Study on the New-Syrian Radios Stations

7/25/2019 Study on the New-Syrian Radios Stations

1/20

THE NEW SYRIAN

RADIO STATIONS

Appraisal, challenges and outlook

Former head of the Middle East & North Africa office at Reporters

Without Borders (20092014), Soazig Dollet works as a

consultant on media and human rights issues in the Arab world.

Study carried out by Soazig DOLLET for CFI in June 2015

www.cfi.fr


2/20

!

#$%& '()*&+ ,$ '-. /.*&0 %1 $%2./ *& !3456 '-. 7(8('- $(/'9 *:$%0.; ( 0'('. %1 .:./+.&.?$(/'9 0'('.@ A(1.B C>?C00(;80 :*>*'(/9 ((&(/ 7(8('-*0' *;.%>%+9@ K&>9 +%I./&:.&'?G(% +%I./&%/0@ J-.9 (>> G/%(;*'.6 %$.&*&+ ( 2*&;%2 '% '-. 2%/>;

1%/ =9/*(&0@ F%>>%2*&+ '-. ;.('- %1 A(1.B C>?C00(;6 ,&;./ '-. $/.'.&(R*&+ /.0'/*>9

'%'(> 0'('. (. '% +(*& (9 $/*%/ '% '-. C/(G =$/*&+6 =9/*( 2(0 /(&).; !D5/;

%,' %1 !DU *& '-. V.$%/'./0 W*'-%,'

7%/;./0 $/.00 1/..;%: *&;.R!@ 7(0-(/ C>?C00(; ($$.(/.; %& '-. %/+(&*0('*%&80 >*0' %1 X/.;('%/0 %1 X/.00

F/..;%:T6 (&; '-. ; %1@

C. %I./. '.>.$-%&.0

(&; *0'06 '-.9 2./. (G>. '% $/%;,;@ Z.;*( &.'2%/)06 =(>%,6 '-. 1%,&;*&+ H%,/&(>*0' %1 '-. F/.. =9/*( N.20 C+.&


3/20

T

*&'./&('*%&(> (,;*.&,'*%&86 (&; .&;.(I%,/ '% ;6 1/.. 1/%: '-. \*%9.; G9 '-. 1%/.*+& :.;*(@ S& C$/*> TE!5 (

'/(*&./ &%'.; '-(' b9&(, 6"(5#8. $.@"2#'%"( ;%'4 A"#$(&2%89cD@

S& '-. (G0.&%&+0*;. '-. $-90* 2(/ +%I./&:.&'?/,& M%/

?(11*>*('.;O :.;*( %,'>.'0 (&; &.2 :.;*( %/+(&*0('*%&0 (/. 2(+*&+ (& *&1%/:('*%& (&; ;*0*&1%/:('*%& 2(/@

S& (;;*'*%&6 '-. *:(+. %1 (&; 2%/) *0'06 (&; :%/. +.&./(>>9 G9 *(&0 .&+(+.; *&

*&1%/:('*%&?0,$$>9*&+ (.(0' %&.

$-%'%+/($-./f:*&+ '-. 2(/1(/. (&; ,$>%(;*&+ '-. *:(+.0 '% F((

k%;:(&* (' '-. S&0'*',' ;, :%&;. (/(G. *& X(/*0 %& 3 K' %1 '/(*&*&+ 0.00*%&0 -.>; G9 I(/*%,0 NgK0@ bI.3%& &6'%@%89 4&8 0.6"9. & 8"#$6. "5 %(6"9. 5"$ 9&(,

,"#(- :.":2.J & ;&, "5 .&$(%(- & 2%@%(-< I&(, ;"$F 5"$ 0"'4 %('.$(&'%"(&2 &(3 2"6&2 (.;8 "$-&(%8&'%"(8?*1./('*%& %1 (/:.; +/%,$06 '-. .:./+.&(:*< ='('. %1 S/(] (&;

'-. d.I(&' MS=S=O (&; '-. ,&*>('./(> $/%(:('*%& %1 (,'%&%:9 *& '-. '-/.. %&+ '-. J,/)*0-?=9/*(& G%/;./ M)&%2& (0 V%H(I(6 %/ W.0'./& k,/;*0'(&O *& N%I.:G./ TE!5U

