinstrumentsonthequantitiesofwasterecycled/recoveredanddivertedfromlandfillsinRomania,JASPERS,2016

[EIB2012] EuropeanInvestmentBank,InstitutoSuperioTecnio(2012):TheeconomicsofpackagingwasteRecycling(http://eimpack.ist.utl.pt/outputs.html)

[ECBIO2014] BIObyDeloitte,Arcadis,Ecologic,IEEP,UmweltbundesamtAT(2014),DevelopmentofGuidanceonExtendedProducerResponsibilities,http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/waste/eu_guidance/index.html

[L2492015] Law249/2015regardingmanagementofpackagingandpackagingwaste,asamended

[GEO1962005] GEO196/2005regardingEnvironmentalFund,asamended

[GD683/2015] TheGovernmentalDecisionapprovingtheNationalStrategyandtheNationalPlanfortheManagementofContaminatedSitesinRomania

[GD859/2016] TheGovernmentalDecisionapprovingtheupdatedNationalManagementPlanrelatedtotheinternationalhydrographicalbasinoftheDanuberiverlocatedontheterritoryofRomania


[GD80/2011] TheGovernmentalDecisionapprovingtheNationalManagementPlanrelatedtotheinternationalhydrographicalbasinoftheDanuberiverlocatedontheterritoryofRomania(firstplanning)

[WFD] Directive2000/60/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilestablishingaframeworkfortheCommunityactioninthefieldofwaterpolicy"


ANNEX1 Class1licensedmunicipalwastecollectionoperators

No Collectionoperator Contactdata

Fiscal

identification

code

2015Net

turnover

1COMPANIAROMPRESTSERVICESABucureşti

1CPoligrafieiBoulevard,Floor3,[email protected]

13788556 252,225,986

2 ROSALGRUPSABucureşti

11ATurturelelorStreet,Modul15,BucharestT+40212006951www.rosal.ro

6089555 221,678,646

3 POLARISM.HOLDINGSRLConstanţa

2ASpiruHaretStreetConstantaT+40241548711office@polaris.rowww.polaris.ro

12079629 171,331,606

4 SUPERCOMSABucureşti

23CGherghiteiStreet,BucharestT+40372129301http://www.rolocal.ro/companii/supercom-sa.html

3884955 148,045,109

5REREcologicServiceBucureștiREBUSABucurești

35TudorVladimirescuBoulevard,[email protected]

9357725 90,777,285

6RETIMECOLOGICSERVICESATimişoara

3AOituzStreetTimisoara,[email protected]

9112229 76,127,088

7 COMPRESTSABraşov

13VladTepesStret,Brasov,[email protected]

RO1095130 50,993,566

8 SALUBRISSAIaşi

43SoseauaNationala,Iasi,[email protected]

14816433 50,417,253

9BRANTNERSERVICIIECOLOGICESRLCluj-Napoca

11/46LalelelorStreet,ClujNapoca,ClujcountyT+40264410773www.brntner.com

7180367 38,933,742



Fiscal

identification

code

2015Net

turnover

10 SALUBRITATECRAIOVASRLCraiova

129ABresteiStreet,Craiova,DoljcountyT+40251414660www.salubritate-craiova.ro

27969145 35,648,834

11 FINANCIARURBANSRLPiteşti

12GeorgeCosbucStreet,Pitesti,ArgescountyT+40248210111

15343880 32,162,613

12 SOMASRLBacău

6TolstoiStreet,Bacau,[email protected]

946778 31,960,133

13 FLORISALSASatuMare

38LuncaSighetStreet,SatuMare,[email protected]

7377238 30,907,197

14 RERECOLOGICSERVICEBuzăuSA

UniriiStreetBloc4B,Buzau,[email protected]

7449237 30,710,714

15 RERECOLOGICSERVICEORADEASA

79TudorVladimirescuStreetOradea,[email protected]

7449237 30,710,714

16 SALUBRISSASlatina

2AAleeaTineretuluiStreet,Slatina,OltcountyT+40249414693www.salubris-slatina.ro

RO6516214 25,368,243

17IRIDEXGROUPIMPORTEXPORTBUCUREȘTIFILIALACOSTINEȘTISRL

17SoseauaBucuresti-Ploiesti,[email protected]

24342060 22,855,364

18 3DROMÂNIASABucureşti10-12BuchetuluiAlley,BucharestT+40213403301

4928693 21,167,659

19 DRUSALSABaiaMare16/4UniriiBoulevard,BaiaMare,Maramures

7233879 21,081,558



Fiscal

identification

code

2015Net

turnover

[email protected]

