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Study Guide- Early Humans. What are the names of the three prehistoric eras ?. Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic. What term is used to describe each era based upon the tools that were made and used ?. Old, middle and new stone age. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Study Guide- Early Humans
What are the names of the three prehistoric eras ?
Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic
What term is used to describe each era based upon the tools that were
made and used ?
Old, middle and new stone age
What scientific family classification do early human
ancestors and humans belong to ?
Hominid
What are the 2 genus names of hominids ?
Australopithecus and Homo
What are the 3 species of the genus Homo and what does each name mean ?
Homo habilis – Handy Man
Homo erectus= Standing Man
Homo Sapien = Wise man
Which Hominid was first to control fire, migrate and use a hand axe ?
Homo Erectus
Which Hominid created fire ?
Homo Sapiens
What are the two types of homo sapiens ?
Neanderthal and Cro Magnon
What were the defining features of hunter
gatherer societies ?
Paleolithic ( Stone Age): small groups, gather plants, seeds,
fruits, nuts; men hunted; painted caves, learned to use
fire to cook, developed language
What steps did humans take in developing tools and how did these tools improve their
lives ?
Old Stone Age – tools of stone , sharpened one side using another rock, other
side = handle – called choppers, used for food ;cut, chop or scrape roots, bones,
meat (Homo Habilis)
Hand Axe from flint used to break tree limbs, dig , cut
animal hides(Homo Erectus) same tools for variety of
purposes
Attach wooden handles creating spears to hunt larger
animals like deer, horses, bison and mammoths (Homo
Sapiens )
How did climate and geologic changes affect human development ?
1.6 million yra Ice Ages lasting 10,000 years created land bridge: Migrations from Africa to Asia to SE Asia and
Europe took place
Colder climate led to using animal skins to sew clothing, using caves for shelter and then building shelters called pit shelters then tents, wood,
stone and bones
Colder climate led to man making fire
Warmer climate led to new plants growing; wheat and barley growing wild drew people to settle where grains grew
Humans learned how seeds could be used to grow own crops; changing plants and
animals to be more useful to humans = domestication = shift to gathering to food producing is Neolithic
Revolution
What were some basic ingredients to the
agriculture revolution ?
Climate change to make newer plants
Understanding how to grow and domesticate
plants and animals
Language to share knowledge
Tools
Use of fire
How did the agricultural revolution of the Neolithic
era change human culture ?
Stability from growing and raising plants and animals and using animals for tasks
( carry, pull)
Not just survival means time to make clothes, build
permanent settlements, growth in population, towns,
religious ceremonies ( megathliths = huge stone
monuments maybe for religion
Surplus of crops to trade and store
Time to specialize: tool makers, builders, fishers, craftspersons, priests and
leaders
Environment changed as animals forced out with land being used to farm, plants
and trees cleared
Pottery to store food, weaving baskets and cloth
Where were early humans thought to live first and where and why did they
migrate to other locations ?
1.6 million yra Ice Ages lasting 10,000 years created a land bridge: humans moved from Africa to Asia to SE Asia and
then Europe
Who are some of the archaeologists and
anthropologists who found some of the earliest remains
of early humans and their communities ?
Mary Leakey
Donald Johanson (found Lucy)
Louis Leakey (homo habilis bones)
Raymond Dart (Taung - child skull of australopihtecine)
What were some of the most famous
archaeologist excavation sites and names of
remains they found ?
The Otzal Alps of Italy : Otzi the Iceman found
Terra Amata - site of homo erectus hunters and gatherers
Catal Huyuk in Turkey - a neolithic town
France - Caves of Lascaux - art