STUDY GUIDE - Liaquat National Hospital GUIDE-FOUNDATION-2016 … · BASIC HEALTH SCIENCES CLINICAL AND ... molecular level of cell biology including genetics and its role in embryology,

LIAQUAT NATIONAL HOSPITAL

& MEDICAL COLLEGE

FOUNDATION MODULE

FIRST YEAR MBBS SEMESTER 1

STUDY GUIDE

2016-17

1ST YEAR MBBS, SEMESTER 1 FOUNDATION MODULE LIAQUAT NATIONAL MEDICAL COLLEGE

2016 Page | 2

STUDY GUIDE FOR FOUNDATION MODULE

S.No

CONTENTS Page No

1 Overview 3

2 Introduction to Study Guide 4

3 Learning Methodologies 5

4 Module 1: FOUNDATION 7

4.1 Introduction 7

4.2 Objectives and strategies 8

5 Learning Resources 22 6 Assessment Methods 24 7 Semester Examination Rules And Regulations of JSMU 28 8 Modular Examination Rules And Regulations (LNMC) 31

9 Schedule 32


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Module name: Foundation

Semester: One Year: One Duration: 8 weeks (Dec 2016 – Feb 2017)

Timetable hours: Lectures, Case-Based Learning (CBL), Self-Study, Practical, Skills,

Demonstrations, Visit to Wards & Laboratory

Credit hours: 6 credit hours in theory and 5 credit hours in practical

MODULE INTEGRATED COMMITTEE

DEPARTMENTS’ & RESOURCE PERSONS’ FACILITATING LEARNING

MODULE COORDINATOR: Professor Zia-ul-Islam (Anatomy)

CO-COORDINATORS: Professor Nighat Huda, DHCE

Dr. Kishwar Naheed (Anatomy)

BASIC HEALTH SCIENCES CLINICAL AND ANCILLARY DEPARTMENTS ANATOMY

Professor Zia-ul-Islam

Professor Faiz Muhammad Sheikh

FAMILY MEDICINE Dr. Faridah Amin

BIOCHEMISTRY Professor Jawed Altaf Baig

MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY Dr. Israr Nasir

COMMUNITY MEDICINE Professor Rafiq Soomro

OBS & GYNE Professor Haleema A. Hashmi

PATHOLOGY Professor Naveen Faridi

RESEARCH & SKILLS DEVELOPMENT CENTER Dr Kahkashan Tahir

MICROBIOLOGY Professor S. Khursheed Hassan Hashmi

PHARMACOLOGY Professor Nazir Ahmad Solangi

PHYSIOLOGY Professor Syed Hafeezul Hassan

DEPARTMENT of HEALTHCARE EDUCATION Professor Nighat Huda Dr. Mirza Aroosa Beg

LNH&MC MANAGEMENT

Professor Amir Ali Shoro, Dean & Principal, Director FHS LNH&MC Dr. Shaheena Akbani, Controller A.A & R.T LNH&MC

STUDY GUIDE COMPILED BY:

Department of Health Care Education

Dr. Muhammad Suleman Sadiq

Dr. Rabia Mahmood

Dr. Afifa Tabassum


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INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A STUDY GUIDE?

It is an aid to:

Inform students how student learning program of the semester-wise module has been

organized

Help students organize and manage their studies throughout the module

Guide students on assessment methods, rules and regulations

THE STUDY GUIDE:

Communicates information on organization and management of the module.

This will help the student to contact the right person in case of any difficulty.

Defines the objectives which are expected to be achieved at the end of the module.

Identifies the learning strategies such as lectures, small group teachings, clinical skills,

demonstration, tutorial and case based learning that will be implemented to achieve the

module objectives.

Provides a list of learning resources such as books, computer assisted learning programs,

web- links, journals, for students to consult in order to maximize their learning.

Highlights information on the contribution of continuous and semester examinations on the

student’s overall performance.

Includes information on the assessment methods that will be held to determine every student’s

achievement of objectives.

Focuses on information pertaining to examination policy, rules and regulations.

CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK

Students will experience integrated curriculum of 1st and 2nd semesters.

INTEGRATED CURRICULUM comprises of system-based modules such as foundation and blood which

links basic science knowledge to clinical problems. Integrated teaching means that subjects are

presented as a meaningful whole. Students will be able to have better understanding of basic

sciences when they repeatedly learn in relation to clinical examples.

