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appendices

Appendix 1Geochempet Petrographic Reports

GEOCHEMPET SERVICES, MALENY

MAY, 2005 Page 1 of 15

SUMMARY COMMENTS

Meta-greywacke represented by two of the core samples submitted from Reedy Creek consists of relatively coarse meta-greywacke (DDH02 26.7 m and DDH03 53.4 m). Such rock is predicted to be suitable for use as a source of good quality road base and sealing/asphaltic aggregate. It is predicted to be suitable also for use as concrete aggregate provided that appropriate precautions are taken in mix and engineering design to take account of a perceived potential for mild or slow deleterious alkali-silica reactivity arising from the presence of some moderately strained quartz. . Meta-greywacke represented by three of the core samples submitted from Reedy Creek consist of relatively fine meta-greywacke (DDH01 56.9 m, DDH02 47.2 m and DDH03 48.5 m). Such rock is predicted to be suitable for use as a source of good quality road base and sealing/asphaltic aggregate. It is predicted to be suitable also for use as concrete aggregate provided that appropriate precautions are taken in mix and engineering design to take account of a perceived potential for mild or slow deleterious alkali-silica reactivity arising from the presence of some moderately strained quartz. Two of the submitted core samples consist of pyritic, veined, laminated carbonaceous argillite (or laminated carbonaceous labile meta-siltstone). Such rock is not recommended for use as a source of durable quarry products because of its high content of sericite, chlorite and carbonaceous matter or graphite, and because it contains about 2 to 3% pyrite.

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Sample Label : Reedy Creek DDH01 42.95 m Work Requested : Petrographic analysis in relation to use as source rock for road

base, concrete aggregate and sealing/asphaltic aggregate Methods : Account taken of ASTM C 295 Standard Guide for

Petrographic Assessment of Aggregates for Concrete and of the content of the 1996 joint publication of the Cement and Concrete Association of Australia and Standards Australia, entitled Alkali Aggregate Reaction - Guidelines on Minimising the Risk of Damage to Concrete Structures in Australia

Identification : Laminated carbonaceous argillite (or laminated carbonaceous

labile meta-siltstone) Description : The sample consisted of a drill core specimen of unweathered, dark grey, fine-grained, laminated, meta-sedimentary rock which is cut by thin, straight, whitish fracture veins spaced about 2 to 30 mm apart and variously concordant with or discordant to the laminations. The rock is essentially robust and hard, but does tend to part along the thin veins and to reveal minor pyrite on the partings. An approximate average mineralogical composition of the rock, expressed in volume percent and based on a brief, difficult count of 100 widely spaced points in the thin section, is: Durable Minerals

18% feldspar (plagioclase and microcline) 18% quartz

3% epidote group minerals 2% calcite

<1% sphene/leucoxene Weak &/or Deleterious Components

33% sericite 14% chlorite

9% carbonaceous matter 3% pyrite

In thin section the rock is seen to be carbonaceous and it displays inherited planar sedimentary laminations (variously about 1 to 25 mm thick) and labile silty textures, but now modified by metamorphic fine recrystallization and metamorphic foliation broadly concordant with the original bedding. In the coarsest, least carbonaceous layers the largest remnant clasts of quartz and now partly epidotized, sericitized and finely recrystallised feldspar are about 0.05 mm : in the finest, more carbonaceous layers the largest silt grains were about 0.03 mm. A foliated matrix between the former silt grains now consists of sericite, chlorite and fine carbonaceous matter or graphite. Some of the carbonaceous matter exists also in small lenticular enrichments.





Pyrite is present as sparsely disseminated quite small grains and as more prominent lenticular nodules (up to 1.5 mm long) and as locally massive parts of veins which otherwise consist of quartz. The quartz fracture veins are commonly less than 0.1 mm wide; some also carry chlorite.. Comments and Interpretations : The sample from Reedy Creek DDH01 42.95 m is considered represent laminated carbonaceous argillite (alternatively describable as laminated carbonaceous labile meta-siltstone). The material is considered to represent low grade regional metamorphic rock generated by mild deformation, fine veining and partial recrystallization of former moderately sorted, carbonaceous quartzofeldspathic, labile siltstone or mudstone. For engineering purposes the rock may be summarised as

• carbonaceous argillite (or labile meta-siltstone), a regional metamorphic rock type

