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Study of the acoustic field generated by the electron beam in water. Olga Ershova July, 19 th 2006 INFN Genova. Acoustic neutrino detection. Proposed in 1957 Detection of acoustic signals produced by neutrino-induced showers in water E > 10 15 eV. 2 / 24. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Study of the acoustic fieldgenerated by the electron beam in water
Olga Ershova
July, 19th 2006INFN Genova
Acoustic neutrino detection
• Proposed in 1957
• Detection of acoustic signals produced by neutrino-induced showers in water
• E > 1015 eV
2 / 24
Two methods of neutrino detection
Light attenuation length ~ 20-40 m
Sound attenuation length ~ 1 km
Large effective volume of the detector is achievable with reasonable number of acoustic sensors
Cherenkov detection:
Acoustic detection:
3 / 24
Thermal mechanism of sound generation in water
Neutrino produces а hadronic shower
Heat release localizedalong the shower
Instant volume expansion
Pressure wave
XN )(µ
νµ 4 / 24
Energy deposition area(for E = 1020 eV):
d = 20 cm
L = 20 m
Area of signal propagation:
5 / 24
Acoustic signal characteristics
Bipolar shape1.
Max = 10 kHz
E > 1015 eV:f = 1 - 100 kHz
Frequency range2.
E = 1020 eVhadronicshower
6 / 24
• Brookhaven NL, Harvard (1979)• ITEP (2004)
• INR (1987)• MSU SINP (2006)
Acoustic experimentson the accelerators
protons
electrons
The only way to study acoustic effects from particle showers are the accelerator experiments in intense beams of protons and electrons
7 / 24
Acoustic experimentsin MSU
(April - May 2006)
8 / 24
MSU electron accelerator
E 50 MeV
Beam duration 5 µs
Beam repeat time 10 Hz
Beam current ~ 3 mA
N 9·1010 particles / spill
E (total) 1018 eV
9 / 24
MSU electron accelerator(RTM-70)
10 / 24
Modeling
• Proton beam(d = 2 cm, E = 200 MeV, N = 4·1010)
• Electron beam(d = 4 mm, E = 50 MeV, N = 9·1010)
11 / 24
Mean energy loss per path length unitof protons and electrons in water
Z, mm
dE/d
Z, M
eV/m
m
12 / 24
Z, mm
X, m
m
Energy loss, MeV/mm3
Protons
Mean energy loss per unit of volume
13 / 24
Z, mm
X, m
m
Energy loss, MeV/mm3
Electrons
Mean energy loss per unit of volume
14 / 24
Transverse distribution of energy loss for several beam cross-sections
Протоныбез коллиматора
Electrons
15 / 24
Experimental set-up
945 mm 508 mm
523
mm
46 mm
beam
hydrophone hydrophone
Y Y
Z X
16 / 24
Acoustic Basin 100x50x50 cm3
Beam pipebeam
Scanner(step = 4.5 mm)
17 / 24
Piezoelectric hydrophonesused for the measurements
18 / 24
Points of measurement
• 6 linear tracks:I,II,III,IV along the beam axis, V,VI - across.
• I,II,III,IV: 100 points;V,VI: 40 points.
• The step is equal to 4.5 mm.
19 / 24
Amplifier 150 dB 20 - 200 kHz
hydrophone
Beam current transformer
computer
Electric diagram
Amplifier 2 10 dB 10 - 100 kHz
Oscilloscope
• Observation time: 1 ms
• Digitization frequency: 10 MHz
• 650 oscillograms recorded
20 / 24
Recorded acoustic signal(x = 6 cm, step 10)
Hydrophone
Beam currenttransformer
40 µs, R=6 cm
21 / 24
Beam current calculated for each measurement
Signals normalized to 1 mA beam current
Plotted one under anotherwith 1 step distance between them
22 / 24
beam
Space-time structureof the acoustic field (x = 6 cm)
Signal from the beam point closest to the hydrophone
Signal from the area of beam entrance
beam
Z = 0 cm
X
Z = 40 cm
hydrophone
X = 6 cm
23 / 24
Space-time structureof the acoustic field (z = 20 cm)
beam
X = 0 cm
X = 30 cm
hydrophone
Z = 20 cm
Z
24 / 24