Case-based discussions, computer-based assignments, early exposure to clinics, wards, and skills

acquisition in skills lab and physiotherapy department are characteristics of integrated teaching program.


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LEARNING METHODOLOGIES

The following teaching / learning methods are used to promote better understanding:

Interactive Lectures

Hospital / Clinic visits

Small Group Discussion

Case- Based Learning

Practicals

Skills session

E-Learning Self-Directed Study

INTERACTIVE LECTURES

In large group, the lecturer introduces a topic or common clinical conditions and explains the underlying

phenomena through questions, pictures, videos of patients’ interviews, exercises, etc. Students are

actively involved in the learning process.

HOSPITAL VISITS: In small groups, students observe patients with signs and symptoms in hospital or

clinical settings. This helps students to relate knowledge of basic and clinical sciences of the relevant

module.


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SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION (SGD): This format helps students to clarify concepts acquire skills or

attitudes. Sessions are structured with the help of specific exercises such as patient case, interviews or

discussion topics. Students exchange opinions and apply knowledge gained from lectures, tutorials and

self study. The facilitator role is to ask probing questions, summarize, or rephrase to help clarify

concepts.

CASE- BASED LEARNING: A small group discussion format where learning is focused around a series of

questions based on a clinical scenario. Students’ discuss and answer the questions applying relevant

knowledge gained in clinical and basic health sciences during the module.

PRACTICAL: Basic science practicals related to anatomy, biochemistry, pathology, pharmacology and

physiology are scheduled for student learning.

SKILLS SESSION: Skills relevant to respective module are observed and practiced where applicable in

skills laboratory or Department of Physiotherapy.

SELF DIRECTED STUDY: Students’ assume responsibilities of their own learning through individual study,

sharing and discussing with peers, seeking information from Learning Resource Center, teachers and

resource persons within and outside the college. Students can utilize the time within the college

scheduled hours of self-study.

E-LEARNING: E-Learning is a strategy by which learning occurs through the utilization of electronic

media, typically the Internet. The basic aspects of medical professionalism and ethics will be addressed

through an e-learning course.

)


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MODULE 1 : FOUNDATION

INTRODUCTION

This module has been designed to introduce you to the basics of health sciences. The course covers the

molecular level of cell biology including genetics and its role in embryology, microbiology and pathology. In

community medicine, health issues and policies on disease control at the national level will be discussed.

You will also experience clinical skills such as learning to communicate effectively so that you can relate to

patients and their loved ones with compassion and understanding in coming years. Through working within

teams, your co-operative and approachable working style will be enhanced. Through group and individual

work, you will develop problem solving skills to apply your medical knowledge to practical situations. This,

supplemented by lectures, and practical classes, is a significant component of the course.

This study guide has been developed to help guide you and keep you focused on the objectives for this

module.

Welcome to the field of medicine and hope that the journey ahead will be exciting and fulfilling for you all.


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COURSE OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

At the end of the module the students will be able to:

ANATOMY

OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES

General Histology

Explain the concept of organization of cells to tissue, tissues to organ and organs to

system.

Interactive Lecture

Describe the parts of microscope

Practical

Describe the structural organization of cell membrane and discuss the function of the

components

Describe the structure and functions of the following cytoplasmic organelles:

i. Golgi apparatus ii. Lysosomes iii. Peroxisomes iv. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum v. Rough endoplasmic reticulum vi. Ribosomes vii. Cellular inclusions viii. Mitochondria ix. Nucleus

Interactive

Lecture/Skills

Describe the ultra structure and function of the cytoskeleton

Interactive Lecture

Describe cell junction complex

Interactive Lecture

Discuss the following basic tissues of the body.

i) Epithelium

ii) Connective tissue

iii) Muscle

iv) iv) Bones

v) Cartilage

vi) Neural tissue

Interactive Lecture

Describe the microscopic features of epithelial tissues, explain their functional

importance and their surface modification

Interactive Lecture

With use of microscope identify the following:

i. Epithelium ii. Connective tissue

Practical


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Name the basic histological stains.

Define the following terms:

a) Fixation

b) Embedding

c) Sectioning

d) Staining

Practical

Describe the microscopic features of connective tissues

Differentiate between types of connective tissues: loose connective tissue, Adipose

connective tissue, reticular connective tissue, dense connective tissue, regular and

irregular

Interactive Lecture

Explain the concept of organization of cells to tissue, tissues to organ and organs to

system.

