Study Sheet: Neoclassicism and Romanticism€¦ · Study Sheet: Neoclassicism and Romanticism ... ... A Neoclassical painting by Jacques-Louis David (ca. 1793) that depicts the

Study Sheet: Neoclassicism and Romanticism5.1.2 Study: Neoclassicism and Romanticism Study Sheet

Art Appreciation (S1685685) Name: ____________________ Date: ____________

Study Sheet: Neoclassicism and Romanticism http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_...

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Use the space below to make any sketches, drawings, or additional notes to help you remember what youhave learned.


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Print out as many of these key term note cards as you need for the study. Leave them whole on the sheet orcut them out to make flash cards. Take extra notes, and draw pictures to help you remember each term.

You will be tested on key terms in quizzes and tests.

Neoclassicism A mid-18th-century artistic movement that reacted to the Rococo style by insistingon a return to the order and simplicity of Greek and Roman art.


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virtue Goodness; moral excellence. Virtue was a common theme of Neoclassical painting,which depicted pure, noble, and heroic individuals with a high moral character,similar to the artwork of the ancient Greeks.

John SingletonCopley

(1738 - 1815) An American Neoclassical painter known for depicting colonialfigures and scenes with a startling reality. He also painted portraits of importantcolonial leaders such as John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and Paul Revere.

Major work: Portrait of the Copley Family, 1776.

Portrait of theCopley Family

A 1776 Neoclassical painting by John Singleton Copley in which he represents hisfamily as a virtuous symbol of American values.

Jacques-LouisDavid

(1748 - 1825) A French Neoclassical painter who worked directly with Napoleonduring the French Revolution. He is best known for his use of ancient Greekimagery and figures.

Major works:The Death of Socrates, ca. 1787; The Death of Marat, ca. 1793.

The Death ofMarat

A Neoclassical painting by Jacques-Louis David (ca. 1793) that depicts themurdered leader Marat as a Jesus figure for the French Revolution.

Romanticism A style of painting that emerged in the early 19th century as a response to thebrutality of war and a general loss of faith in revolutionary leaders. This style ischaracterized by bold and dramatic compositions that evoked passion and emotion.

Goya (1746 - 1828) A Spanish Romantic painter famous for creating massive artworks.Goya once worked as the royal portraitist for Charles IV of Spain and devoted hislater works to the horrors of war.

Major work: The Third of May, 1808, ca. 1814.

The Third of May,1808

A Romantic painting by Goya (ca. 1814) in which the emotional terror of war iscaptured on a massive and dark canvas.

William Blake (1757 - 1827) An English poet and artist who best captured the essence of theRomantic movement. He is known for creating paintings based solely on hisimagination.

Major work: The Ancient of Days, ca. 1794.

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Study Sheet: From Realist to Impressionist5.1.3 Study: From Realist to Impressionist Study Sheet


Study Sheet: From Realist to Impressionist http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_...

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Print as many of these key term note cards out as you need for the study. Leave them whole on the sheet orcut them out to make flash cards. Take extra notes and draw pictures to help you remember each term.


Realism A 19th-century art movement that depicted subjects as they appearedin everyday life, without enhancing or altering them for artisticpurposes.


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Gustave Courbet (1819 - 1877) A French painter best known for founding the school ofRealism, which focused on depicting the everyday lives of normalpeople.

Major works: The Stone Breakers, 1849; The Third Class Carriage,1862; The Trout, 1872.

brushwork The lines in paint left by the movement of the painter's brush.Beginning with Gustave Courbet, brushwork became an important partof a painting instead of something to be hidden or disguised.

The Artist's Studio: A RealAllegory of a Seven-YearPhase in My Artistic and MoralLife

A painting by Gustave Courbet (1854 - 1855) in which he placeshimself at the center of the composition, a move that redefined his andother artists' position in society.

Édouard Manet (1832 - 1883) A French artist credited with inspiring the Impressionistmovement. He is known for using color, light, and brushstrokes tocreate certain effects.

Major works: Luncheon on the Grass, 1863; The Fifer, 1866; A Bar atthe Folies Bergères, 1882.

Luncheon on the Grass An 1863 painting by Manet featuring a naked woman seated on thegrass next to two men in black suits. The nudity caused socialcontroversy, but the use of color and lighting and the structure of thepainting make the work an Impressionist masterpiece.

