SUBCHAPTER V—MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ......diver. Cylinder means a pressure vessel for the storage of gases under pressure. VerDate 2298 07:43 Oct 27, 1998 Jkt 179184

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SUBCHAPTER V—MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ANDHEALTH STANDARDS

PART 197—GENERAL PROVISIONS

Subpart A [Reserved]

Subpart B—Commercial Diving Operations

GENERAL

Sec.197.200 Purpose of subpart.197.202 Applicability.197.203 Right of appeal.197.204 Definitions.197.205 Availability of standards.197.206 Substitutes for required equipment,

materials, apparatus, arrangements, pro-cedures, or tests.

197.208 Designation of person-in-charge.197.210 Designation of diving supervisor.

EQUIPMENT

197.300 Applicability.197.310 Air compressor system.197.312 Breathing supply hoses.197.314 First aid and treatment equipment.197.318 Gages and timekeeping devices.197.320 Diving ladder and stage.197.322 Surface-supplied helmets and masks.197.324 Diver’s safety harness.197.326 Oxygen safety.197.328 PVHO—General.197.330 PVHO—Closed bells.197.332 PVHO—Decompression chambers.197.334 Open diving bells.197.336 Pressure piping.197.338 Compressed gas cylinders.197.340 Breathing gas supply.197.342 Buoyancy-changing devices.197.344 Inflatable flotation devices.197.346 Diver’s equipment.

OPERATIONS

197.400 Applicability.197.402 Responsibilities of the person-in-

charge.197.404 Responsibilities of the diving super-

visor.197.410 Dive procedures.197.420 Operations manual.

SPECIFIC DIVING MODE PROCEDURES

197.430 SCUBA diving.197.432 Surface-supplied air diving.197.434 Surface-supplied mixed gas diving.197.436 Liveboating.

PERIODIC TESTS AND INSPECTIONS OF DIVINGEQUIPMENT

197.450 Breathing gas tests.197.452 Oxygen cleaning.197.454 First aid and treatment equipment.

197.456 Breathing supply hoses.197.458 Gages and timekeeping devices.197.460 Diving equipment.197.462 Pressure vessels and pressure piping.

RECORDS

197.480 Logbooks.197.482 Logbook entries.197.484 Notice of casualty.197.486 Written report of casualty.197.488 Retention of records after casualty.

Subpart C—Benzene

197.501 Applicability.197.505 Definitions.197.510 Incorporation by reference.197.515 Permissible exposure limits (PELs).197.520 Performance standard.197.525 Responsibility of the person in

charge.197.530 Persons other than employees.197.535 Regulated areas.197.540 Determination of personal exposure.197.545 Program to reduce personal expo-

sure.197.550 Respiratory protection.197.555 Personal protective clothing and

equipment.197.560 Medical surveillance.197.565 Notifying personnel of benzene haz-

ards.197.570 Recordkeeping.197.575 Observation of monitoring.197.580 Appendices.

APPENDIX A TO SUBPART C TO PART 197—SAM-PLE SUBSTANCE SAFETY DATA SHEET,BENZENE

APPENDIX B TO SUBPART C TO PART 197—SUB-STANCE TECHNICAL GUIDELINES, BENZENE

APPENDIX C TO SUBPART C TO PART 197—MED-ICAL SURVEILLANCE GUIDELINES FORBENZENE

APPENDIX D TO SUBPART C TO PART 197—SAM-PLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS FORBENZENE MONITORING—MEASUREMENTPROCEDURES

APPENDIX E TO SUBPART C TO PART 197—RES-PIRATOR FIT TESTS

APPENDIX F TO SUBPART C TO PART 197—SAM-PLE WORKER CERTIFICATION FORM

APPENDIX A TO PART 197—AIR NO-DECOM-PRESSION LIMITS

AUTHORITY: 33 U.S.C. 1509; 43 U.S.C. 1333; 46U.S.C. 3306, 3703, 6101; 49 CFR 1.46.

SOURCE: CGD 76–009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16,1978, unless otherwise noted.

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46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.200

Subpart A [Reserved]

Subpart B—Commercial DivingOperations

GENERAL

§ 197.200 Purpose of subpart.

This subpart prescribes rules for thedesign, construction, and use of equip-ment, and inspection, operation, andsafety and health standards for com-mercial diving operations taking placefrom vessels and facilities under CoastGuard jurisdiction.

§ 197.202 Applicability.

(a) This subpart applies to commer-cial diving operations taking place atany deepwater port or the safety zonethereof as defined in 33 CFR part 150;from any artificial island, installation,or other device on the Outer Continen-tal Shelf and the waters adjacentthereto as defined in 33 CFR part 147 orotherwise related to activities on theOuter Continental Shelf; and from allvessels required to have a certificate ofinspection issued by the Coast Guardincluding mobile offshore drilling unitsregardless of their geographic location,or from any vessel connected with adeepwater port or within the deepwaterport safety zone, or from any vessel en-gaged in activities related to the OuterContinental Shelf; except that this sub-part does not apply to any diving oper-ation—

(1) Performed solely for marine sci-entific research and development pur-poses by educational institutions;

(2) Performed solely for research anddevelopment for the advancement ofdiving equipment and technology; or

(3) Performed solely for search andrescue or related public safety purposesby or under the control of a govern-mental agency.

