STYLE GUIDE

JUNE 2015

Style Guide

Contents

Punctuation 3 Em and en rules 3 Hyphens 3 Full stops 3 Ellipses 3 Names and postnominals 4 Possessive apostrophes 4 Parentheses 4 Centuries 4Quotations 5 General 5 Direct speech 5 Block quotes 5 Corrections 5Italics 6Capitalisation 6 Titles 6 Government, parliament, state and territory 6 Organisations and institutions 7Numbers 7 General 7 Dates 7 At the beginning of a sentence 8Citations and Bibliographies 8 Books 8 Magazine and journal articles 8 Newspaper articles 8 PHD theses 8 Websites 8 General rules 9 Authors and editors 9 Superscripts for endnotes and footnotes 9URLs and Domain Names 9Spelling 9Shortened Forms 11 General 11 Australian states 11 Abbreviations 12

Inkerman & Blunt follows the Macquarie Dictionary (sixth edition) and the Style Manual (sixth edition).

This Style Guide outlines our standard style. However, since we are dedicated to design that responds to the content of each book, some elements many vary across publications.

If in doubt, consult the publisher.

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Punctuation

Em and en dash rules

The use of open and/or closed dashes is determined on a publication-by-publication basis. Consult with the Publisher.

An unspaced en rule is used in spans of numbers, dates, times, distances and to join concepts. pp. 230–235 Commonwealth–State relations March–June 1999 but 4 January 2011 – 6 March 2013 1898–1920 but 2011–12 (for financial years) 1.30–4.30 pm but 9.30 am – 1.30 pm

Hyphens

Inkerman & Blunt opts for minimal hyphenation. If in doubt, follow the Macquarie Dictionary.

Compound adjectives carry a hyphen, except when the first word of the compound ends in ‘ly’. long-term contract full-time student but overly eager student

Compound adjectives are hyphenated when used before a noun but not when used after a verb. The well-known writer was recognised by the awards. but The writer didn’t become well known until her third book.

Full stops

Use only one space after a full stop between sentences.

Do not use full stops after headings or subheadings, on title pages, before or after an ellipsis, and at the end of a list of items.

In a caption that is a sentence, use a full stop.

Use full stops at the end of citations.

Ellipses

Ellipses are unspaced. Do not insert a full stop after an ellipsis where the quotation is a complete sentence.

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Names and postnominals

In nonfiction works, in the first instance use names in full, thereafter individuals may be referred to by surname only, or by nickname where relevant. Cate Kennedy then Kennedy Paul ‘Pitbull’ Jones then Pitbull Use full stops after initials, with no spaces between initials. J.W. Anderson

When there is ‘the’ before a description of a particular person, there is a comma before the person’s name. If there is no ‘the’ then there is no comma, e.g.: The well-known writer, Jane Smith, lived in Victoria. but Well-known writer Jane Smith lived in Victoria.

Postnominals appear after surnames. Use commas between honours but not after surnames John Jones AM Sir John Jones KG, AK, GCMG, GCVO, KBE, QC

Possessive apostrophes

When a noun ending in ‘s’ or ‘z’ displays the possessive case add an apostrophe only. Hopkins’ cat Perez’ work

Parentheses

These should always be round, except in quotes where the author has made a correction or an addition (see Quotations: corrections).

Centuries

Always spell out centuries in text. eighteenth century twentieth century

Mid carries a hyphen mid-eighteenth century

Late and early do not carry a hyphen early nineteenth century late twentieth century

Centuries are hyphenated when used as an adjective. nineteenth-century publication early eighteenth-century painting but mid-nineteenth-century author

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Quotations

General

If quotes are used within prose they carry single inverted commas. Also use single inverted commas for quotes within quotes.

Always use ‘smart quotes’ (rounded), not daggers (straight). This preference also applies to apostrophes.

Do not use an ellipsis at the beginning or end of a quote. Use spaced ellipses only to denote missing text within quotes. ‘The writer was very pleased...to be included in the anthology.’

A full stop at the end of a quote is placed within the closing quotation mark where the quote comprises a whole sentence. ‘Poems are the prayers of a secular world.’

Where only a fragment of a sentence is quoted, or where there is a carrier phrase, place the full stop outside the closing quotation mark. The author said that winning the award was ‘an unexpected honour’. Mircea Eliade wrote that ‘the sacred is not a stage in the history of consciousness, but an element in the structure of consciousness’.