• laminated and foliated • crystalline • non-porous • thinly veined by calcite, quartz and pyrite • unweathered • currently hard • currently robust • carrying an average of about 56% of weak, soft minerals (comprising 33%

sericite, 14% chlorite, 9% carbonaceous matter) • carrying about 3% pyrite, mainly as nodules and in thin veins

Rock of the type represented by the supplied sample from Reedy Creek DDH01 42.95 m is not recommended for use as a source of durable quarry products because of its high content of sericite, chlorite and carbonaceous matter or graphite, and because it contains about 2% pyrite. Free Silica Content : The free silica content is about 18% (in the form of crystalline quartz about 0.01 to 0.05 mm in grainsize).








Identification : Meta-greywacke Description : The sample consisted of a drill core specimen of unweathered, greenish medium grey, hard, robust, meta-greywacke. It is cut by a few healed joints or quite thin veins spaced about 8 to 90 mm apart. The rock is not obviously foliated. A representative specimen was selected for thin sectioning. An approximate average mineralogical composition of the rock, expressed in volume percent and based on a brief count of 100 widely spaced points in the thin section, is: Durable Minerals

28% feldspar (plagioclase and microcline) 22% quartz 25% epidote group minerals

3% calcite 3% actinolite 2% sphene/leucoxene

<1% opaque oxide Weak &/or Deleterious Components


1% carbonaceous matter In thin section the rock is seen to be meta-greywacke with remnant primary textures of moderately sorted, sandy style, now modified by very mild deformation, fine veining and partial, fine recrystallization of regional metamorphic style. Original clasts are mainly in the range 0.05 to 0.7 mm. The fracture veins are about 0.1 mm wide. Quartz occurs as mildly to moderately strained residual sand grains. Microcline and plagioclase feldspars persist as slightly deformed sand grains. The plagioclase is now liberally flecked with an epidote group mineral and sericite. Sparse clasts of former carbonaceous mudstone are slightly deformed. Clasts of detrital sphene, opaque oxide (partly altered to sphene/leucoxene) and epidote are present in low abundance. Other clasts (some recognizable as former volcanic lithic clasts) and matrix components have





recrystallized variously to fine feldspar, chlorite, epidote group minerals, sericite, actinolite and sphene. The fracture veins contain calcite. No pyrite was detected. Comments and Interpretations : The sample from Reedy Creek DDH01 56.9 m represents not obviously foliated meta-greywacke which is considered to be a low grade regional metamorphic rock generated by quite mild deformation, veining and partial recrystallization of former moderately sorted, quartzofeldspathic, labile arenite. For engineering purposes the rock may be summarised as

• meta-greywacke (a metamorphic rock type) • not obviously foliated • crystalline • non-porous • cut by a few thin veins of calcite • unweathered • hard • strong • carrying about 17% of weak, soft minerals (comprising 12% sericite, 4%

chlorite and 1% carbonaceous matter) • not carrying any obvious pyrite

The meta-greywacke is predicted to be durable. Because the meta-greywacke carries about 22% quartz (free silica) with degrees of strain ranging from negligible to moderately strained it seems prudent to regard the rock as having potential for mild or slow deleterious alkali-silica reactivity in concrete. In short, meta-greywacke of the type represented by Reedy Creek DDH01 56.9 m is predicted to be suitable for use as a source of concrete aggregate, provided that appropriate precautions are taken in mix and engineering design to take account of its perceived potential for mild or slow deleterious alkali-silica reactivity. The rock is predicted to be quite suitable also for use as a source of road base and sealing/asphaltic aggregate. Free Silica Content : The free silica content is about 22% (in the form of crystalline quartz about 0.05 to 0.7 mm in grainsize).