Interactive Lecture

Describe the structural organization of cell membrane and discuss the function of the

components. Describe the structure and functions of the following cytoplasmic

organelles:

x. Golgi apparatus xi. Lysosomes xii. Peroxisomes xiii. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum xiv. Rough endoplasmic reticulum xv. Ribosomes xvi. Cellular inclusions xvii. Mitochondria xviii. Nucleus

Interactive

Lecture/Skills

GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY

Explain the basic terms related to embryology

Small Group

Discussion /lecture

Explain cell cycle, division, abnormal cell division and mutations

Small Group

Discussion

Differentiate between the stages of mitosis and meiosis

Small Group

Discussion

Discuss male reproductive organs and their functions

Small Group

Discussion

Discuss female reproductive organs and their functions

Small Group

Discussion

Describe the process of spermiogenesis, oogenesis and ovulation

Interactive Lecture

Describe the phases of female reproductive cycles and their disturbance leading to

polymenorrhoea, oligomenorrhea and infertility

Interactive

Lecture/Case-Based

Learning


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Correlate the cyclic changes occurring in the ovary with that of uterus with their

endocrine control

Interactive Lecture

Describe the phases of fertilization

Interactive Lecture

Discuss the results of fertilization

Interactive Lecture

Discuss artificial reproductive techniques and Describe the steps involved during in

vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

Small Group

Discussion

Describe cleavage and blastocyst formation

Interactive Lecture

Discuss the results of implantation at abnormal site

Interactive Lecture /

Case-Based Learning

Describe the events of the second week of development including: i) Formation of

amniotic cavity, amnion, bilaminar embryonic disc, yolk sac, chorionic sac and primary

chorionic villi

Interactive Lecture

Describe the following events of the third week of development. i) Formation of

primitive streak and notochord ii) Gastrulation iii) Formation of neural tube iv)

Formation of somites v) Formation of intra embryonic coelom vi) Formation of blood

cells and blood vessels vii) Formation of secondary and tertiary chorionic villi

Interactive Lecture

Describe folding of embryo and its results

Interactive Lecture

Discuss the derivatives of germ layers and neural crest cells

Small Group

Discussion /Tutorial

Describe the structure, development and functions of placenta and fetal membranes

Interactive Lecture

Discuss the important events of embryonic period from 4th week to 8th week


Small Group

Discussion/Tutorial

Discuss the events of fetal period


Small Group

Discussion/Tutorial

Describe the types of twin / multiple pregnancies


Small Group

Discussion/ Case-

Based Learning

i) Define teratogenesis.

ii) Classify the teratogens.

iii) Describe the basic principles of teratogenesis


Small Group

Discussion / Case-

Based Learning


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Discuss the common congenital anamolies

Case-Based

Learning/Small

Group Discussion

Calculate the expected date of delivery (EDD) and describe various methods used to

assess fetal wellbeing

Small Group

Discussion /Tutorial

Identify the placenta, fetal membranes, umbilical cord, germ layers, stages of

fertilization on a given model, photograph or specimen

Practical

GENERAL ANATOMY

Discuss the history of anatomy Interactive Lecture

Discuss anatomy including its various branches and state their practical application in

different fields of medicine

Small Group

Discussion

Discuss the various techniques related to living anatomy such as:

• Plain and contrast radiographs

• Radio-opaque media

• Special X-ray techniques like Barium meal and Angiography etc

• Ultrasonography

• CT

• MRI

• Endoscopy

Small Group

Discussion

Discuss the integration of structures and functions of human body by relating with the

arrangement of different levels organization

Small Group

Discussion

Describe the terms of position in relation to anatomical position:

i. Anterior / Posterior

ii. Ventral / Dorsal

iii. Superior / Inferior

iv. Caudal / Rostral

v. Medial / Lateral

vi. Proximal / Distal

vii. Palmar / plantar

viii. Superficial /Deep

Small Group

Discussion

Describe the different anatomical planes

Small Group

Discussion


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Describe the terms of movements at joints:

i. Flexion / Extension

ii. Abduction / Adduction

iii. Lateral rotation / Medial rotation

iv. Pronation / Supination

v. Plantar flexion / Dorsal flexion

vi. Circumduction

vii. Eversion / Inversion

Small Group

Discussion

Introduction to Skeletal system (Bones and Joints)

i. Describe the parts of appendicular and axial skeleton ii. Discuss the functions of bone

iii. Classify bones on the basis of shape, development, region and structure iv. Describe general concepts of development and ossification of bones v. List the parts of young bone

vi. Explain the blood supply of long bones vii. Classify joint on the basis of structure, regions and functions.