-(I. >.; '% '-. ;*I*;*&+?,$ %1 '-. 1(/ >*(&I.; %& '-. G(0*0 %1 2-./. *&'./.0'0 >*.@ J-.0. ;*11./.&' +/%,$0 (''.:$' '% *:$%0. '-.*/

>(2 %& '-. $%$,>('*%& /.0*;*&+ *& '-. './/*'%/9 '-.9 (/. '/9*&+ '% /,>.@ C/:.; 2*'- '-.*/ %2& :.;*(6 '-.9 (>0%

0..) '% *0'06 *& $(/'*(/ 2%:.&6 :%/. ;*11*' .I./9

;(9@ J-. (>?N,0/( F/%&'80 *;('*%& %1 $%2./ *& '-. &%/'- %1 '-. '.; *& '-.

.R*>. %1 ( '-*/; 2(I. %1 *&1%/:('*%& (


4/20

5

Z%/. '-(& 1%,/ 9.(/0 0*& . '% $>(9@ 7,' 2-(' *0 '-*0 /%>.m J-*0 0',;9 (*:0 '% +*I. ( 90*&+ '-. ;*11*'*.0 '-.9 1(9 G(0*06 2. 2*>> >.(/& (G%,' '-.

>.&+.0 '-.9 I.06 (&; 1%/ '-.%/+(&*0('*%&0 2%/)*&+ '% 0,$$%/' '-.: (&; '-.*/ 1*&(& G(


5/20

P

!"#$%&' ) * + #&'#%," &-".-%"/ &0 $1" '"/ !2.%3' .34%& ,$3$%&',

C >(/+. &,:G./ %1 /(;*% 0'('*%&0 -(I. G..& >(,&


6/20

Q

0K L&3%" :2#$&2%89M

J-. :,>'*',;. %1 &.2 =9/*(& /(;*% 0'('*%&0 :(9 G. ;*0'*&+,*0-.; G9 0.I./(> ).9 ;*11./.& .;*'%/*(> >*&.@ =%:. G/%(;%+9 ,0.; G9 '-. 0'('*%&6 '-.

:,0*< $>(9.;6 .'> /.1,0. '% ((1*?[*-(;*0' G(&;0 (&;

'-. .:./+.& >*&. (&;

0%1'.& '-.*/ *&*'*(> /.I%>,'*%&(/9 0'(&> =9/*(&0@

W. -(I. '% (>>%2 (>> =9/*(&0 I*.2$%*&'0 '% G. -.(/;6 /.+(/;>.00 %1 2-.'-./ '-.9 (/. *& 1(I%,/ %1 '-. /.I%>,'*%&

%/ 0,$$%/' '-. /.+*:.c@

C 1,/'-./ ;*0'*&% 1%8(:G*'*%&0@ K&. 0,. *0 V(;*% F/.0-

!U6 2-*2(& .6 1%9 %& C>.$$%@ C/'( FZTEJ'-. :(H%/*'9 %1 2-%0. $/%+/(::.0 (/. G/%(;?n(:*0->*6 C>?

Z(>*)*9(-f`(9/*)6 V(0 (>?C9&f=./. k(&*9. (&; :%/. /.0% ;.>*I./0 &.20

G,>>.'*&0 *& C/(G*; G. $%*&'.; %,' '-(' '-. ],(>*1*./,0.; G9 >*0'.&./0 2-.& 0$.()*&+ (G%,' '-.*/ /(;*% 0'('*%& *0 \9#A'&9&N%,&86 2-*. >*I*&+ *& =9/*( b1% (&; 0% (0$..006 '-*0 >*&. %1 ;*0'*&I.0 (0 \0%8

(>0% $/%;,9 0'('*%& b0% '-('

.I./9%&. 2-% 02*'1 (0 ( 0% >*&)

TQ

6&%'(G>9 +*I. (*/'*:. '% 2%:.& '-/%,+- *'0 $/%+/(::. 1&$(&9.A H2DI&$&N@ Y&/**0 -(0 &%'.; '-('

