Study on the mobility needs of elderly people for the European Metropolitan Transport Authorities Validation Workshop Frankfurt (Main) 13 October 2006

Study on the mobility needs of elderly Study on the mobility needs of elderly

people for the European Metropolitan people for the European Metropolitan

Transport AuthoritiesTransport Authorities

Study on the mobility needs of elderly Study on the mobility needs of elderly

people for the European Metropolitan people for the European Metropolitan

Transport AuthoritiesTransport AuthoritiesValidation Workshop

Frankfurt (Main) 13 October 2006

Siegfried Rupprecht, Matthias Fiedler

Study on mobility needs of elderly people for EMTA – Validation WorkshopFrankfurt (Main), 13 October 2006

OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview

Aims of the Validation Workshop Background: Changing Demography and

Mobility Behaviour Challenges for passengers and PT sector Preliminary results from the field work Preliminary recommendations and conclusions Preview to the final report

Aims of the Validation Workshop Background: Changing Demography and

Mobility Behaviour Challenges for passengers and PT sector Preliminary results from the field work Preliminary recommendations and conclusions Preview to the final report


Aims of the Validation WorkshopAims of the Validation Workshop


Aims of the Validation WorkshopAims of the Validation WorkshopAims of the Validation WorkshopAims of the Validation Workshop

Discussion and weighting of the preliminary results

Condense the information for the Final Report

Main Questions:

What are priorities of the Final Report? Are there remaining gaps to be addressed?

Discussion and weighting of the preliminary results

Condense the information for the Final Report

Main Questions:

What are priorities of the Final Report? Are there remaining gaps to be addressed?


Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour

Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour


Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (I)Mobility Behaviour (I)Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (I)Mobility Behaviour (I)

Shifts in population balance

0

10

20

30

40

1995 2005 2050

Source: EUROSTAT 2006

Sh

are

of

60+

in %

EU-25

France

Germany

Spain

Sweden

UK

Impacts on Society, Economy and Transport Increasing share of single households

Impacts on Society, Economy and Transport Increasing share of single households


Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (II)Mobility Behaviour (II)Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (II)Mobility Behaviour (II)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Km/year

Source: MiD 2004 (Data for Germany 2002)

Retired persons Average population Employed Persons

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Trips/year

Retired persons Average population Employed Persons

Senior citizens are still mobile (approx.3 trips/day) Shorter trips Environment of the own home becomes more important

Senior citizens are still mobile (approx.3 trips/day) Shorter trips Environment of the own home becomes more important


Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (III)Mobility Behaviour (III)Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (III)Mobility Behaviour (III)

Modal split (trips)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Under 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80 - 84 84+

Source: ILS 2005 2004 (Data for Northrhine-Westphalia 2002)

PT

Private car - passenger

Private car - driver

Cycling

Walking

Walking and PT increases, car use decreases Considerable differences within senior group: Age(ing)

has to be seen as a process rather than a stage

Walking and PT increases, car use decreases Considerable differences within senior group: Age(ing)

has to be seen as a process rather than a stage


Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (IV)Mobility Behaviour (IV)Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (IV)Mobility Behaviour (IV)

Trip purposes

0%

10%

20%30%

40%

50%

60%

70%80%

90%

100%

Averagepopulation

50 - 59 60 - 64 65+


leisure

other activities

shopping

work/school

Leisure and Shopping related trips have more weight Also other activities (e.g. social engagement, support

of family/friends) become more relevant

Leisure and Shopping related trips have more weight Also other activities (e.g. social engagement, support

of family/friends) become more relevant


Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (V)Mobility Behaviour (V)Background: Changes in Demography and Background: Changes in Demography and Mobility Behaviour (V)Mobility Behaviour (V)

Frequency of PT use (short/middle distance)

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Populationaverage

Pensionistssingles

Pensionistshouseholds


other

neverless frequently

monthlyweekly

(almost) daily

High dependency on gender, license holdership and household status

High-aged single women are loyal PT costumers, while couples and single men keep on using private car even they got difficulties