Impressionism An art movement that began in the 1860s aimed at depicting"impressions" of the subject; the painting style is characterized bysmall quick brushstrokes layered to create light effects and isexemplified in the words of Monet, Degas, and Renoir.

Claude Monet (1840 - 1926) Foremost French Impressionist painter who preferred topaint outside. His painting Impression: Sunrise gave the Impressionistmovement its name.

Major works: Impression: Sunrise, 1872; Water Lilies series, ca. 1897- 1926.

Impression: Sunrise An 1872 painting by Claude Monet that focuses on the effect ofsunlight on constantly changing water. The term Impressionism wascoined from its name.

Auguste Renoir (1841 - 1919) A leading Impressionist painter known for his portraitsand scenes of outdoor events. He used short brushstrokes, light, andcolor to portray movement and capture the people of Paris.

Major works: Claude Monet in His Garden, ca. 1873; Luncheon of theBoating Party, ca. 1880.


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Luncheon of the Boating Party An Impressionist painting by Auguste Renoir (ca. 1880) composed ofshort, rapid brushstrokes that create the illusion of movement.



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Study Sheet: The Artists of Post-Impressionism5.1.4 Study: The Artists of Post-Impressionism Study Sheet


Study Sheet: The Artists of Post-Impressionism http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_...

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Print out as many of these key term note cards as you need for the study. Leave them whole on the sheet orcut them out to make flash cards. Take extra notes and draw pictures to help you remember each term.


Post-Impressionism The art movement that followed Impressionism in which artists showed greaterconcern for the structure and form of the objects they depicted.


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Paul Cézanne (1839 - 1906) A Post-Impressionist painter known for the order and composition ofhis paintings. He used multiple perspectives and primary shapes to convey thedurability of his subjects.

Major works: The Bather, ca. 1885; Still Life with Apples and Oranges, ca. 1895.

Georges Seurat (1859 - 1891) A French Post-Impressionist painter who invented Pointillism.

Major work: A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, ca. 1884.

Pointillism A form of art created by Georges Seurat in which images are composed of manysmall dots or points of color.

Paul Gauguin (1848 - 1903) A French artist and leading Post-Impressionist painter who traveledextensively to break from the confines of European art.

Major works: Van Gogh Painting Sunflowers (ca. 1888); Tahitian Women on theBeach, ca. 1891.

Vincent van Gogh (1853 - 1890) A Dutch Post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far-reachinginfluence on 20th-century art because of its vivid colors and emotional effect.

Major works: The Bedroom, 1888; Starry Night, 1889.



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Study Sheet: Abstract Art5.2.1 Study: Abstract Art Study Sheet


Study Sheet: Abstract Art http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_...

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abstraction In art, a process of simplifying an image to its most basic parts, often resulting inthat image's becoming unrecognizable. The term is used as a synonym for abstractart.


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Cubism An artistic movement developed in the early 1900s by Pablo Picasso and GeorgesBraque that rejected the idea that art should copy nature. Subject matter is brokenup and reassembled out of order to create a different perspective. This movement isdivided into Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism.

Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973) A Spanish painter and sculptor best known as the cofounder ofCubism.

Major works: Still Life with Violin and Fruit, 1912; Guernica, 1937.

Georges Braque (1882 - 1963) A French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso,developed the art movement known as Cubism.

Major works: Violin and Pitcher, 1910; Woman with a Guitar, 1913.

Violin and Pitcher A 1910 painting by Georges Braque in which familiar objects are fragmented almostbeyond recognition in an attempt to show each object from all angles. An exampleof Analytic Cubism, it was an attempt to overcome the limitations of the flat canvas.

Still Life withViolin and Fruit

A circa 1912 painting by Pablo Picasso that used the mixed mediums of cardboardand newsprint to synthesize, or create, a recognizable object out of seeminglyunrelated items. It is an example of Synthetic Cubism.

Futurism An art movement derived from Cubism that began in pre-World War I Italy. The artaimed to depict the dynamic beauty of the machine and modern life.

Umberto Boccioni (1882 - 1916) A leading artist of the Futurist movement.

Major works: The Street Enters the House, ca. 1911; Dynamism of a SoccerPlayer, 1913.