20 GIREXIMUNIVERSALSAPitești

IonC.BratianuStretBl.A3Ap.4,Pitesti,ArgescountyT+40248210111

9054608 19,908,254

21 DIASILSERVICESRLSuceava

18GrigoreAlexandruGhicaStreet,Suceava,[email protected]

RO6419432 18,957,765

22 URBANSERVSABotoşani

191DecembrieStreet,Botosani,[email protected]

10863076 17,321,804

23 FLORICONSALUBSRLCâmpina

6OboruluiStreetCampina,[email protected]

2992339 14,845,359

24 SALSERVECOSISTEMSRLBucureşti

130MihailSebastianStreet,[email protected]

12510160 14,462,695

25

RDEHARGHITASRLOdorheiuSecuiesc(AVEHARGHITASALUBRITATESRLOdorheiuSecuiesc)

73BethlenGáborStreet,OdorheiuSecuiesc,HarghitacountyT+40266217408www.rdero.ro

6582234 13,915,749

26 SALUBRITATE2000SAPiteşti

25TargudinValeStreet,Pitesti,ArgescountyT+40248636886salubritate@gmail.comwww.salubritate-2000.r0

13031718 11,260,274

27SERVICIISALUBRITATEBUCUREŞTISA

17SoseauaBucuresti-Ploiesti,[email protected]

12900081 9,987,485



Fiscal

identification

code

2015Net

turnover

28 ROSSALSRLRoman

119bisBogdanDragosStreet,Roman,NeamtcountyT+40233740487

15276951 9,705,077

29 AVESĂLAJECOSERVS.R.L.Zalău30/AFabriciiStreet,Zalau,SalajcountyT+40360101477

10217334 8,785,945

30 BRAI-CATASRLBrăila

58MihaiEminescuStreet,Braila,BrailacountyT+40239606008

13627967 7,139,874

31HERODOTGRUPSRLSighetuMarmaţiei

10PescarilorStreet,SighetuMarmatiei,MaramurescountyT+40362803834

14339466 6,228,712

32 ROMPRESTENERGYSRLOtopeni224ECaleaBucurestilor,Otopeni,IlfovcountyT+40756169844

22762032 4,358,378

Source:Consultantprocessingbasedon[ANRSC2016]dataand[MPF2015]


ANNEX2 Recyclingoperators

No Recyclingoperator Contactdata

Fiscal

identificati

oncode

Typeof

waste

2015Net

turnover

1 AMBROS.A.Suceava*24CaleaUniriiStreet,Suceava,SuceavacountyT+40230205000

2691530Paperandcardboard

241,410,640

2 COMCEHS.A.Călărași*358BucurestiStreet,Calarasi,CalarasicountyT+40242307600


220,866,466

3 VrancartS.A.Adjud*

17TeodoroiuEcaterinaStreet,Adjud,[email protected]


210,089,199

4 ECOPAPERS.A.Zărnești*

1813DecembrieStreet,Zarnesti,[email protected]


167,998,324

5PETROCARTS.A.PiatraNeamț*

171DecebalStreet,PiatraNeamt,[email protected]


86,538,307

6 GREENTECHSABuzau

17IndustriilorAlley,Buzau,[email protected]

14855491 Plastic 170,387,547

7PROFFESIONALRECYLCESRLTarguMures

388MartieStreet,TarguMures,MurescountyT+40365424491office@proffesionalrecycling.rowww.proffesionalrecycling.ro

26455227 Plastic 18,732,210

8 ROMWASTESOLUTIONSSA

DragomirestiValecommune,T41/1,P402/21,lot2,IlfovcountyT+40371426328office@romwastesolutions.rowww.romwastesolutions.ro

28364656 Plastic 18,088,031

9 ECOLINEACVILASRL38UnitatiiStreet,Balotesti,IlfovcountyT+40733105889

31662377 Plastic 13,126,415

10 REPLASTICAHDPESRLBuzau

SoseauaBraileikm7,BuzaucountyT+40730711606www.replastica.ro

22049226 Plastic 11,618,385



Fiscal

identificati

oncode

Typeof

waste

2015Net

turnover

11 CRILELMARSRL

2LiviuRebreanuStreet,Tg.Jiu,[email protected]

8085185 Plastic 11,060,879

12 M&MRECYCLINGSRL290AValicuAurelBoulevard,Constanta,ConstantacountyT+40723372163

13768770 Plastic 7,366,258

13 ECOFRIENDRECYClingSRL

DN22CMedgidia,ConstantacountyT+40723250740ecofriend.recycling@gmail.comwww.ecofrienrecycling.ro

