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EERA DeepWind’2014 Subsea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo h SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project Technology for a better society 1

Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

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Page 1: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

EERA DeepWind’2014

Sub‐sea Cable Technology

Hallvard FaremohSINTEF Energy Research

Brief presentation of: 

Wind Farm Cable R&D project

Technology for a better society 1

Page 2: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

High Voltage Subsea Cables Networking the North SeaApplication for a KMB project within the Research Council of Norway

• Project content• Education (PhD / MSc)• Scientific equipment• Financing• Financing• Research Partners

Technology for a better society

Page 3: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

High Voltage Subsea Cables Networking the North Sea Key words: Long operation times, Flexible designs, Qualification and test methods, HVDC/AC

AC Cable Systems

DC Cable  Systems

Dynamic / Electric Test Methods

(Subsea Cables)Testing 

DC systems in wet

( )

AC systems in wet environment

Treeing (water‐/

DC systems in wet environment

Terminations and joints

Dynamic load ‐materials

‐ DC / DC +AC ripple 

QualificationLaboratory for electric/dynamic testing

Candidate materials

Long term 

environmentCondition assessment

/electrical)‐pressure‐RH Cables‐ AC / RH

‐ AC / LF (0.1/1 Hz)

and joints

T P

tUFrequency

‐ DC currentinterruption‐ DC / RH 

properties (stability)

Thermal 

PublicationsEducation:1 Ph D

Frequency(0.1, 1, 50 Hz)

Education:1 Ph D2 MScEducation:

2 MSc

Establish facility for manufacturing of model cables

Full scale testing ?

Mechanical

Technology for a better society

2 MSc cables 

Page 4: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Project ContentProject Content

1. AC cable systems 

2. DC cable systems. C cab e syste s

3. Test methods 

4. Dynamic / electrical testing (prototypes)

5 Education (NTNU)5. Education (NTNU)

Technology for a better society

Page 5: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

AC Cable Systems

• Polymeric AC cables have been in use• Polymeric AC cables have been in use for decades in subsea environment

I l th i i i• In general the service experience is good

U d i di i• Under some service conditions water treeing has caused premature failures

• Dynamic high voltage cables have now been in service for some years

• A PhD student (NTNU) is working with partial discharge questions 

Water treeing in a 24 kV XLPE cable

Technology for a better society 5

Page 6: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

DC Cable Systems• Polymeric HVDC cables have been 

installed for more than a decade in ( h ll bl )Norway (The Troll Cables)

• The subsea HVDC cables are all water tight constructions (lead sheathed)

• Water treeing at DC stresses are not commonly expected to be a problem

• However, voltage ripple do exist in HVDC systems

• A PhD student (NTNU) is working with questions related to moisture ingress in XLPE insulation

Polymer HVDC cables

Technology for a better society 6

Page 7: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Combined AC and DC Stresses

• As HVDC systems have some percent ripple – an AC voltage stress will occur in HVDC cables 

• This will not cause any damage under y gdry conditions

• Combined AC and DC stress may ycause rapid water tree initiation and growth if the water barrier has been compromised

Electrical treeing due to rapid water tree growth under combined AC and DC stresses

Technology for a better society 7

Page 8: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Combined AC and DC Stressing ‐Water tree analysisCombined AC and C Stressing Water tree analysis

2 weeks 4 weeks 8 weeks

25 kV/mm DC + 2.5 kV/mm AC 5 kHzpeak

2 weeks 4 weeks 8 weeks

Technology for a better society 8

Page 9: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Dynamic / Electrical Testing

• Dynamic testing of high voltage cables have been performed for many years 

• No electric stressing is usually g yapplied under the dynamic tests

Marintek – Dynamic test rigs

Technology for a better society 9

Page 10: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Dynamic / Electric Testing y g

T diff t t t* Two different test rigs for combined dynamic and electrical testing have been developed

• Bending rig 

• Axial strain rig

Technology for a better society 10

Page 11: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Dynamic / Electrical Testing

‐ Tests have been performed in both test rigsTests have been performed in both test rigs

‐ More than 3 million dynamic cycles have been applied to XLPE cables 

‐ AC stressing according to CENELEC standard have been used (both 50 and 500 Hz) 

Th lt h i d b f t t h th XLPE bl i l ti‐ The results show an increased number of water trees when the XLPE cable insulation is exposed to combined dynamic and electrical stress

h l h h d i‐ The water tree lengths; however, do not increase

‐ Hence, as long as the dynamic stresses are kept at reasonable levels, no severe increased degradation is observed when the XLPE cable is aged under combined dynamic and electrical stresses

Technology for a better society 11

Page 12: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

SummarySummary

• The project was established in 2009 

• Two test rigs for combined dynamic and electrical stressing of cable insulation avebeen built

• Long term tests have been performed in both test rigs

• Dynamic stressing at reasonable values (around 1 % elongation) do not result inDynamic stressing at reasonable values (around 1 % elongation) do not result in detrimental ageing phenomena 

• Combined HVDC and AC ripple has shown to result in enhanced ageing if moisture pp g ghas penetrated the moisture barrier

• Two PhD students have been working in this project

• Several MSc students have also participated in the project 

Technology for a better society 12

Page 13: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Pressure Testing – not part of this presentation g p p

This presentation do not present results when testing in SINTEF’s high pressure vessels. All tests presented is performed at ambient pressure

Technology for a better society 13

Page 14: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Thank you for your attention 

Questions? 

Technology for a better society 14

Page 15: Sub sea Cable Technology - SINTEF€¦ · Sub‐sea Cable Technology Hallvard Faremo SINTEF Energy Research Brief presentation of: Wind Farm Cable R&D project ... • UdUnder some

Technology for a better society

Technology for a better society 15