Dynamism of aSoccer Player

A painting by Futurist Umberto Boccioni (ca. 1913) that tries to create a fourthdimension of movement and is a metaphor of the modern, machine-run world.

WassilyKandinsky

(1866 - 1944) A Russian artist known for his completely abstract art and the use ofsimple lines and bold spots of color to illustrate emotions and movement.

Major works: Composition V, 1911; Lyrical (Man on Horse), 1911; Composition VII,1913.

Expressionism A primarily German art movement of the early 1900s that emphasized emotion overform.

Henri Matisse (1869 - 1954) A French artist and Expressionist painter best known for his fluid useof color and simplified figures.

Major work: The Joy of Life, ca. 1905.

Fauves A group of French Expressionist painters, including Henri Matisse, who were activeafter 1905. The Fauves were known for using simple forms and vibrant colors to


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express themselves; the term fauves means "wild beasts" in French.

Ernst Kirchner (1880 - 1938) German founder of the Expressionist movement known as Die Brükeor "The Bridge," which placed the emotional experience above the moral and visualconcerns of art.

Major works: Street, Dresden, ca. 1908; Self-Portrait as a Soldier, ca. 1915.



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Study Sheet: Dada and Surrealism5.2.2 Study: Dada and Surrealism Study Sheet


Study Sheet: Dada and Surrealism http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_...

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Dada An art movement that developed after World War I and was characterized by a criticalview of society and humanity. It utilized absurd and unconventional forms and artistictechniques to portray the irrationality of life and create "anti-art."


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MarcelDuchamp

(1887 - 1968) A leading Dada artist who broke convention with his paintings and"readymades," pieces of art that proved that anything could and should be consideredart.

Major works: Bicycle Wheel, ca. 1913; L.H.O.O.Q, 1919.

Surrealism A 20th-century art movement that developed out of Dadaism. It is known for realisticdepictions of fantastical and dreamlike scenes.

SalvadorDalí

(1904 - 1989) A Spanish Surrealist painter famous for painting images that could appearonly in dreams yet were depicted with a stark reality.

Major work: The Persistence of Memory, 1931.



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Study Sheet: Museums and the Art Market5.3.1 Study: Museums and the Art Market Study Sheet


Study Sheet: Museums and the Art Market http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_...

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Louvre A museum founded in 1793 in Paris, France, to display national masterpieces. Today,the museum houses many different collections, including Greek and Roman sculptureand paintings from the 13th to 18th centuries. Major works displayed includeLeonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and many of Claude Monet's water lily paintings.


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exhibition A presentation of works by a single artist or a group of similar artists, usually with thegoal of selling artwork.

El Prado A museum founded in 1819 in Madrid, Spain. Major works displayed there includeThe Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch, Descent of Christ from theCross by Rogier van der Weyden, The Holy Trinity by El Greco, and Charles IV ofSpain and His Family by Goya.

British Museum A museum founded in 1753 in London, England. It features more than 7 millionobjects from around the world, including artwork from ancient Rome, classicalGreece, and the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures, and artworks by Michelangelo,Leonardo da Vinci, Peter Paul Rubens, William Blake, Rembrandt, and Goya.

MetropolitanMuseum of Art

Museum founded in 1870 in New York City. It has over 2 million artworks and artifactsthat date back to ancient Egypt, including Duccio's Madonna and Child,, PieterBruegel the Elder's The Harvesters, and the largest Johannes Vermeer collection inthe world. Commonly referred to as "the Met."

SmithsonianInstitution

A series of 19 museums and other facilities founded in 1846 based primarly inWashington, D.C. and operated by the U.S. government. Its collections range fromfine art to historical artifacts to scientific instruments, totalling more than 130 millionitems. It is the world's largest museum complex and entrance is free of charge.

conservation The process of protecting and restoring something, such as the surface of a painting.

forgery The act of copying someone else's work to pass it off as one's own.

pastiche An artwork that has been put together using elements from various other paintings orcopied outright. It is often created by forgers who hope to sell the work as an originalto an unsuspecting buyer or to create a satire of the original piece.



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Review: Modernity in 19th- and 20th-Century Europe5.4.1 Review: Modernity in the 19th and 20th CenturiesReview

Review


Use your notes from the studies to begin your review. Check the questions and answers from the study sheetsyou got on the first page of each study.