viii. Discuss the characteristics of synovial joints ix. Classify synovial joints on the basis of structure and movement x. Define dislocation, sprain and inflammation of joints

Interactive Lecture

Introduction to Muscular System:

i. Classify muscles ii. Define spasm, paralysis, atrophy and regeneration

Interactive Lecture

Discuss the following terms:

i. Ossification

ii. Ligament

iii. Aponeurosis

iv. Raphe

v. Fascia

vi. Tendon

vii. Synovial sheath

viii. Bursa

Small Group

Discussion

Discuss the following:

i. Arteries ii. Arterioles iii. Capillaries iv. Veins v. Venules vi. Anastomosis vii. Lymphatics

Small Group

Discussion


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Introduction to Nervous System:

• Discuss the general organization of nervous system

• Classify nervous system on the basis of structure and function

• Discuss the general organization of Autonomic Nervous System

Interactive Lecture

Describe reflex arc and list its components

Interactive Lecture

Describe gross anatomy of blood vascular system

Interactive Lecture

Integrate the function of defence with the general anatomy of lymph nodes and

lymphatics

Interactive Lecture

Appreciate the function of support and protection by using the general anatomy of skin

and fascias Interactive Lecture

BIOCHEMISTRY


BIOCHEMISTRY OF CELL

Discuss the importance of Biochemistry and explain the scientific methods to study the

cell biochemistry Interactive Lecture

Describe the biochemical composition and functions of different compartments of

cell/organelle Interactive Lecture

BIOCHEMISTRY OF CELL & BODY FLUIDS( BIOPHYSICS)

Describe acid, base, buffer & pH Interactive Lecture

Discuss dissociation constant, titration curve of weak acids and henderson hasselbach

equation Interactive Lecture

Describe the importance of membrane permeability, types of particles, colloids &

surface tension, viscosity, osmosis with its clinical application Interactive Lecture

Describe the structure, Ionization & clinical application of water Interactive Lecture

CHEMISTRY OF CARBOHYDRATE & THEIR BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE

Define and classify carbohydrates

Explain structure, formation (glycosidic bond) and functions of monosaccharide,

disaccharide, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide and recognize their biomedical

importance

Interactive Lecture

Explain glycemic index of carbohydrates, and its importance in diet Interactive Lecture


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PROTEINS AND THEIR BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE

Define Proteins & Amino Acids

Classify Amino acid on the basis of structure, appreciates its properties, nutritional

significance & appreciate its biological role

Interactive Lecture

Classify protein on the basis of physiochemical properties, functions and chemical

reactions; and recognize their importance in balanced diet and health Interactive Lecture

Explain the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of protein Interactive Lecture

LIPIDS AND THEIR BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE

Describe lipids & fatty acids

Classify lipids and fatty acids; describe properties and biological functions of simple,

compound, derived and essential lipids

Interactive Lecture

ENZYMES

Describe enzymes

Discuss classification, properties, and mechanism of action & inhibitors of enzyme

activity

Interactive Lecture

MICRONUTRIENTS & MACRONUTRIENTS

Describe biochemical aspect of a balanced diet (macronutrients) Interactive Lecture

Describe biochemical aspect of a balanced diet (micronutrients) Interactive Lecture

NUCLEIC ACIDS & GENETICS

Describe Nucleic Acid and their types ,structure & function Interactive Lecture

Explain the importance of nucleic acids in protein synthesis and Genetics Interactive Lecture


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COMMUNITY MEDICINE


Define common terminologies of community medicine such as community medicine, five star doctor, preventive medicine, comprehensive health service, public health etc

Interactive Lecture

Describe the concept of social, mental and physical health

Interactive Lecture

Describe the various theories of disease causation including superstitious theory, miasmatic, germ and ecological theories, etc

Interactive Lecture

Explain the various segments of the iceberg phenomenon and the application of the diagnostic and screening tests

Interactive Lecture

Describe the four levels of prevention and their components

Interactive Lecture

Describe the application of the levels of prevention on communicable and non-communicable diseases

Interactive Lecture

Define and differentiate between terms such as disease control and prevention, disease elimination and eradication

Interactive Lecture

Describe the Primary Health Care program and its assessment through Health for all by year 2000

Interactive Lecture

Describe the functions of health delivery system of Pakistan

Interactive Lecture

Identify the role of International Health agencies such as WHO, UNICEF, and others in strengthening the health systems of countries