.I.& V(;*% C&(T4

6 2-**0:6 ;*0$>(90 \0% /(;*%8 '.&;.&


7/20

4

'(/+.'0 ( 9%,&+ ;.:%+/($-*.6 *0 ( 0./I*9 ;(906 :%0' $/%+/(::.0 2./. $/.?/.(/+.>9 %2*&+ '% G/%(;; G. 0'/.00.; '-(' '-. I(/*%,0 /(;*% 0'('*%&0 -(I. :(;. 0*+&*1*,/(>*0: *& '-. /(;*% G/%(;9 ;*I./0. /(&+. %1

$/%+/(::.0 %& %11./ a (&; -(I. $/(*0.; '-. ; &%' %I./>%%) '-. 1(.* .'-%/( %1

$/%+/(::.0 0,$$%/'*&+ '-. /..+('*%& '% =9/*(6 2-*%+9 *0 1%>>%2.;c@

6K !'$#6'#$%(- ;"$F &(3 %(6$.&8%(- '.&98N :$"5.88%"(&2%89

7.> %&>9 $/%;,.$$%J (&; C/'( FZ6 2-*1 *0 G(0.; *& '-. #&*'.; ='('.0@ V.+(/;>.00 %1 -%2 %0. '-.9 (/. '% =9/*( *&

+.%+/($-* './:06 ( >(/+. $(/' %1 '-.*/ 2%/) ;.$.&;0 %& ( &.'2%/) %1 . %'-./0 (/. 1/..>(&*0'*< .R$./*.& H%,/&(>*0'06 '-.9 -(I.

0,//%,&;.; '-.:0.>I.0 2*'- .R$./*.&06 .0$.>9 1/%: '-. /(;*% *&;,0'/9@ W-(' *0 :%/.6

2-.'-./ '-.9 (/. G(0.; *& =9/*( %/ %I./0.(06 :%0' %1 '-.*/ >(G%/('%/0 -(I. ,&;./'().& '/(*&*&+ $/%+/(::.0@

=*+&*1*.0 %1 H%,/&(>*0:6 (&; (>0% %& -%2 '%


8/20

D

0,$$%/'.; '.& /(;*% 0'('*%&0 (&; '2% '.>.I*0*%& 0@ K&. %1 '-. /(;*% 0'('*%&0 9 &*&. /.:(*& ,&;./ '-. 0,$$%/' $/%+/(::.@ J-. G(0*< '/(*&*&+ %& H%,/&(>*0'*< '.%$.; *&'% :.&'%/*&+ *& '-. .;*'%/*(> %11*. CVk G%/. '-. >*+.&0@ C>> '-. *&;*I*;,(>0

*&'./I*.2.; 0'/.00.; '-(' CVk (&; e/.('*I. -(; &% 0(9 *& '-. 0'('*%&08 .;*'%/*(> *). 7(0:( 2*'- '-.

$/*&' :.;*(@ C>0 %1 '-. &.2 =9/*(& :.;*(6 *& $(/'*(/ *& '-. (/.( %1 9*&+ 2*'-

H%,/&(>*0'*< /,>.0 (&; *&. '-. *&'./&(> %/+(&*0('*%&(> -*./(/ :..'*&+0 (/. -.>; 2*'-

I(/9*&+ ;.+/..0 %1 /.+,>(/*'9@ S& :%0' 0'('*%&06 0%:.%&. *0 *& *(*0*&+ 2*'- 9 I(>*;('.; (&; G/%(;. 2%/)*&+ 1%/ '-.0. /(;*% 0'('*%&0 2./. *&*'*(>>9 I%>,&'../06 '-(' *0 &% >%&+./ '-. 9 TE!P !P =9/*(& /(;*% 0'('*%&0 0*+&.; ( *'*.0 (&; /.(11*/:0 '-. $/*&.0 %1 *'9

(&; %GH.2(&6 =%,' V(9( (&; N(0(.: =9/*(6 :%0' %1 2-*:%;%&@


9/20

U

F%/ 1*&(& (&; '..; *& I(/*%,0 ;*0'/**'. /(;*% *0 1(/ 1/%: 2*;.0$/.(; *& './:0 %1 >*0'.&./06 .0$.>9 (0 *' *0 (' '-.