27492142 Plastic 6,868,545

14 CADELPLASTGROUPSRL

51-55CarapatiStreet,Hnedoara,HunedoaracountyT+40726-146760office@cadelplast.rowww.cadelplast.ro

18012172 Plastic 5,862,184

15 SILCOTUBSAZalau**93MihaiViteazuBoulevard,Zalau,SalajcountyT+40260603608

15117182 Metal 1,696,555,756

16 MECHELCAMPIATURZIISA**

145LaminoristilorStreet,CampiaTurzii,ClujcountyT+40264305308www.isct.ro

199710 Metal 78,590,075

17SCARCELORMITTALGALATISA**

CaleaSmardan,Galati,GalaticountyT+40236801331http://galati.arcelormittal.com

1639739 Metal 3,803,508,731

18 HOEGONESCORPORATIONEUROPESABUZAU

33UrziceniStreet,Buzau,BuzaucountyT+40238710596

13117640 Metal 166,287,482

19 STIROMSABucurești***

45TheodorPalladyBoulevard,BucharestT+40212018500www.stirom.ro

335588

Glass 251,346,555

20GreenGlassRecyclingSRLPopestiLeordeni

181SoeseauaOltenitei,PopestiLeordeni,IlfovcountyT+40213611983www.greenglass.ro

31292568

Glass 5,227,560

21SCTCROMGLASSSRLBucurești

10LibertatiiBoulevard,bl.114,[email protected]

RO 387900

Glass n.d.

22 SCEGGERRomaniaSRL2AustrieiStreetPOBox38,Radauti,Suceava

16136689Wood

packaging1,300,843,201



Fiscal

identificati

oncode

Typeof

waste

2015Net

turnover

countyT+40372438000

23SCJTGRUPSRL

84AIsacceiStreetTulcea,[email protected]

18011304Wood

packaging7,384,861

24SCAQUATERMGREENENERGYSRL

14BucovinaStreet,Botoşani,BotosanicountyT+40231522525office@aquaterm-green-energy.rowww.aquaterm-green-energy.ro

18150574Wood

packaging3,282,544

25SCIproebSA

19DrumulCetățiiStreet,Bistriţa,Bistriţa-NăsăudcountyT+40263238165www.iproeb.ro

566930Wood

packaging110,655,471

Source:websearchingdataand[MPF2015]*paperfactory**metalpieces’industry***glassfactory


ANNEX3 DataregardingUCOcollectioninRomania

No.Foodwasteoilcollector

Contactdata ActivitiesCollectedquantityin2016

Recoveryoperations

Destinationcountry

1S.T.U.P

Association

ULEIOSUL,projectfinancedbySEEE

2009-2014grantswithintheONGfundin

Romania

[email protected]

http://uleiosul.com

Atpresent,itcollectsonlyinBucharest(inallthedistricts),andit

willexpandtoIasi.

Ofthecollectedquantity,halfwasfromthepopulation,andhalf

fromHORECAandtheindustry.

They’vecarriedoutawarenesscampaignsinschools,

kindergartens,companies,ownersassociations.Theygotresults

inaMontessorikindergartenandinanownersassociation.

14tonnes Biofuel Austria

2EcoClub

Timisoara

CircumvalatiuniistreetTimisoara,[email protected],May2015–Max2016

ProjectcarriedoutinTimisoaramunicipalityendorsedbyapublic

figure(theactressAnaMunteanu).Theprojectwascarriedout

forayear(May2015–May2016).

Thepopulationwasthemaintargetoftheproject.

Theygotapositivereactionfromthecommunity(about500

collectorsanswered).

UCOwascollectedinarecipient(glassjar)providedbythe

association,anditwastransportedbyacargo-bike.

ThecollectedamountsweretransportedbyRESPIRAVERDESRL

tobiodieselfactoriesinAustriaandGermany.

500l BiofuelAustria,

Germania,

3 MareNostrum

31Decembrie1918Boulevard,bl.F17,sc.A,ap.3,Constanţ[email protected] https://ongmarenostrum.wordpress.com

Constanta,fromdepopulation 1,300l Biofuel Austria

4RESPIRA

VERDESRL

4NicolaeSovaStreet,Oradea,[email protected]:DanielCiuciuT+40741648908

Collectsin56citiesinRomania(95%fromHORECA)

Theyhavecarriedoutcampaignsinordertocollectfromthe

populationinTimisoara,Cluj,Oradea,withverylowresults.

Havecarriedoutawarenesscampaigns–thebestresultswere

obtainedfollowingthecampaignscarriedoutinschools.

They’vestartedcollaboratingwithSIGUREC–acollection

networkdevelopedatthenationallevel-43wastecollection

pointsfromthepopulation,mostofthemlocatedin2

super/hypermarketchainsinRomania.