Identification : Meta-greywacke Description : The sample consisted of a drill core specimen of unweathered, greenish medium grey, hard, robust, coarse-grained meta-greywacke. It is cut by two, quite thin, very light grey fracture veins, but there are no other joints or veins displayed in the 95 mm length of core. Disseminated, sand-sized clasts of carbonaceous rock can be discerned. The rock is not obviously foliated. A representative specimen was selected for thin sectioning. An approximate average mineralogical composition of the rock, expressed in volume percent and based on a brief count of 100 widely spaced points in the thin section, is: Durable Minerals


9% epidote group minerals 1% calcite 1% sphene/leucoxene



1% carbonaceous matter In thin section the rock is seen to be meta-greywacke with remnant primary textures of moderately sorted, sandy style, now modified by very mild deformation, fine veining and partial, fine recrystallization of regional metamorphic style. Original clasts are mainly in the range 0.05 to 2.5 mm. Partial recrystallization has generated many new mineral grains as fine as 0.005 to 0.03 mm. Fracture veins are mainly about 0.05 to 0.5 mm wide. Quartz occurs as mildly to moderately strained residual sand grains. Microcline and plagioclase feldspars persist as slightly deformed sand grains. The plagioclase is now flecked with an epidote group mineral and minor sericite. Disseminated clasts of former carbonaceous mudstone show only quite slight deformation. Clasts of detrital sphene,





opaque oxide (partly altered to sphene/leucoxene) and epidote are present in low abundance. Other clasts (some recognizable as former volcanic lithic clasts) and matrix components have recrystallized variously to fine feldspar, chlorite, epidote group minerals, sericite and sphene. Fracture veins contain quartz, calcite or sericite. No pyrite was detected. Comments and Interpretations : The sample from Reedy Creek DDH02 26.7 m represents not obviously foliated coarse meta-greywacke which is considered to be a low grade regional metamorphic rock generated by quite mild deformation, veining and partial recrystallization of former moderately sorted, quartzofeldspathic, labile arenite. For engineering purposes the rock may be summarised as

• meta-greywacke (a metamorphic rock type) • not obviously foliated • crystalline • non-porous • cut by a few thin veins of quartz, calcite or sericite • unweathered • hard • strong • carrying about 11% of weak, soft minerals (comprising 6% sericite, 4%

chlorite and 1% carbonaceous matter) • not carrying any obvious pyrite

The meta-greywacke is predicted to be durable. Because the meta-greywacke carries about 32% quartz (free silica) with degrees of strain ranging from negligible to moderately strained it seems prudent to regard the rock as having potential for mild or slow deleterious alkali-silica reactivity in concrete. In short, meta-greywacke of the type represented by Reedy Creek DDH02 26.7 m is predicted to be suitable for use as a source of concrete aggregate, provided that appropriate precautions are taken in mix and engineering design to take account of its perceived potential for mild or slow deleterious alkali-silica reactivity. The rock is predicted to be quite suitable also for use as a source of road base and sealing/asphaltic aggregate. Free Silica Content : The free silica content is about 32% (in the form of crystalline quartz about 0.05 to 2 mm in grainsize).








Identification : Meta-greywacke Description : The sample consisted of a drill core specimen of unweathered, greenish medium grey, hard, robust meta-greywacke. It is cut by several healed joints or quite thin veins spaced about 30 to at least 80 mm apart; pyrite and calcite can be seen on one exposed fracture vein surface. The rock is very faintly foliated. An approximate average mineralogical composition of the rock, expressed in volume percent and based on a brief count of 100 widely spaced points in the thin section, is: Durable Minerals

40% feldspar (plagioclase and microcline) 22% quartz 18% epidote group minerals

1% calcite 1% actinolite 2% sphene/leucoxene



1% carbonaceous matter trace pyrite

In thin section the rock is seen to be meta-greywacke with remnant primary textures of moderately sorted, sandy style, now modified by very mild deformation, fine veining and partial, fine recrystallization of regional metamorphic style. Original clasts are mainly in the range 0.05 to 1 mm. Partial recrystallization has generated many new mineral grains as fine as 0.005 to 0.03 mm. No fracture veins are represented in the thin section. The meta-greywacke carries a thin bed of carbonaceous siltstone and it displays a faint metamorphic foliation transgressive to the bedding. Quartz occurs as mildly to moderately strained residual sand grains. Microcline and plagioclase feldspars persist as slightly deformed sand grains. The plagioclase is now flecked with an epidote group mineral and sericite. Disseminated clasts of former





carbonaceous mudstone are deformed by the foliation. Clasts of detrital sphene, opaque oxide (partly altered to sphene/leucoxene) and epidote are present in low abundance. Other clasts (some recognizable as former volcanic lithic clasts) and matrix components have recrystallized variously to fine feldspar, chlorite, epidote group minerals, sericite, actinolite and sphene. Pyrite is present in trace amounts as very sparse small grains and small aggregates of fine grains and within the calcite veined observed in hand specimen.. Comments and Interpretations : The sample from Reedy Creek DDH02 47.2 m represents faintly foliated meta-greywacke which is considered to be a low grade regional metamorphic rock generated by quite mild deformation, veining and partial recrystallization of former moderately sorted, quartzofeldspathic, labile arenite. For engineering purposes the rock may be summarised as