:./,'*%& (I(*>(G>. '% '-. :(H%/*'9 %1 /(;*% 0'('*%&0 *& %/;./ 1%/ '-.: '% G. (G>. '% G/%(;.; '-.: '% %G'(*& '-.*/ %2& '/(&0:*''./ (&; 1/.],.&9 =ZCVJ MA(2( =ZCVJO6 C>?C00*:( K&>*&. MG.1%/. *' G.?C00*:(O (&; V(;*% C>?k,>6 $/%I*;*&+ (>> '-/.. 2*'- .],*$:.&'6 1,&;*&+ (&; FZ '/(&0:*00*%& :.(&0@ =%,/*(d*

-(0 :./.>9 .&'./.; *&'% ( G/%(;(G>. '% (>>@ J-. $/%H.?k,>@ =*&9 0,$$%/'.; G9 =ZCVJ (&; 0,G0.],.&'>9 G9 '-. e%(>*'*%&6 -(0 G..&

G/%(;%&+0*;. C>?C00*:(6 2-*9 %&>9 (I(*>(G>. I*( '-. S&'./&.'@

K& ! [(&,(/9 TE!P6 =ZCVJ >(,&*0'.& '% '-.0. 0'('*%&0 %& FZ *& `(:(0>.; *& C>.$$% (&; V(]](@ S&

2*&'./ TE!5?!P6 '-. V(]]( '/(&0:*''./ 2(0 '/(&01.//.; '% `.*/ .B?_%/6 (&; &.2 %&.0 2./. ./.*G $/%I*&$ :.;*( $/%;,*'9 (&; -%,/0 %1 $/%+/(::*&+ 2-*. (&; %&>9 ZSeJ )&%20 '-.*/ >%('. TE!P@ V.$(*/0 (/.


10/20

3

=jVNYJ ?C00*:(6

A(/( FZ6 N(0(.: =9/*( (&; =%,' V(9(PT

7I! %(%'%&'%@.

C& *&*'*('*I. -(0 /.0% (I(*>(G>. %& 33@5 FZ@ V(;*% V%B(&( '().0 ,$ .*+-' -%,/0 %1 G/%(; 5"$ .(4&(6.3 @%8%0%2%', &(3 [email protected]":9.('

=%:. /(;*% 0'('*%&0 %2& %&. %/ :%/. '/(&0:*''./06 (&; '-./.1%/. -(I. '-.*/ %2& ,&*],. 1/.],.&. '% G/%(;9 C9& (>?C/(Gfk%G(&lO6 A(/( FZ M!E4@Q ZAB *& C>.$$% (&; '-. 0,//%,&;*&+ (/.(O6 V(;*% C>2(&

M3T@5 (&; 35@5 FZ *& '-. S;>*G (&; C>.$$% (/.(0O6 =%,' V(9( MU3@U FZ *& '-. &%/'- %1 '-. .$$% (&; '-. 0,//%,&;*&+ (/.(OJ V(;*% C>?k,> M3Q@Q FZ *& '-. &%/'- %1 '-. %9.; G9 '-. &.2 =9/*(& /(;*% 0'('*%&0L

? 0'('*%&0 '-(' %&>9 G/%(;.6 ,&*],.

1/.],.&9 '-. eFSaSZ= *&*'*('*I.@ =%:. 0'('*%&0 G/%(;@ F,/'-./ .I*;.&


11/20

!E

!"#$%&' : * A%00%#78$%", %'1"."'$ $& $1" !2.%3' ,%$73$%&'

)B C34%& * 3 !2.%3' >"4%7>D

C &,:G./ %1 (&(>90'0 (&; %G0./I./0 1/%: =9/*(& 0% :.;*,:8 $/*%/ '% '-. TE!! ,$/*0*&+@ bX.%$>. ,0.; '% >*0'.& '% '-. /(;*% *& '-.