1,200tonnes Biofuel

Austria,

Germania,

Slovacia,

Polonia


No.Foodwasteoilcollector

Contactdata ActivitiesCollectedquantityin2016

Recoveryoperations

Destinationcountry

5PMC

ENVIRONMENT

102CarpatiStreetBucharest

[email protected]

http://www.green-environment.ro

PaulPop

T+40769646570

CollectingfromHORECAandfromindustry 1,500tones Biofuel

Austria,

Germania,

Bulgaria

6CONCEPTOIL

SRL

179/BCaleaBaciuluiStreet,ClujNapoca,[email protected]

CollectingfromHORECAandfromindustry 62,3tonnes BiofuelUngaria,

Romania

7

STOEHR

MINERAL&

VEGETALOIL

S.R.L.

22PopaPetreStreet,Bucharest

[email protected]

http://colectareuleiuzat.ro

Didnotwanttoprovideanydata. - - -

8

MOLRomania

Petroleum

ProductsSRL*

7721Decembrie1989Boulevard,C-D

TheOffice,Floor1,Cluj-Napoca,Cluj

county

[email protected]

https://molromania.ro/ro/persoane-

fizice/colecteaza-uleiul-alimentar-uzat

Didnotanswertheemailandcouldn’tbecontactedonthephone - - -

9

ROMANIAN

USED

COOKINGOIL

S.R.L

112PrincipalaStreet,Stoenesti

commune,Oltcounty

[email protected]

• www.ruco.ro

Didnotwanttoprovideanydata. - - -

*TheMOLchainofgasstationsincludesnolessthan60gasstationsin22localitiesthattakepartintheprogrammeforcollectingusedoilfromthepopulation.The22localitiesare:AlbaIulia,Arad, BaiaMare, Bistrita, Bucharest, Cluj Napoca, Floresti, Gheorgheni, Iasi, Miercurea Ciuc, Odorheiu Secuiesc, Oradea, Pitesti, Ploiesti, Ramnicu Valcea, Reghin, Sfantu Gheorghe, Sibiu,Sighisoara,Suceava,Targoviste,andTarguMures.


ANNEX4 Hazardouswasteincineratorsandlandfills

No Treatmentoperator Contactdata TreatmentactivityTypeoftreated

waste

1 SCMONDECOSRL

Suceava,Str.CaleaUnirii,nr.22,incintaCorpMALL,

locatieEB1,SuceavaPhone:+40230519399

Incinerationofhazardouswaste wastereceivedfrom

thirdparties

2 SCANTIBIOTICESAIASIIasi,Str.ValeaLupuluinr.1,Iasi

Phone:+40232209000

Incinerationofhazardouswaste

wastefromtheown

activities

3SCKOBERSRLPL

TURTURESTI

Săvinești,NeamțStradaGheorgheCaranfil

Nr.2DumbravaRosie,NeamtPhone:+40233281021


wastefromtheown

activities

4SCCHIMCOMPLEXSA

BORZESTI

Str.Industriilornr.3,

Onesti601124,BacauPhone:+40234302250

Incinerationof

hazardouswastewastefromtheown

activities

5 SCAVANDSRL

Iasi,Str.Saulescu,nr.13amplasament,str.Trei

Fantani,Iasi,[email protected],

[email protected]:+40332800888


wastereceivedfromthirdparties

6 ECOFIRESISTEMSSRL

ComunaLumina,parcelaA314/1/1,Constanta,



thirdparties

7 SCDECINERASRL

Galati,stradaBazinulNou,nr.83,Galati


699


wastereceivedfrom

thirdparties

8 PROAIRCLEANS.A.

SatStejaru,com.

Perieti,tarla180/6,parcela21,judetul

Ialomita,office@proairclean-

incinerare.roPhone:+40758038788

Incinerationof

hazardouswaste

wastereceivedfrom

thirdparties

9ENVISANNV,BELGIA-

SUCURSALAPITESTI

ComunaOarjasatOarja,NR.786Bis,Arges



thirdparties

10 SCECOBURNSRL

Ploiestistr.Democratiei,nr.103,etaj1,camera7,

jud.Prahovasimona.ursache@ecoburn.