Direct speech

In direct speech, the comma or full stop at the end of a quotation is placed inside the closing inverted comma. ‘Many thanks,’ she replied. She laughed and said, ‘It’s great fun.’

Block quotes

Block formatting is applied to quotes over 30 words, unless the internal text design directs otherwise. Block quotes take a new line, and have reduced left and right margins. Editor’s discretion is applied when block quotes inhibit presentation or meaning. Block quotes do not carry inverted commas.

Corrections

If it is necessary to correct an error or add additional words within a quote for clarification, the correction or addition takes square brackets. ‘She is a gifted author of many children’s books, [who] represents Australia abroad.’ ‘The writer paid tribut[e] to her publisher.’

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Italics

In text, italics are applied to ships, aircraft, scientific names, and foreign words (except those that have been absorbed into the English language, if in doubt refer to the Macquarie Dictionary).

Italics are also applied to titles of publications (books, journals, etc.), songs/music scores, movies, television programs, manuscripts, maps, works of art/images and exhibitions. Poem, short story and article titles are formatted in inverted commas without italics.

Acts are italicised only when cited in full, and at the first appearance they must be cited in full according to the short title identified in the Act itself. Liquor Amendment Act 1905 but the Liquor Amendment Act

Where text is italicised reverse out italics in titles. The anthology is Australian Love Stories, edited by Cate Kennedy, and it features...

Capitalisation

Titles

Titles of works of art, poems, publications and so on take title case where the first letter of each word, except for articles, prepositions and conjunctions, is uppercase. Prayers of a Secular World Tales from Paradise

Subtitles are separated with a colon and always begin with an uppercase letter. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl

Government, parliament, state and territory

Inkerman & Blunt presents these terms with initial caps only when they are part of an official name. Responsibility has been delegated to the states and territories. state government federal government but Australian Government, West Australian Government, Commonwealth Parliament, Federal Court of Australia.

State and Church as concepts claims an initial cap. The separation of Church and State was evident. but She went to church that afternoon. and It was the state with the highest unemployment rates.

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Organisations and institutions

When given in full, titles have initial caps. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet University of Melbourne State Library of Victoria

When referred to later in the same document, unless there is a risk of confusion, the shortened form has a lowercase initial letter. the department recommends the university offers the library houses

Numbers

General

In fiction works, all numbers may be written in full.

In nonfiction works, numbers up to ten should be written in words, except in measurements, currency, dates and percentages. 5 metres $9 (without decimal point for round amounts) 1700s 6 per cent 9 x 25.6 cm

Numbers ten and over are written as digits. 10-year-old girl 12-part series He lived for 76 years.

Where there are mixed numbers, under ten and over ten, in the same sentence, the same rules apply.

Figures of four or more digits carry commas. 4,200 420,000 but 4.2 million, 4.2 billion

Dates

1980s or eightiesnot 80s, 80’s or ’80s

The 1980s and the 1990s not The 1980s and the 90s

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At the beginning of a sentence

If a sentence starts with a number, spell out the number. One hundred and ninety years ago it was a different story. not 190 years ago it was a different story.

Citations and Bibliographies

In the main, Inkerman & Blunt follows the APS style for the citation of references in footnotes, endnotes and bibliographies.

In bibliographies, the references are listed in alphabetical order by the authors’ surnames, with the author’s surname first. In footnotes and endnotes, however, the author’s Christian name appears first.

Books

In footnote/endnote Cate Kennedy, ed., Australian Love Stories, Melbourne: Inkerman & Blunt, 2014, pp. 33–39. In bibliography Kennedy, Cate, ed., Australian Love Stories, Melbourne: Inkerman & Blunt, 2014.

Magazine and journal articles

W.D. Borrie, ‘Recent Trends and Patterns in Fertility in Australia’, Journal of Biosocial Science, vol. 1, no. 1, January 1969, p. 65.

S. Encel and K. Kotowicz, ‘Heavy Drinking and Alcoholism, Preliminary Report’, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. I, 21 March 1970, p. 609.

Newspaper articles and chapters

Maslyn Williams, ‘Dilemmas of Liberation’, Sydney Morning Herald, 5 May 1973.