High dependency on gender, license holdership and household status

High-aged single women are loyal PT costumers, while couples and single men keep on using private car even they got difficulties


Challenges for Passengers and PT sector

Challenges for Passengers and PT sector


ChallengesChallenges (I) (I)ChallengesChallenges (I) (I)

The link between age and locomotor disability

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

45 -54 55 - 64 65-74 75 - 84 85+

Source: DfT 2005 (Data for the EU)

% w

ith

loco

mo

tor

dis

abili

ty

men

women


Challenges (II)Challenges (II)Challenges (II)Challenges (II)

Diminished motor, sensory and cognitive abilities• Senior people are slower and more insecure in their movements• Many have a hearing or vision loss• Orientation or cognitive problems can also form a barrier• Travelling is in general more exhausting to seniors than to young

people Social and psychological barriers

• Anonymity: approachable staff in vehicles and at major stops• Fears: Security and safety, loss of control/orientation• More sensitive towards quality and cleanliness• Other people are often perceived as inconsiderate• Lack of self-confidence: More likely to give in when problems occur

Economical barriers depend much on the particular region

Diminished motor, sensory and cognitive abilities• Senior people are slower and more insecure in their movements• Many have a hearing or vision loss• Orientation or cognitive problems can also form a barrier• Travelling is in general more exhausting to seniors than to young

people Social and psychological barriers

• Anonymity: approachable staff in vehicles and at major stops• Fears: Security and safety, loss of control/orientation• More sensitive towards quality and cleanliness• Other people are often perceived as inconsiderate• Lack of self-confidence: More likely to give in when problems occur

Economical barriers depend much on the particular region


Challenges (III)Challenges (III)Challenges (III)Challenges (III)

Increasing number of driving licence holders, particularly among elderly women

Increasing number of driving licence holders, particularly among elderly women



Challenges (IV)Challenges (IV)Challenges (IV)Challenges (IV) Senior people in the future will have better

health, higher levels of education, better housing and higher incomes than older people now

The share of driving license holders will increase, also more seniors will dispose of a private car

Driving a car is strongly related to quality of life for most seniors

Ageing in suburbia: Many seniors will live in housing areas of lower density and outside the city centres

This calls both for higher levels and new forms of service and customer attendance

Senior people in the future will have better health, higher levels of education, better housing and higher incomes than older people now

The share of driving license holders will increase, also more seniors will dispose of a private car

Driving a car is strongly related to quality of life for most seniors

Ageing in suburbia: Many seniors will live in housing areas of lower density and outside the city centres

This calls both for higher levels and new forms of service and customer attendance


Challenges (summary)Challenges (summary)Challenges (summary)Challenges (summary)

Public Transport can play an important role ensuring independency and participation in social life

But many of tomorrow’s seniors will not be familiar with public transport

Solutions on the technical but even more on the societal/psychological side

It is better to speak of ‘efforts of travelling’ than of insuperable barriers: If the efforts are too big, seniors use another mean of transport – or even cancel the trip: “Why should I make this effort?”

Public Transport can play an important role ensuring independency and participation in social life

But many of tomorrow’s seniors will not be familiar with public transport

Solutions on the technical but even more on the societal/psychological side

It is better to speak of ‘efforts of travelling’ than of insuperable barriers: If the efforts are too big, seniors use another mean of transport – or even cancel the trip: “Why should I make this effort?”


Preliminary Results from the Preliminary Results from the FieldworkFieldworkPreliminary Results from the Preliminary Results from the FieldworkFieldwork


Work accomplished (I)Work accomplished (I) Work accomplished (I)Work accomplished (I)

Set-up of shared workspace Questionnaire campaign: 33 questionnaires

received, whereof 30 were suitable for analysis Site visits in 6 agglomerations: Birmingham

(UK), Lille (France), Göteborg (Sweden), Manchester (UK), Rhine-Ruhr Area (Germany), Salzburg (Austria)

Interview with geriatric medical (Further interviews envisaged)

Set-up of shared workspace Questionnaire campaign: 33 questionnaires

received, whereof 30 were suitable for analysis Site visits in 6 agglomerations: Birmingham