• meta-greywacke (a metamorphic rock type) • faintly foliated • crystalline • non-porous • cut by a thin vein of calcite • unweathered • hard • strong • carrying about 16% of weak, soft minerals (comprising 9% sericite, 6%

chlorite and 1% carbonaceous matter) • carrying a trace amount of pyrite





MAY, 2005 Page 10 of 15




Identification : Laminated carbonaceous argillite (or laminated carbonaceous

labile meta-siltstone) Description : The sample consisted of a drill core specimen of unweathered, dark grey, fine-grained, laminated, meta-sedimentary rock which is cut by several thin, straight, whitish fracture veins spaced about 25 to 60 mm apart and variously concordant with or discordant to the laminations. The rock is essentially robust and hard, but does tend to part along the thin veins. An approximate average mineralogical composition of the rock, expressed in volume percent and based on a brief, difficult count of 100 widely spaced points in the thin section, is: Durable Minerals


7% epidote group minerals 1% calcite

<1% sphene/leucoxene Weak &/or Deleterious Components

30% sericite 16% chlorite 10% carbonaceous matter

2% pyrite In thin section the rock is seen to be carbonaceous and it displays inherited planar sedimentary laminations (variously about 0.5 to 15 mm thick) and labile silty textures, but now modified by metamorphic fine recrystallization and metamorphic foliation acute to the original bedding. In the coarsest, least carbonaceous layers remnant clasts of quartz and now partly epidotized, sericitized and finely recrystallised feldspar are mainly finer than 0.05 mm, but with some ranging up to a fine sand size of about 0.1 mm: in the finest, more carbonaceous layers the largest silt grains were about 0.03 mm. A foliated matrix between the former silt grains now consists of sericite, chlorite and fine carbonaceous matter or graphite




MAY, 2005 Page 11 of 15

Pyrite is present as sparsely disseminated quite small grains and as more prominent thin, straight, massive veins (up to 0.1 mm wide) which are discordant to the foliation. Other straight fracture veins (0.01 to 0.5 mm wide) are filled by calcite or by quartz. Comments and Interpretations : The sample from Reedy Creek DDH03 48.5 m is considered represent laminated carbonaceous argillite (alternatively describable as laminated carbonaceous labile meta-siltstone). The material is considered to represent low grade regional metamorphic rock generated by mild deformation, fine veining and partial recrystallization of former moderately sorted, carbonaceous quartzofeldspathic, labile siltstone or mudstone. For engineering purposes the rock may be summarised as

• carbonaceous argillite (or labile meta-siltstone), a regional metamorphic rock type

• laminated and foliated • crystalline • non-porous • thinly veined by calcite, quartz and pyrite • unweathered • currently hard • currently robust • carrying an average of about 56% of weak, soft minerals (comprising 30%

sericite, 16% chlorite, 10% carbonaceous matter) • carrying about 2% pyrite, mainly as thin veins

Rock of the type represented by the supplied sample from Reedy Creek DDH03 29.5 m is not recommended for use as a source of durable quarry products because of its high content of sericite, chlorite and carbonaceous matter or graphite, and because it contains about 2% pyrite. Free Silica Content : The free silica content is about 16% (in the form of crystalline quartz about 0.01 to 0.1 mm in grainsize).