Nance Cooper, ‘The Education of Women’ in Donald McLean, ed., It’s People that Matter: Education for Social Change, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1969, p. 73.

If a newspaper does not have a distinctive title, include the place of publication in parentheses. Herald (Melbourne), 24 April 1995, p. 2.

PhD theses

John Smith, My Set and Chaos Theory, PhD thesis, Melbourne: RMIT University, 1980.

Websites

‘Books’, http://inkermanandblunt.com/home/portfolio/books/, Inkerman & Blunt, viewed 25 May 2015.

To see how web addresses should appear, see ‘URLs and Domain Names’ below.

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General rules

Authors and editorsFor more than two authors or editors, use first-named author and et al. Superscripts for endnotes and footnotesIn text, place superscripts at the end of a sentence, phrase or quotation rather than beside a single word. Place superscripts after all punctuation marks. Governor Arthur Phillip wrote, ‘As I would not wish convicts to lay the foundations of an empire, I think they should ever remain separated from the garrison and other settlers that may come from Europe.’1

Transportation had created a social system characterised, as Humphrey McQueen points out,1 by a self-interest…

URLs and Domain Names

A URL is most often comprised of a protocol (usually www. or http://) and a domain name (such as inkermanandblunt.com). Where a domain name is preceded by www., which is a default protocol, it can be omitted from the URL. However, where a domain name is preceded by http://, the full address must be used. inkermanandblunt.com http://website.com.au

Spelling

Inkerman & Blunt chooses to follow spelling consistent with Macquarie Dictionary (sixth edition, 2013) and, for the most part, style as set out in Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers (sixth edition, 2002).

A Word List will be developed for each publication, but in general I&B uses the following spellings. In particular, use minimal hyphenation, and –ise endings, not –ize. For example, fertiliser not fertilizer, capitalise not capitalize, anthologise not anthologize.

AB• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

(adj.) (prefer Indigenous)• acknowledgment • afterward not afterwards• among not amongst• Antipodes• benefited not benefitted• Bill (when referring to a specific

parliamentary Bill)

CD• cafe (without acute accent)• call-out• CiP (Cataloguing in Publication, not CIP)• cooperate (not co-operate)• coordinate (not co-ordinate)• Chair (not chair, Chairman or

Chairperson)• de facto

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EF• Easter• earth (not Earth)• ed. but eds• enews, epub, ebook, epublishing (not

e-news, e-pub, e-book, e-publishing)• e.g. (not eg)• email (not Email or e-mail)• etc. (et cetera, always with full stop)• federal (only capitalised in a title)• filmmaker (not film-maker)• First World War (not World War I, World

War One, World War 1 or WWI)• focus, focused, focuses, focusing• full-time

GH• Google• hard copy (two words)• hard cover (n.)• hard-cover (adj.)• homepage

KL• labelled not labeled• labour (but Australian Labor Party)• licence (n.)• license (v.)

OP• part-time• PDF (portable document format)• per cent• percentage• podcast• postwar• program (not programme)

IJ• Indigenous (with cap when referring

to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people/s)

• indigenous (without cap when referring to people outside of Australia or to native plants and animals)

• internet• intranet• judgment

MN• middle class• multimedia• nonfiction• no one

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Shortened Forms

General

Latin short forms are not italicised. am Anzac (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) ch. chs cm Dept Dr ed. eds e.g. et al. etc. ibid i.e. km min Mr

ST• secondhand• Second World War (not World War II,

World War Two, World War 2 or WWII)• self-publish• toward not towards• Twitter

WXYZ• wartime• web (but World Wide Web)• website (not web site)• while (not whilst)• wi-fi (not WiFi or Wi-fi)• working class• YouTube

QR

UV• under way• upper class• URL (uniform resource locator)

no. nos op. cit. p. per cent pm pp. Prof. Pty Ltd vol. vols

Australian states

ACT NSW NT WA Vic. Tas. Qld

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In prose, do not abbreviate days, months, states, countries, centuries and measurements.He was born on 23 February 1988 in New South Wales.The boy weighs 25 kilograms.It takes 30 minutes to drive to Fitzroy.

Abbreviations

Where a shortened form is not widely known, spell out in full, place the shortened form in brackets immediately after the first occurrence and use the shortened form thereafter.

The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945. The UN is based in New York.

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