(*I. %/ (/. (9 ( :%/. *:$%/'(&' /%>. *& k,/;*0-?:(H%/*'9 /.+*%&0 %1 =9/*(6 (0

.006 /(;*% 0'('*%&0 -(I. /..; '-. H%,/&(>*0' A(>( k%;:(&* '% ;.(/.6 *& Z(/9 a (& %$*&*%& '-(' 2(0 0-(/.; G9 '-. 2..)>9 $,G>* TE!Q .&'*'>.; \=9/*(& /(;*% 0'('*%&0L ,&)&%2& *&I.0'%/0 (&; B./% (,;*'%/08PD

@ J-*0 *&I.0':.&' *& '-. /(;*%

0..+*'*:('. ],.0'*%&@ S0 $/%I*;*&+ =9/*(&0 (.&+. %1 0('*019*&+ '-.*/ (,;*.&*0'.&./08 *&1%/:('*%& &..;0@ S& %/;./ '% ( .6 (&; $(/'*(/>9 '-(' %1 '-. /(;*% 0'('*%&06 -(0 I.0 '% *0-*&+ '-.:0.>I.0 (0 '-.

2('./(&'-%,+- '-*0 (:G*'*%& *0 '-. :%0' $/.I(>.&'6

:(&9 /(;*% 0'('*%&0 (/. &% >%&+./ (G>. '% *:(+*&. -%2 '-.9 '.(:0 '-*&) >9 (G%,' '-.*/ +%(> (&; '-.*/ (,;*.&. (0 $%00*G>.@

J-*0 ],.0'*%&*&+ /.1>.R *0 (>> '-. 0'/%&+./ 0*&*'96 2-*'.; *& ( @%/+f2$?%(;0fTE!PfEUf09/*.&0',;*.hTE!PEU!5@$;1

PD-''$Lff09/*(&?/.$%/'./@&.'fuÙuCDu`3uUPuÙuCQuÙu7EuÙuCDuÙu73uÙuCDuÙuCC?

uÙuCDu`3uUPuÙu75u`3uUUuÙu7!u`3uUCuÙuC3?uÙuCDu`3uUPuÙuCeuÙuCFu`3uUCuÙuCFuÙuC3uÙuUe?

u`3uUQu`3uUQu`3uUUu`3uUP?u`3uUQuÙuCeu`3uUDu`3uUUu`3uUPf


12/20

!!

GB H3#I &0 $.3',93."'#2 %' 07'4%'=

J-. >(%&+?'./: 1,&;*&+ *0 ( :(H%/ -(&;*?=-(:6 -(I. G..& 1%/'@

J-. ($1,> *;(/*'9 ,&;./ '-.0. > >*&)0 2*'- (/:.; +/%,$0 %& '-. +/%,&;6 :(&9 (.;+. '-('

'-.9 $/(+:('*>9 .&'./ *&'% 0,('*%&0-*$0 *& %/;./ '% $/%'.9 (;:*' '-(' '-.0. /.>('*%&0-*$0 -(I. (& *:$(.&'9 0% '-(' %1 '-.*/ 9 M*1 .I./O (;;/.00 ?N,0/( F/%&' S0>(:*< *:*'06 G,' %:*' '-. &(:. %1

'-. *.:06 V(;*% V%B(&( &%2 ,0.0 $0.,;%&9:0 1%/ (>> *'0 . '% '-. 0'('*%&0 '-('

G/%(;*0'*< *&.6 '%&. (&; './:*&%>%+9 .:$>%9.; G9 '-.