Interactive Lecture


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HEALTH CARE EDUCATION/FAMILY MEDICINE


INTRODUCTION

Discuss the following aspects covered in the LNMC study guide:

Rationale of study guide

Modular curriculum

Learning strategies

Resource faculty

Learning Resources

Assessment methods and policies

Relate those aspects of study guide as partner in effective learning


Small Group

Discussion

Identify different methods of assessment used in LNMC modular exams

Relate to LNMC/JSMU assessment policies

Interactive Lecture/

Small Group

Discussion

PROFESSIONALISM & ETHICS

Recognize and critically analyze the professional and ethical issues that may arise during

learning and practice of health care

Engage in self-reflection

Apply principles of effective interpersonal relationships while learning in a group

Interactive

Lecture/Small Group

Discussion/

E-Learning

COMMUNICATIONS

Identify the qualities of a good doctor and his/her role in patient care

Describe the basic consultation skills

Discuss the concept of professionalism in medicine, including medical ethics, patient

autonomy and confidentiality

Small Group

Discussion


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MICROBIOLOGY


Define and differentiate between Eukaryote and Prokaryote

Lecture/ Small Group

Discussion

Describe basic components, shapes and sizes of viruses and bacteria

Describe specialized extensions outside cell wall

Discuss spore and steps of sporulation

Discuss genetics and DNA

Describe mode of transfer of genetic material among bacteria and mutation and its type

Describe different phases of growth cycle and their importance

Demonstrate method of gram staining, differentiate between Gram’s positive and Gram’s negative bacterial cell wall

Practical

GENERAL PATHOLOGY


CELL INJURY

Define the four aspects of disease process

8 Lectures / 3 Small

Group Discussion

Define the different cellular adaptations and give appropriate physiologic and

pathologic examples

identify the different categories of cell injury causes

Explain the morphologic and functional changes following reversible cell injury

Describe the morphologic changes in necrosis and its patterns with examples

Describe the biochemical mechanisms of cell injury

Explain how ischemic injury progresses from irreversible injury to necrosis

Explain mechanisms of ischemia reperfusion injury

Describe apoptosis with different examples in physiologic and pathologic situation

Describe the morphologic and biochemical changes in apoptosis


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Explain in detail the mechanism of apoptosis

Compare the differences between apoptosis and necrosis

Describe the four main processes responsible for intracellular accumulations

Identify the different disease examples of intracellular lipid, protein and carbohydrate

accumulations

Describe the different endogenous and exogenous intracellular pigments

Define pathologic calcification

Compare the difference between dystrophic and metastatic calcification

GENETICS

Explain the role of genes in various human disease

3 Lectures/3 Small

Group Discussion

Describe the basic genetic terms

Explain the mendelian and non mendelia inheritance patterns

Describe select examples of mendelian disorders

Describe the chromosomal mutaions and common diseases caused by them

Identify the various various molecular genetic test


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PHARMACOLOGY

TOPIC STRATEGY

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY

Define terms used in Pharmacology. (Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacotherapeutics, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy, Pharmacogenomics, Drug, Placebo)

Explain the different sources of drugs

Describe the different types of drug preparations and dosage forms

Interactive Lecture

ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

Classify the different routes of drug administration

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different routes of drug administration

Give examples of drugs administered through various routes

Interactive Lecture

PHARMACOKINETICS

DRUG ABSORPTION

Explain the mechanisms by which drugs cross cell membranes

List the pharmacokinetic drug parameters and their significance

Define and explain bioavailability

Discuss factors that affect drug bioavailability/absorption

Explain first-pass effect

Interactive Lecture

DRUG DISTRIBUTION

Define and explain Vd

Discuss the factors that modify drug distribution

Explain plasma protein binding of drugs and its effect on drug distribution and drug interactions

Calculate Vd and explain drug characteristics on basis of Vd value

Interactive Lecture

DRUG METABOLISM

Explain the purpose of drug metabolism

List the various phases and reactions of drug metabolism and role of CYP 450 enzymes

Discuss the factors affecting drug metabolism

Define hepatic enzyme induction and inhibitors with examples. Explain clinical consequences of enzyme induction and inhibition.

Give examples of some drugs with well defined genetically-induced differences in rates of drug metabolism

Interactive Lecture

DRUG HALF-LIFE

Define half-life of drugs

Explain factors affecting half-life of drugs

Explain steady state dug concentration and calculate time required to reach steady-state levels

Calculate half-life of drugs and drug concentration in plasma at different times after drug administration

Calculate loading and maintenance dose of drugs and importance of giving loading dose

Case-Based Learning


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DRUG EXCRETION

List the different routes of drug elimination.

