8/14/2019 Study Guide for Genetics

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STUDY GUIDE FOR GENETICS/DNA TEST ON February 22th/23th

General Concepts:

- As always, review and correct all old bell quizzes!! 

- Work Punnet squares until you are blue in the face.

- Review all old homework and web lessons.

- Check out some online resources for DNA structure:

http://www.moleculesinmotion.com/#animations

Look at some of the available animations (structure of DNA, what is a protein,etc).

- And for Punnet Squares:

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.htmlFollow the instructions to the left of the screen.

http://www2.edc.org/weblabs/Punnett/punnettsquares.html

If these sites do not work for you, don’t worry. You do not NEED to do them, but

they would help you.

Specific Information you should know

About Genetics and Mendel:

- Who was Gregor Mendel? What famous experiments did he do? Whatconclusions did he come to in his work?

- What were Mendel’s Three Laws of Inheritance? Do these three laws still holdtrue today?

- Why were did Mendel chose to work with peas?

- Why are genetic studies involving humans difficult and long?

- What is a parental generation? An F1 generation? An F2?

- Explain why, when Mendel crossed a pure bred purple flower to a pure bred white

flower, did he only get purple flowers? When two of those offspring were then

 bred together, why did he sometimes get white flowers? What was the ratio of 

 purple to white in the F2?

- What are alleles, phenotypes and genotypes?

- Be able to do Punnet squares!!

- Understand and be able to interpret pedigrees.

About DNA and its Structure:

- What is DNA? What does it stand for?

- Where is DNA found in the cell?

- What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

- What is a nucleotide? Not what it is made up of, but what is it?

- In most cases, is DNA in your cells double stranded or single-stranded?

8/14/2019 Study Guide for Genetics

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- When might DNA be single-stranded?

- When would DNA need to replicate itself in order to make copies?

- What are the four bases of DNA? BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THEM! Whatare their distinguishing features?

- Which bases are purines? Which bases are pyrimidines?

- What is the name of the sugar in DNA?- What are base pairs? Give an example. (ie, what base does G pair with?)

- Why does DNA form a double strand and not a single strand?

- What is a double helix? How does it apply to the shape of DNA?

- What two substances form ‘the backbone’ of the DNA double helix?

- What substances form the steps of the ladder?

- What is RNA? How is it different from DNA?

- Where is RNA found in the cell?

- What does RNA stand for?

- What is the name of the sugar in RNA?

- What four bases does RNA have?

- Why does DNA need RNA to take its message outside the nucleus?- How many bases are needed in order to code for an amino acid?

- A chain of amino acids forms what?

- What is a protein?

- If given a strand of DNA, you should be able to convert it to RNA. (change T’s

to U’s)

Study hard and GOOD LUCK!