0'('*%&0@ =%:. .;*'%/*(> '.(:0 (.::( >.;8@ bW. >.;8 2(0 '%% 0,+(/?9 (;;06 bW. '%%) *&'% *&+0 %1 =9/*(&06 .I.& '-%,+- *' 2(0 ,&$/%1.00*%&(> '% ;% 0%c@ e-(:09 =(/)*0 %,'>*&.0 '-. ;*


13/20

!T

G.'2..& /(;*% (&; '-. $/*&' :.;*(L '-. './: \:(/'9/8 *0 ,0.; %I./ '-. (*/2(I.06 G,' *0 /.$>(>.;8 2-.&

,0.; G9 ( $/.00 (+.&?k,> '().0 '-. %$$%0*'. ($$/%((*&0 '-(' V(;*% V%B(&( ;%.0 &%' ,0. '-. './: \:(/'9/8 %I./ '-. (*/2(I.06 (>'-%,+- 0-. /.>0

-(I*&+ '/%,G>. *:$%0*&+ '-*0 /,>. %& -./ '.(:0 *& '-. G.+*&&*&+@ =-. +%.0 %& '% 0(96 -%2.I./6 '-(' b2. (/.

(2(/. '-(' *' *0 ( 0.&0*'*I. 0,GH.('*%&@ S& (;;*'*%&6 2. :(). .I./9 .11%/' &%' '% ,0. '-. './:

\)*>>.;86 /.$>(>.;8 b*& '-.*&'./.0'0 %1 $/%1.00*%&(>*0: (&; %GH.9 ( $%>*'* .6 2. 0(9 \k%G(&lfC9& (>?C/(G8c@

J-. . 0%:. :.;*( %,'>.'0 ,0. '-. 2-%>. .R$/.00*%& *& '-. *&'./.0'0 %1 /.0$.(8 M2-*98"F %,,7" &0 *&. (,;*.&*:*'.;@ S&'./&.' (('*%& (/. (G>. '% >.; (&; 1*>'./.;

PU

G9 '-. =9/*(& J.>..*G /.+*%&@ S& (;;*'*%&6 0('.>>*'. /.>(9 $%*&'0 -(I.

G..& *&0'(>>.; *& >% ;*&+06 ( &,:G./ %1 ',/(>


14/20

!5

/.:(*&0 $/%G>.:('**.0 '% S=S=?9 G. (G>. '%

(>*'. (*0'.& '%

0('.>>*'. /(;*% 0'('*%&0 2*'- &% $*('*%&L =9/*(&0 >*I*&+ *& =9/*(@

C0 :.&'*%&.; (G%I.6 :(&9 0'('*%&0 -(; &% *0'.&./ >%9(>'9@ F%/ '-(' /.(0%&6 j(00./ k-./(>>(- '%%) '-. ;.?k,> I*( =ZCVJ %/ =jVNYJ '/(&0:*''./0@ C' '-. 0(:. '*:.6 0.I./(> .;*'%/0?*&?. '-.: '% -(I. ( $/.0.&(


15/20

!P

6K X(8'&02. '$&(89%88%"(8

K&. %1 '-. $/%G>.:0 1((. 1/.],.&. S&'./&.' ('*%& -(0 &% (*0'.& '% '-. /(;*% *1 '-.9 ;% &%' -(I. (& .>.9@

!.6#$%', $.8'$%6'%"(8

J-*0 >(0% '-. /.0,>' %1 '-. 0.*(G>. '% G.;.0'/%9.; G9 G%:G*&+ .'0 -(I.

;.*&.0 %/ %0. '% '-. J,/)*0- G%/;./6 (00,:*&+ '-(' '-.

=9/*(& (/:9 2%,>; &%' G. 2*>>*&+ '% G%:G '-. (/.(0 ,&;./ *'0 *G *& >('. TE!P (&; '-. $./0%& /.0$%&0*G>. 1%/ *&0'(>>*&+ '-.: 2(0 (//.0'.; 1%/ 0.I./(> ;(90@ S&

C$/*> TE!Q V(;*% C>2(&80 '/(&0:*''./ *& =(/(]*G 2(0 (>0% *G6 2-./.(0 *& C>.$$% '-. 0'('*%&80 %11*9 TE!P 1%>>%2*&+ '-. (//*I(> %1 S=S= (&; '-. (//.0' %1 %&. %1 *'0 1?($$%*&'.; V%H(I( (,'-%/*'*.0 %/;./.; C/'( FZ '% .'*&0@ J-. G(& 2(0 >*1'.; '2% ;(90 >('./6 1%>>%2*&+ ;. :%G*>*0('*%&QP

@ S' 0-%,>; G. $%*&'.;

%,' '-(' (>> 0'('*%&0 2*0-*&+ '% G/%(;.; *&;.$.&;.&'

(00%>9 *'* $%2./ *& '-. /.+*%&6 '-. `.:%; (>0% G. 0'/.00.; '-(' :%0' 0'('*%&0 G(0.; *& J,/).9 ;% &%' -(I. '-. /.],*0*'. >.+(> ;%**'9 %1 '-.