thirdparties



waste

ro,amplasament,comuna

Brazi,satNegoiesti,str.PiatraCraiului,nr.13,

judPrahova,[email protected]:+40373550044

11 SCMEDLINEEXIMSRLComunaSopot,T67,P3,

Dolj

Incinerationof

hazardouswaste

wastereceivedfrom

thirdparties

12 SCOLTCHIMSA

Str.Uzineinr.1,Ramnicu

Valcea,Valcea

Incinerationof


activities

13SCSTERICYCLEROMANIA

SRL

Str.MihaiEminescu,nr.105T,comunaIsalnita,

DoljPhone:+40374205219


thirdparties

14PROAIRCLEANECOLOGICSA

Str.SulinaNr.6b,Timisoara,jud.Timis

Phone:+40256306018



15SCSTERICYCLEROMANIASRL

Cluj-Napoca,B-dulMuncii,

Nr.16,ClujPhone:+40264403387

Incinerationof

hazardouswastewastereceivedfromthirdparties

16COMPANIANATIONALAIMPRIMERIANATIONALA

SA

BulevardulIuliuManiu244,București061099

Phone:+40214348818


wastefromtheown

activities

17SCSTERICYCLEROMANIASRL

DrumulPoianaTrestieinr

27B,Sector1BucurestiPhone:+40214900026

Incinerationof


18 CHIMESTERBVSRLBucuresti,BulevardulTimisoara98C


wastefromtheownactivities

19SCSINAROMMINING

GROUPSRLIacobeni,Suceava

Landfillof

hazardouswaste

wastefromtheown

activities

20 SCRULMENTISABARLAD

BulevardulRepublicii320,

Bârlad731130Barlad,Vaslui


Landfillof

hazardouswastewastefromtheownactivities

21 SCDUCTILSTEELSA

1,AleeaIndustriilor,120224Buzau


Landfillofhazardouswaste wastefromtheown

activities

22SCECOMASTERSERVICIIECOLOGICESRL

AriceștiiRahtivani,Prahova

Phone:+40244406305

Landfillofhazardouswaste


23SCVIVANISALUBRITATESA

Slobozia,Tarlaua327/4,

parcela11,IalomitaPhone:+40749195799

Landfillof


24 SCAUTOMOBILEDACIA Str.Uzinei,nr.1,Mioveni, Landfillof wastefromtheown



waste

SA Arges

Phone:+40248500000

hazardouswaste activities

25 SCSILCOTUBSA

Prl.Bucuresti162,

Calarasi,CalarasiPhone:+40242306600

Landfillof


activities

26SCALROALUMINIUPRELUCRATSA

Str.Pitestinr.116Slatina,Olt

Phone:+40249434302


wastefromtheownactivities

27 SCSILCOTUBSA

93,MihaiViteazulBlvd.

450131Zalău,SalajPhone:+40260620720

Landfillof


activities

28 SCTERAPIASAStr.Fabricii124ClujNapoca,Cluj

Phone:+40264501500


wastefromtheown

activities

Source:NEPA;[NWMReport2016],andwebsearchingdata


ANNEX5 Pictures

SEPARATECOLLECTIONPOINTS

Oradeamunicipal

wastecollectionpoint

(2fractions)

Mediașunderground


(mixedwaste)

Author:Oana

Bucharestmunicipal


(3fractions)

Photosauthor:OanaMușuroaea


SORTINGSTATIONS

ECOBIHORSRLOradea,sortingofseparatecollectedwaste

Source: http://www.ecobihor.ro/compost.htm

ECOBIHORSRLOradea,manualsortingline

Source: ECOBIHOR


COMPOSTINGPLANTS

ECOBIHORSRLOradea,

compostingofgreen

waste

Source:http://www.ecobihor.ro/compost.htm

Sibiucompostingplant(financedbySOPENV)

Source:SibiuCountyCouncil


MECHANICALBIOLOGICALTREATMENTPLANTS

MBTPlantChiajna

Source:IRIDEXGROUP


NON-HAZARDOUSWASTELANDFILLS

Chiajnalandfill(near

Bucharest)

Author:OanaMușuroaea

Source:IRIDEXGROUP

ECOBIHORSRL

Oradea,landfill

gasrecovery

installation

Source: ECOBIHOR


Argescounty

non-hazardous

wastelandfill

Author:AlinaOberdörfer

Sibiucounty

non-hazardous

wastelandfill

Author:AlinaOberdörfer


CONSTRUCTIONANDDEMOLITIONWASTETREATMENTINSTALLATIONS

ECO

BIHOR

SRL

Oradea

Source: ECOBIHOR

Chiajna

site

Source: IRIDEXGROUP


LIFEproject

onCDW,

Buzău

Source: http://life-dcd.ro/foto/galerie/photo-gallery/pilot-project-mechanical-

treatment-installation-for-construction-and-demolition-waste/

Documents

Study assessment of Romanian waste market final … on the assessment of romanian waste market ... 11,3 2,5 12,3 4,92,0 56,3 10,7 ... (100 lei/tonne);