(UK), Lille (France), Göteborg (Sweden), Manchester (UK), Rhine-Ruhr Area (Germany), Salzburg (Austria)

Interview with geriatric medical (Further interviews envisaged)


Work accomplished (II)Work accomplished (II)Work accomplished (II)Work accomplished (II)

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

##

#

#

#

#

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#

#

#

#

#

Manchester

Birmingham

Lille

Rhine-Ruhr Area

Göteborg

Salzburg

Burgos

Donostia - San Sebastián

La Rochelle

ToulouseNice*

Paris

Newcastle

Leicester*

Aalborg

Odense

Venezia

Trento

MünchenStuttgart

Praha

Brno

Kraków*

Warszawa

Helsinki

Tallinn

Thessaloniki

Ploiesti

Bucuresti

Gant

Haarlem

Barcelona

Wien


Assessment of issuesAssessment of issuesAssessment of issuesAssessment of issues

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

no answer

very low

low

high

very high


Implementation of measuresImplementation of measuresImplementation of measuresImplementation of measures

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

no answer

not considered

planned

partly implemented

fully implemented


Assessment of implemented Assessment of implemented measuresmeasuresAssessment of implemented Assessment of implemented measuresmeasures

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

poor

fair

good

very good


WhichWhich are the main barriers to these are the main barriers to these measures?measures?WhichWhich are the main barriers to these are the main barriers to these measures?measures? Financial and human resources, efforts not always

reflected in the impacts Heterogeneity of the target group (seniors), diverging

needs of different user groups Acceptance among users and staff, difficulty to change

peoples’ habits Senior passengers are low on the agenda of decision

makers No integrated planning, many stakeholders at the

institutional level Low influence of PTAs on commercial operators Low knowledge about seniors’ needs on local level,

high efforts necessary to change this Improvements take time

Financial and human resources, efforts not always reflected in the impacts

Heterogeneity of the target group (seniors), diverging needs of different user groups

Acceptance among users and staff, difficulty to change peoples’ habits

Senior passengers are low on the agenda of decision makers

No integrated planning, many stakeholders at the institutional level

Low influence of PTAs on commercial operators Low knowledge about seniors’ needs on local level,

high efforts necessary to change this Improvements take time


Preliminary recommendations and conclusions

Preliminary recommendations and conclusions


Recommendations (I)Recommendations (I)Recommendations (I)Recommendations (I)

Physical accessibility: • Accessible vehicles and stops• Walking distance to next stop• Environment of stops (e.g. busy roads to cross on

the way to the next stop) Information:

• Visual and acoustic information (pre-trip and on-trip)• Seniors often prefer ‘traditional ways’ of information:

Direct contact to staff, telephone, teletext Equipment:

• Seating benches and toilets are highly welcome among seniors

Physical accessibility: • Accessible vehicles and stops• Walking distance to next stop• Environment of stops (e.g. busy roads to cross on

the way to the next stop) Information:

• Visual and acoustic information (pre-trip and on-trip)• Seniors often prefer ‘traditional ways’ of information:

Direct contact to staff, telephone, teletext Equipment:

• Seating benches and toilets are highly welcome among seniors


Recommendations (II)Recommendations (II)Recommendations (II)Recommendations (II)

Ease of use: • Easily graspable tariff and network structures• Easily manageable ticketing machines• Facilitated orientation at major stations/stops

Safety and Security• Diminish danger of accidents• Subjective security: Staff presence more efficient than CCTV• Thematic and frequent Staff training

Local and participative approaches:• Identify costumer needs at local level• Intensive consultation with stakeholders necessary• Understand user groups as partner

Ease of use: • Easily graspable tariff and network structures• Easily manageable ticketing machines• Facilitated orientation at major stations/stops

Safety and Security• Diminish danger of accidents• Subjective security: Staff presence more efficient than CCTV• Thematic and frequent Staff training

Local and participative approaches:• Identify costumer needs at local level• Intensive consultation with stakeholders necessary• Understand user groups as partner


Recommendations (III)Recommendations (III)Recommendations (III)Recommendations (III)