Explain hepatic and renal drug elimination.

Define drug clearance

Explain the relationship between clearance, volume of distribution and half-life of drugs.

Explain and compare first and zero-order elimination of drugs

Practical

PHARMACODYNAMICS

DRUG RECEPTORS

List the different drug receptor super-families with examples of each types

Explain the mechanisms of ligand gated ion channels, G-protein coupled and intracellular receptors

Lecture

DOSE RESPONSE CURVES

Explain the graded and quantal dose-response curves. Define the terms ED50, LD50, TD50

Define the terms affinity, efficacy and potency and compare the efficacy and potency of drugs on the basis of dose-response curves

Classify the different types of pharmacologic drug agonists

Classify the different types of drug antagonists with examples

Explain the terms therapeutic index, therapeutic window and explain their importance with examples. Calculate therapeutic index of drug

Case-Based Learning

& Tutorial

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Explain pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions with examples

Discuss different types of drug interactions with examples

Interactive Lecture

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

Classify the adverse drug reactions with examples

Define and explain terms: teratogeic drugs, idiosyncracy, anaphylaxis, tachyphylaxis, hypersensitivity, supersensitivity and desensitization

Interactive Lecture

POWER LAB

Define the different types of pharmacological experiments

Explain the parts of a power-lab

Explain physiological solution – composition and role of components of Tyrode’s solution

Calculate and prepare of drug dilutions

Practical


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PHYSIOLOGY

OBJECTIVES STRATEGY

Recognize the importance of Physiology in modern medicine Interactive Lecture

Describe functional organization of human body and fluid compartments Interactive Lecture &

Small Group

Discussion

Recognize the role of physiochemical aspects for the maintenance of homeostasis

Discus Homeostasis positive feedback mechanism relate to the cyclical changes

occurring in the uterus with ovulation

Interactive Lecture &

Small Group

Discussion

Explain composition and basic structure of cell membrane, its functional importance

and adaptation Interactive Lecture

Describe the different types of transport mechanism through cell membrane

Describe diffusion and explain its physical basis

Lecture & Small

Group Discussion

Define the term tonicity and distinguish between isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic

solutions Practical

Discuss the chemistry of signals, receptors and importance of lipid and proteins in

membranes

Lecture & Small

Group Discussion

Describe the structure and functions of various cell organelles Lecture & Small

Group Discussion

Explain intercellular connection and communication Lecture & Small

Group Discussion

Define the apoptosis and discuss the mechanism of cell repair Lecture & Small

Group Discussion

RESEARCH & SKILLS LAB

OBJECTIVES STRATEGY

Identify the indications of hand washing

Demonstrate the protocols and steps of hand washing in sequential manner

Small Group

Discussion


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LEARNING RESOURCES

SUBJECT RESOURCES

ANATOMY

A. GROSS ANATOMY 1. K.L. Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy 2. Neuro Anatomy by Richard Snell

B. HISTOLOGY 1. B. Young J. W. Health Wheather’s Functional Histology

C. EMBRYOLOGY 1. Keith L. Moore. The Developing Human 2. Langman’s Medical Embryology

BIOCHEMISTRY

A. TEXTBOOKS 1. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry 2. Lehninger Principle of Biochemistry 3. Biochemistry by Devlin

COMMUNITY MEDICINE

A. TEXT BOOKS 1. Community Medicine by Parikh 2. Community Medicine by M Illyas 3. Basic Statistics for the Health Sciences by Jan W Kuzma

PATHOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY

A. TEXT BOOKS 1. Robbins & Cotran, Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition. 2. Rapid Review Pathology, 4th edition by Edward F. Goljan MD

1. http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html 2. http://www.pathologyatlas.ro/

PHARMACOLOGY

A. TEXT BOOKS 1. Lippincot Illustrated Pharmacology 2. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by Katzung

PHYSIOLOGY

A. TEXTBOOKS 1. Textbook Of Medical Physiology by Guyton And Hall 2. Ganong ‘ S Review of Medical Physiology 3. Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood 4. Berne & Levy Physiology 5. Best & Taylor Physiological Basis of Medical Practice

B. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Guyton & Hall Physiological Review 2. Essentials Of Medical Physiology by Jaypee 3. Textbook Of Medical Physiology by InduKhurana 4. Short Textbook Of Physiology by Mrthur 5. NMS Physiology

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&field-author=Edward+F.+Goljan+MD&search-alias=books&text=Edward+F.+Goljan+MD&sort=relevancerank

http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html

http://www.pathologyatlas.ro/


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OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES

Hands-on Activities/ Practical Students will be involved in Practical sessions and hands-on activities that link with the foundation module to enhance the learning.