'.(:0 (&; '-. .;*'%/*(> %11**'9 '% :(). >%&+?'./: $>(&0@

Q5-''$Lff222@(G/(H09@%/+f.&f&.20?.I.&'0f(>2(&?1:?0*>.&.Gf

QP-''$Lff222@1/..:.;*(@('f&.200I*.2f(/'*.f,$;('.?G(&?%&?09/*(&?0'('*%&0?&.20?/.$%/'0?>*1'.;@-':> QQ

-''$0Lff222@1(


16/20

!Q

!"#$%&' G * M1388"'=", $13$ $1" .34%& ,$3$%&', >7,$ &-".#&>"

J-. 1%>>%2*&+ >.&+.0 (/. (. %1 '-. /(;*% 0'('*%&0 *&

'-. 1,',/.@

)B + >7#15'""4"4 9".%&4 &0 %'$.&,9"#$%&'

C /.1>.. %1 '-. &.2 =9/*(& :.;*( *& '%;(980 2%/>;6 *& I*.2 %1 '-.

1( :.;*,: (&; *0 %&>9 (G>. '% /.(> $(/' %1 '-. ('*%&@ `% '-.0. 0'('*%&0 0.. '-.:0.>I.0 (0 &.,'/(> *.I. '-.9 ; '-.9 $/.1./ '% G/%(;.& '-.*/ $/.0.&.('*%&80 .R$.> .&(G>. '-.: '% /.2%/) '-.*/ $/%+/(::.

0. *& >*&. 2*'- '-.*/ $./


17/20

!4

G.1%/.6 '-. /(;*% '(/+.'.; $.%$>. >*I*&+ *& =(/(]*G (&; :%/. G/%(;>9 *& '-. S;>*G $/%I*&.(I. 1%/ S0'(&G,>6 -. ;.I.>%$.; ( 2*;./ /(&+. %1 $/%+/(::*&+ (*:.; (' %&>*&. >*0'.&./0@

C +/.(' :(&9 $/%+/(::.06 ;.I.>%$.; G9 ( &,:G./ %1 /(;*% 0'('*%&0 2*'- ( I*.2 '% /.( (;;.; '-*0 '9$. %1 G/%(;(/ 0',;*.0 %& '-. $/%+/(::. ],(>*'9 (&; *&1%/:('*%&

&..;0 '-/%,+- '-.*/ %11*9

*&;.$.&;.&' >.I*&+ (0 :(&9 %1 '-. *&0'*','*%&0 2%/)*&+ *& '-. 1*.>; %1 0,$$%/'*&+ '-. =9/*(& :.;*( (0

$%00*G>. 2%,>; 0-.; >*+-' %& G%'- =9/*(&08 :.;*( ; (>0% +*I. (&

*&;*('*I. +($ M*1 (&9O G.'2..& '-. 0'('.; +%(>0 1%/ '-. %&+%*&+ $/%H.*'9 %& '-.

+/%,&;6 (0 $(/' %1 . 1%/ '-.:@

0K B";&$38 %9:$"@.3 2%8'.(.$ 2",&2',

S1 '-. 0'('*%&0 2./. '% +(*& ( '-%/%,+- ,&;./0'(&;*&+ %1 '-.*/ (,;*.&>.'*&0 '-/%,+-%,' '-. 2..)6 *& %9(>'9@ S& (;;*'*%&6 :,0*< 0-%,>; &%' G. %I./>%%).;@

d*0'.&./ >%9(>'9 :,0' G. 1%0'./.; (>%&+0*;. *:$/%I.:.&'0 '% '-. 0'('*%&08 0%,&; *;.&'*'9 M'-.:. ',&.6 >%%$6