MAY, 2005 Page 12 of 15




Identification : Meta-greywacke Description : The sample consisted of a drill core specimen of unweathered, greenish medium grey, hard, robust meta-greywacke. It is cut by joints spaced about 30 to 90 mm apart and by several thin, straight light grey fracture veins of mainly calcite. The rock is very faintly foliated. An approximate average mineralogical composition of the rock, expressed in volume percent and based on a brief count of 100 widely spaced points in the thin section, is: Durable Minerals


9% epidote group minerals <1% calcite

1% sphene/leucoxene <1% opaque oxide

Weak &/or Deleterious Components



In thin section the rock is seen to be meta-greywacke with remnant primary textures of moderately sorted, sandy style, now modified by very mild deformation, fine veining and partial, fine recrystallization of regional metamorphic style. Original clasts are mainly in the range 0.05 to 0.6 mm. Partial recrystallization has generated many new mineral grains as fine as 0.005 to 0.03 mm. Fracture veins are mainly about 0.01 to 1 mm wide. Quartz occurs as mildly to moderately strained residual sand grains. Microcline and plagioclase feldspars persist as slightly deformed sand grains. The plagioclase is now flecked with an epidote group mineral and sericite. Disseminated clasts of former carbonaceous mudstone are deformed by a faint foliation. Clasts of detrital sphene, opaque oxide (partly altered to sphene/leucoxene) and epidote are present in low




MAY, 2005 Page 13 of 15

abundance. Other clasts (some recognizable as former volcanic lithic clasts) and matrix components have recrystallized variously to fine feldspar, chlorite, epidote group minerals, sericite and sphene. The thickest fracture vein contains calcite, subordinate chlorite and sparse grains of pyrite. The thinnest veins carry quartz. Comments and Interpretations : The sample from Reedy Creek DDH03 48.5 m represents faintly foliated meta-greywacke which is considered to be a low grade regional metamorphic rock generated by quite mild deformation, veining and partial recrystallization of former moderately sorted, quartzofeldspathic, labile arenite. For engineering purposes the rock may be summarised as

• meta-greywacke (a metamorphic rock type) • faintly foliated • crystalline • non-porous • cut by minor thin veins carrying calcite-chlorite-pyrite or quartz • unweathered • hard • strong • carrying about 15% of weak, soft minerals (comprising 7% sericite, 6%






MAY, 2005 Page 14 of 15




Identification : Meta-greywacke Description : The sample consisted of a drill core specimen of unweathered, greenish medium grey, hard, robust, coarse-grained meta-greywacke. It is cut by numerous whitish to light greenish grey veins which are a fraction of a millimetre to about 3 mm wide and spaced about 8 to 30 mm apart. The rock is not obviously foliated. An approximate average mineralogical composition of the rock, expressed in volume percent and based on a brief count of 100 widely spaced points in the thin section, is: Durable Minerals

39% feldspar (plagioclase and microcline) 30% quartz 10% epidote group minerals <1% calcite

1% sphene/leucoxene <1% opaque oxide

Weak &/or Deleterious Components



In thin section the rock is seen to be meta-greywacke with remnant primary textures of moderately sorted, sandy style, now modified by very mild deformation, veining and partial, fine recrystallization of regional metamorphic style. Original clasts are mainly in the range 0.05 to 1.5 mm. Partial recrystallization has generated many new mineral grains as fine as 0.005 to 0.03 mm. Fracture veins are about 0.05 to several millimetres wide. Quartz occurs as mildly to moderately strained residual sand grains. Microcline and plagioclase feldspars persist as slightly deformed sand grains. The plagioclase is now flecked with an epidote group mineral and sericite. Disseminated clasts of former carbonaceous mudstone are only slightly deformed. Clasts of detrital sphene, opaque oxide (partly altered to sphene/leucoxene) and epidote are present in low abundance.




MAY, 2005 Page 15 of 15

Other clasts (some recognizable as former volcanic lithic clasts) and matrix components have recrystallized variously to fine feldspar, chlorite, epidote group minerals, sericite and sphene. Fracture veins contain mainly quartz and/or calcite. Pyrite is present in trace amounts as disseminated small grains and small aggregates of fine grains. Comments and Interpretations : The sample from Reedy Creek DDH03 53.4 m represents not obviously foliated coarse meta-greywacke which is considered to be a low grade regional metamorphic rock generated by quite mild deformation, veining and partial recrystallization of former moderately sorted, quartzofeldspathic, labile arenite. For engineering purposes the rock may be summarised as

• meta-greywacke (a metamorphic rock type) • not obviously foliated • crystalline • non-porous • cut by numerous veins carrying mainly quartz and calcite • unweathered • hard • strong • carrying about 20% of weak, soft minerals (comprising 10% sericite, 8%





Appendix 2Historical Material Testwork Results