Labs Utilize the lab to relate the knowledge to the specimens and models

available.

Skill Labs A skills lab provides the simulators to learn the basic skills and

procedures. This helps build the confidence to approach the patients.

Videos

Video familiarize the student with the procedures and protocols to assist

patients.

Computer

Lab/CDs/DVDs/Internet

Resources:

To increase the knowledge students should utilize the available internet

resources and CDs/DVDs. This will be an additional advantage to increase

learning.

Self Learning

Self Learning is scheduled to search for information to solve cases, read

through different resources and discuss among the peers and with the

faculty to clarify the concepts.


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ASSESSMENT METHODS:

Theory (knowledge): Best Choice Questions (BCQs) also known as MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)

and EMQs (Extending Matching Questions) are used to asses objectives covered in each module.

BCQs:

A BCQ has a statement or clinical scenario followed by four options (likely answers).

After reading the statement/scenario student select ONE, the most appropriate answer/response

from the given list of options.

Correct answer carries one mark, and incorrect ‘zero mark’. There is NO negative marking.

Students mark their responses on specified computer-based sheet designed for LNMC. o Sample BCQs:

A 25 year old patient presented with the complain of productive cough, breathlessness and wheezing.

He has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The most common risk factor for the disease is:

a) Air pollution

b) Coal mining

c) Infection

d) Tobacco smoke

EMQs:

An EMQ has:

o An option list of 5-15 nerve supply, functions, diagnosis, investigations etc

o A Lead In –Statement/Question

o Two to four Stems or Clinical Scenarios

For each stem or clinical scenario, the student should choose the most appropriate option from

the option list.

A single option can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Correct answer carries one mark and incorrect ‘zero mark’. There is NO negative marking.

Student mark their responses on a specified computer-based sheet for EMQs.


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o Sample EMQ:

Options:

A. Mitochondria

B. Ribosomes

C. Centrioles

D. Golgi Apparatus

E. Nucleolus

F. Lysosome

G. Endoplasmic Reticulum

H. Nucleus

For each of the following functions given below, choose the most appropriate cell organelle.

1. Digestion (F)

2. Protein synthesis (B)

3. Power house of the cell (A)

4. Cell division mediator (C)

OSPE: Objective Structured Practical Examination (See the proposed plan of OSPE)

It may comprise between 12- 25 stations.

The content may assess application of knowledge, or practical skills.

Student will complete task in define time at one given station.

All the students are assessed on the same content by the same examiner in the same allocated

time.

A structured examination will have observed, unobserved, interactive and rest stations.

Observed and interactive stations: They will be assessed by internal or external examiners through the task or viva.

Unobserved station:

It will be static station in which students will have to answer the questions related to the

given pictures, models or specimens on the provided response sheet.

Rest station:

It is a station where no task is given, and during this time student can organize his/her

thoughts.


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Internal Evaluation

During the module, students will be assessed to determine achievement of module objectives.

Module Examination: will be scheduled on completion of each module. The method of

examination comprises theory exam which includes BCQs, and practical (Objective

Structured Practical Examination).

20% marks of internal evaluation will be added in theory of semester exam. That 20%

may include class tests, assignment, journals and the modular exam which all have

specific marks allocation.

Example : Number of Marks allocated for Semester Theory and Internal Evaluation

Semester

Semester Examination Theory Marks

Internal Evaluation (Class tests + Journals + Assignments + Modular

Exam)

Total (Theory)

80% 20% 100%

Formative Assessment

Individual department may hold quiz or short answer questions to help students assess

their own learning. The marks obtained are not included in the internal evaluation

More than 75% attendance is

needed to sit for the modular and

semester examinations


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SEMESTER EXAMINATION RULES & REGULATIONS OF JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

(JSMU)

In one academic year there will be two semesters. The semester duration is approximately

sixteen weeks.

Each semester may have two to three modules from two to eight weeks duration.

JSMU EXAMINATIONS:

JSMU will schedule and hold Semester Examinations on completion of each semester.

In one academic year, there will be two semester examinations and one Retake Examination.