H*&+>.0 (&; 02..$./0O6 (&; G9 '()*&+ +/.(' '-(' '-. /(;*% 0'('*%&0 . G(>(&*0: 2*>> (>2(90 -%>; ( $(/'*(/

*:$%/'(&>0@ Z%/. 0$. -*./(/9 ;.1*&.; $%0*'*%&0 (&; /.0,>'*&+ /.0$%&0*G*>*'*.06 2*'- ;.;*


18/20

!D

Z%0' %1 '-. .;*'%/*(> '.(:0 *&'./I*.2.; (*&.; %1 -*+- ',/&%I./6 *& $(/'*(/ '-%0. G(0.; *& J,/).96

2-./. :(&9 0'(11 :.:G./0 2./. >*(G>. '% ;.$(/' 1%/ Y,/%$. %/ %'-./ ;.0'*&('*%&0@ J-. .'0 *0 (&%'-./ I./9 *:$%/'(&' 1(.&+.@

JB A"-%,%'= %&+ G..& ;.I*0*&+ ( G,0*&.00 :%;.> '-(' 2%,>; +/(&' '-.:

'-*0 *&;.$.&;.&9 -*+-./ G,;+.' '-(& $/*&' $,G>*9 %&. %1 0.I./(> $/%H.*&+ 9 1,&;0 '-. /(;*% 0'('*%&08 (.I*0*%& 06 $(*; (;I./'*0*&+6 g%%+>. (;06 .'>0 :,0' (>0% G. ;.I.>%$.; *& '-. 1*.>; %1 1,&;?/(*0*&+ (&; './&('*I. .0 '% /.;,.'08 ;.$.&;.& *&I.0'%/0@

QO 6&/3.4, $1" ,"$$%'=579 &0 >&." '"$/&.I,D

J-. /(;*% 0.9 eFS?

SZ=O@ e/%00?0'('*%& >(G%/('*%& -(0 (>0% ],*9 0'(/'.; '% %?0. .R' %1 *&;*I*;,(> *&*'*('*I.0@

Q3-''$Lff09/*(&:.;*(+/%,$@


19/20

!U

S& N%I.:G./ TE!P 0*R 0'('*%&0 a C&(6 C/'( FZ6 A(/( FZ6 V(;*% C>2(&6 =%,' V(9( (&; N(0(.: =9/*( a ;..(I. '-. C7VC[ &.'2%/) *& %/;./ '% *:$/%I. 9 ,&;./+%*&+ ;*11*'*.0@ bJ-. &.'2%/) -(0 .11. $/%G>.:0@ J-.9 (/. 1*&;*&+ *' *:$%00*G>. '% $/*%/*'*0. '-. +/%,$@ K&. %1 '-.

;*11*'*.0 0'.:0 1/%: '-. >((G>. '% '-. &.'2%/) *'0.>1c@ A%2.I./6 '-*0 %G0./I./

0'/.00.0 '-(' '-. $/%G>.: ,. %1 (& *&*'*('*I. 0,' %1 ( /.(>*0('*%& %1 '-. *:$%/'(&. '% .&%$ '-.*/ %2& &.'2%/)0 *& %/;./ '% 1%/'*19 '-.:0.>I.0

(+(*&0' '-. /*0) %1 ;*0($$.(/*&+@

K'-./0 .:$-(0*0. '-. &..; 1%/ .:.&'(/*'9 G.'2..& >% (&; :%/. &('*%&(> /(;*% 0'('*%&0@ g*I.& '-.

>.I.> ; -.>$ a (0 1(/ (0 $%00*G>. a '% (I%*; '-*0 $*'1(>>@


20/20

!3

!"#$%&' J * + 0"/ 3."3, $& /&.I &'

)B ?&. $1" !2.%3' >"4%3 &7$8"$,

? e%&;,.. (&; (,;*.&>0 (&; ; %1 H%,/&(>*0'*< %GH.9 '-. :.;*(6 *0 .11*0s

? X/%I*;. +,*;(& %$./('%/0 (&;

1*&(& G(

Documents

Study on the New-Syrian Radios Stations