Also, review the key terms for each lesson. They're found on each lesson overview page. Make sure you knowwhat each key term means before you take the test.

The following checklist will help you figure out if you're ready to take the test. If you check "No" for anyquestion, go back to the lesson and activity where the information appears and review that information.

Question Yes No Location

19th-Century Art in FiveMovements

Can you define Neoclassicism and explain its focus on virtueand everyday heroes?

Neoclassicism andRomanticism

Are you familiar with the artist John Singleton Copley and canyou discuss his work Portrait of the Copley Family?


Are you familiar with the artist Jacques-Louis David and can youdiscuss his work The Death of Marat?


Can you define Romanticism and explain how it is different fromNeoclassicism?


Are you familiar with the artists Goya and Wililam Blake, and canyou discuss their major works?


Can you explain how the Industrial Revolution led artist GustaveCourbet to found the school of Realism?

From Realist toImpressionist

Can you list the major characteristics of Realist artworks asexemplified by Courbet in his major works?


Can you define Impressionism and explain the maincharacteristics of Impressionist art?


Are you familiar with the artist Édouard Manet and can youexplain the controversy of his Luncheon on the Grass?


Review: Modernity in 19th- and 20th-Century Europe http://acecontent.apexlearning.com/Live/online/art_2010/Unit_...

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Are you familiar with the artist Claude Monet and can youdiscuss his famous Impression: Sunrise?


Are you familiar with the artist Auguste Renoir and can youdiscuss his famous Luncheon of the Boating Party?


Can you define Post-Impressionism and list the maincharacteristics of Post-Impressionist art?

The Artists ofPost-Impressionism

Are you familiar with the artist Paul Cézanne and can youdiscuss his impact on Post-Impressionism?


Are you familiar with the artist Georges Seurat and can youexplain his technique of Pointillism?


Are you familiar with the artist Paul Gaugin and can you discusshis departure from European art?


Are you familiar with the artist Vincent van Gogh and can youdiscuss his use of color, especially in works such as The StarryNight?


A New Way of Seeing:20th-Century Art

Can you define abstraction and explain what is meant by"abstract art"?

Abstract Art

Can you define Cubism and explain how the artists GeorgesBraque and Pablo Picasso helped free art from the assumptionthat it should copy the natural world?

Abstract Art

Can you discuss Braque's Analytic Cubist work Violin andPitcher and Picasso's Synthetic Cubist work Still Life with Violinand Fruit?

Abstract Art

Can you define Futurism and explain the main characteristics ofFuturist art?

Abstract Art

Are you familiar with the artist Umberto Boccioni and can youdiscuss his work Dynamism of a Soccer Player?

Abstract Art

Are you familiar with the artist Wassily Kandinsky and can youdiscuss the characteristics of his artworks?

Abstract Art

Can you define Expressionism and explain the maincharacteristics of Expressionist art?

Abstract Art

Can you discuss the use of color by the Fauves ("wild beasts"),the Expressionist artists led by Henri Matisse?

Abstract Art

Are you familiar with the German Expressionist movement,exemplified by the artist Ernst Kirchner?

Abstract Art


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Can you define Dada and explain the main characteristics ofDada art?

Dada and Surrealism

Are you familiar with the artist Marcel Duchamp and can youexplain the characteristics and significance of his "readymade"artworks?

Dada and Surrealism

Can you define Surrealism and explain the main characteristicsof Surrealist art?

Dada and Surrealism

Do you understand the Surrealist practices of automatism and"exquisite corpse" drawing?

Dada and Surrealism

Are you familiar with the artist Salvador Dalí and can you explainthe main characteristics of his artworks?

Dada and Surrealism

The Business of Art

Can you briefly list the history of why and how art has beenmade and bought throughout the ages?

Museums and the ArtMarket

Can you explain the purpose and importance of museums? Museums and the ArtMarket

Can you list some major museums in the world, such as theLouvre in Paris and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NewYork?


Do you know what conservation is and can you explain some ofthe techniques used in conservation?


Can you explain why conservation is sometimes a risky orcontroversial practice?


Do you know what a forgery is and can you explain how aforgery can be identified?




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Documents

Study Sheet: Neoclassicism and Romanticism€¦ · Study Sheet: Neoclassicism and Romanticism ... ... A Neoclassical painting by Jacques-Louis David (ca. 1793) that depicts the