MBBS First year:

Semester I examination is scheduled on completion of Foundation & Blood Modules.

Semester II Examination is scheduled on completion of Locomotor, Respiratory and CVS Modules.

Examination Protocols:

In each semester, module will be assessed by theory paper comprising MCQs and EMQs. For

example, semester 1 will have separate paper for Foundation and Blood Module.

There will be one OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination) which will cover both

modules of semester one.

1. Theory (Knowledge)

Theory paper will comprise of 80 one best type MCQs and 20 EMQs.

Time duration for theory paper will be 120 minutes.

Students will mark their responses on JSMU specified response sheets assessed by computer

software.

It will carry out 80% contribution in theory results of the Semester.

There is no negative marking.

2. OSPE:

It is held at the respective college unless specified by JSMU.

It may comprise between 12- 25 stations. Each station will carry 10 marks.

All students begin and end at the same time.

The content assessed is the same for all students.

The time allocated for each station is the same.


2016 Page | 29

3. JSMU Grading System

It will be based on GPA – 4 system

Marks obtained in Percentage range

Numerical Grade

Alphabetical Grade

80-100 4.0 A+ 75-79 4.0 A 70-74 3.7 A- 67-69 3.3 B+ 63-66 3.0 B 60-62 2.7 B- 56-59 2.3 C+ 50-55 2.0 C

<50 Un-grade-able 0 U

A candidate obtaining GPA less than 2.00 (50%) is declared un-graded (fail).

Cumulative transcript is issued at the end of clearance of all modules.

4. Retake Examination

The failures are to re-appear in subsequent examinations.

It is held once a year that is after the even number semesters. For example at the end of second, fourth, sixth, eighth or tenth semester.

Retake examinations are for those students who fail in semester examinations, and who wish to

improve grades (GPA) secured in semester examinations.

The candidate who has passed the semester examinations with GPA less than 3.0 GPA may re- appear in respective retake examination to improve grades.

MBBS first year Candidates failing in retake examinations may re-appear in semesters’

examinations of the following year. The format is exactly the same as in semester examinations.

EXAMPLE OF PROMOTION RULES:

A student who fails in Semester One Examination and passes Semester Two, s/he will take Retake for

Semester One Examination. S/he passes Semester one retake and is promoted to 2nd year. If that

student FAILS in Retake, s/he will be promoted to 2nd year BUT will have to Pass Semester One

examination in Second year along with Semester Three and Four examinations for promotion to third

year.


2016 Page | 30

5. Promotion to next class

Students who pass both semester examinations are promoted from first year to second year.

Students who fail the MBBS first year semester retake examination will be promoted to second year.

Students will be promoted from second year to third year and onward only if they have passed

the semester examinations of that year.

Clearance of all modules and their components of semester one to four are mandatory for promotion from second year to third year (as per PMDC rules).

As per PMDC rules any candidate failing to clear a module or its component in four (1+3)

attempts is NOT allowed to carry out further medical education.

To pass all modules and their components of semester/s are mandatory for promotion from third year onward.

(Albert Einstein


2016 Page | 31

MODULAR EXAMINATION RULES & REGULATIONS (LNH&MC)

Student must report to examination hall/venue, 30 minutes before the exam.

Exam will begin sharp at the given time.

No student will be allowed to enter the examination hall after 15 minutes of scheduled

examination time.

Students must sit according to their roll numbers mentioned on the seats.

Cell phones are strictly not allowed in examination hall.

If any student is found with cell phone in any mode (silent, switched off or on) he/she will be not

be allowed to continue their exam.

No students will be allowed to sit in exam without University Admit Card, LNMC College ID Card

and Lab Coat

Student must bring the following stationary items for the exam: Pen, Pencil, Eraser, and

Sharpener.

Indiscipline in the exam hall/venue is not acceptable. Students must not possess any written

material or communicate with their fellow students.


2016 Page | 32

SCHEDULE:

WEEKS 1ST YEAR SEMESTER 1 MONTH

WEEK 1

FOUNDATION MODULE

19th Dec 2016 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7

WEEK 8 10th Feb 2017*

MODULAR EXAM 13th & 14th Feb 2017*

WEEK 1

BLOOD MODULE

20th Feb 2017*

WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7

WEEK 8 14th April 2017*

MODULAR EXAM 17th & 18th April 2017*

PREPARATORY LEAVE

SEMESTER EXAM May 2017*

*Final dates will be announced later

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