Marketing and campaigning• This growing user group is needed to generate revenues• Seniors a very loyal and satisfied - when they use PT• Marketing campaigns combined with other measures (e.g.

special events, information days) can also reach younger seniors

• But: Seniors do not like ‘seniors’ products’• Car use will also depend on external factors (fuel prices, traffic

restrictions)• Raising awareness among younger people is necessary

User training • Safety on the ride, how to use PT?• Particular successful among the very old, acceptance

problems among younger seniors• Additional formats necessary – e.g. in combination with events

Marketing and campaigning• This growing user group is needed to generate revenues• Seniors a very loyal and satisfied - when they use PT• Marketing campaigns combined with other measures (e.g.

special events, information days) can also reach younger seniors

• But: Seniors do not like ‘seniors’ products’• Car use will also depend on external factors (fuel prices, traffic

restrictions)• Raising awareness among younger people is necessary

User training • Safety on the ride, how to use PT?• Particular successful among the very old, acceptance

problems among younger seniors• Additional formats necessary – e.g. in combination with events


Recommendations (V)Recommendations (V)Recommendations (V)Recommendations (V)

Organisational level:• Improved cooperation of different departments

within organisations• User organisations can be constructive and

motivated partners• ‘Leaving the social corner’: The senior passenger as

customer• Decision makers need to be sensitised

Organisational level:• Improved cooperation of different departments

within organisations• User organisations can be constructive and

motivated partners• ‘Leaving the social corner’: The senior passenger as

customer• Decision makers need to be sensitised


Conclusions (I)Conclusions (I)Conclusions (I)Conclusions (I)

Age(ing) has be considered as a process: Fit and active seniors will struggle with (mobility)

restrictions at a later stage of life Even mainly car dependant nowadays, they will need

PT in the future to keep their quality of life PT needs to gain them as costumers at an earlier

stage Major changes in life such as the moment of

retirement offer the possibility of changing habits PT will only be an option if accessibility, reliability,

information, personal security and customer attendance are improved

Age(ing) has be considered as a process: Fit and active seniors will struggle with (mobility)

restrictions at a later stage of life Even mainly car dependant nowadays, they will need

PT in the future to keep their quality of life PT needs to gain them as costumers at an earlier

stage Major changes in life such as the moment of

retirement offer the possibility of changing habits PT will only be an option if accessibility, reliability,

information, personal security and customer attendance are improved


Conclusions (Conclusions (II)II)Conclusions (Conclusions (II)II)

Solutions have to consider physical, psychological, cognitive and financial barriers

Integrated approaches are necessary – planning and implementation

Constructive consultation with stakeholders Senior passengers have the same needs as other

customer groups, but they are more sensitive towards deficiencies

Improvements are beneficiary to all passengers “Economical” and “Social” questions of PT operation

will approximate with the growing number of senior citizens

Solutions have to consider physical, psychological, cognitive and financial barriers

Integrated approaches are necessary – planning and implementation

Constructive consultation with stakeholders Senior passengers have the same needs as other

customer groups, but they are more sensitive towards deficiencies

Improvements are beneficiary to all passengers “Economical” and “Social” questions of PT operation

will approximate with the growing number of senior citizens


Preview to the Final ReportPreview to the Final Report


Preview to the Final ReportPreview to the Final ReportPreview to the Final ReportPreview to the Final Report

Background data• Demographic change• Mobility behaviour

Overview of related recent studies Analysis of the status quo in European

agglomerations Description of barriers and drivers to

implementation Focus on good practice examples, considering

both particular measures and integrated, enduring policies

Appealing format with structured sheets for good practice examples

Background data• Demographic change• Mobility behaviour

Overview of related recent studies Analysis of the status quo in European

agglomerations Description of barriers and drivers to

implementation Focus on good practice examples, considering

both particular measures and integrated, enduring policies

Appealing format with structured sheets for good practice examples


Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

Documents

Study on the mobility needs of elderly people for the European Metropolitan Transport Authorities Validation Workshop Frankfurt (Main) 13 October 2006