(b) Diving operations may deviatefrom the requirements of this subpartto the extent necessary to prevent orminimize a situation which is likely tocause death, injury, or major environ-mental damage. The circumstancesleading to the situation, the deviationsmade, and the corrective action taken,if appropriate, to reduce the possibilityof recurrence shall be recorded by the

diving supervisor in the logbook as re-quired by § 197.482(c).

§ 197.203 Right of appeal.Any person directly affected by a de-

cision or action taken under this sub-chapter, by or on behalf of the CoastGuard, may appeal therefrom in ac-cordance with subpart 1.03 of this chap-ter.

[CGD 88–033, 54 FR 50382, Dec. 6, 1989]

§ 197.204 Definitions.As used in this subpart:ACFM means actual cubic feet per

minute.ANSI Code1 means the B31.1 Amer-

ican National Standards Institute‘‘Code for Pressure Piping, Power Pip-ing.’’

ASME Code means the American So-ciety of Mechanical Engineers ‘‘Boilerand Pressure Vessel Code.’’

ASME PVHO–1 means the ANSI/ASME standard ‘‘Safety Standard forPressure Vessels for Human Occu-pancy.’’

ATA means a measure of pressure ex-pressed in terms of atmosphere abso-lute (includes barometric pressure).

Bell means a compartment either atambient pressure (open bell) or pressur-ized (closed bell) that allows the diverto be transported to and from the un-derwater work site, allows the diver ac-cess to the surrounding environment,and is capable of being used as a refugeduring diving operations.

Bottom time means the total elapsedtime measured in minutes from thetime the diver leaves the surface in de-scent to the time to the next wholeminute that the diver begins ascent.

Breathing gas/breathing mixture meansthe mixed-gas, oxygen, or air as appro-priate supplied to the diver for breath-ing.

Bursting pressure means the pressureat which a pressure containment devicewould fail structurally.

Commercial diver means a diver en-gaged in underwater work for hire ex-cluding sport and recreational divingand the instruction thereof.

Commercial diving operation means allactivities in support of a commercialdiver.

Cylinder means a pressure vessel forthe storage of gases under pressure.


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Coast Guard, DOT § 197.204

Decompression chamber means a pres-sure vessel for human occupancy suchas a surface decompression chamber,closed bell, or deep diving system espe-cially equipped to recompress, decom-press, and treat divers.

Decompression sickness means a condi-tion caused by the formation of gas orgas bubbles in the blood or body tissueas a result of pressure reduction.

Decompression table means a profile orset of profiles of ascent rates andbreathing mixtures designed to reducethe pressure on a diver safely to atmos-pheric pressure after the diver has beenexposed to a specific depth and bottomtime.

Depth means the maximum pressureexpressed in feet of seawater attainedby a diver and is used to express thedepth of a dive.

Dive location means that portion of avessel or facility from which a divingoperation is conducted.

Dive team means the divers and diversupport personnel involved in a divingoperation, including the diving super-visor.

Diver means a person working be-neath the surface, exposed tohyperbaric conditions, and using un-derwater breathing apparatus.

Diver-carried reserve breathing gasmeans a supply of air or mixed-gas, asappropriate, carried by the diver in ad-dition to the primary or secondarybreathing gas supplied to the diver.

Diving installation means all of theequipment used in support of a com-mercial diving operation.

Diving mode means a type of divingrequiring SCUBA, surface-supplied air,or surface-supplied mixed-gas equip-ment, with related procedures andtechniques.

Diving stage means a suspended plat-form constructed to carry one or moredivers and used for putting divers intothe water and bringing them to thesurface when in-water decompressionor a heavy-weight diving outfit is used.

Diving supervisor means the personhaving complete responsibility for thesafety of a commercial diving oper-ation including the responsibility forthe safety and health of all diving per-sonnel in accordance with this subpart.

Facility means a deepwater port, oran artificial island, installation, or

other device on the Outer ContinentalShelf subject to Coast Guard jurisdic-tion.

Fsw means feet of seawater (or equiv-alent static pressure head).

Gas embolism means a conditioncaused by expanding gases, which havebeen taken into and retained in thelungs while breathing under pressure,being forced into the bloodstream orother tissues during ascent or decom-pression.

Heavy-weight diving outfit meansdiver-worn surface-supplied deep-seadress.

Hyperbaric conditions means pressureconditions in excess of surface atmos-pheric pressure.

Injurious corrosion means an advancedstate of corrosion which may impairthe structural integrity or safe oper-ation of the equipment.

Liveboating means the support of asurfaced-supplied diver from a vesselunderway.

Maximum working pressure means themaximum pressure to which a pressurecontainment device can be exposedunder operating conditions (usually thepressure setting of the pressure reliefdevice).

No-decompression limits means the airdepth and bottom time limits of appen-dix A.

Pressure vessel means a container ca-pable of withstanding an internal max-imum working pressure over 15 psig.

Psi(g) means pounds per square inch(gage).

PVHO means pressure vessel forhuman occupancy but does not includepressure vessels for human occupancythat may be subjected to external pres-sures in excess of 15 psig but can onlybe subjected to maximum internalpressures of 15 psig or less (i.e.,submersibles, or one atmosphere obser-vation bells).

Saturation diving means saturating adiver’s tissues with the inert gas in thebreathing mixture to allow an exten-sion of bottom time without additionaldecompression.

SCUBA diving means a diving mode inwhich the diver is supplied with a com-pressed breathing mixture from divercarried equipment.


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46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.205

Standby diver means a diver at thedive location available to assist a diverin the water.

Surface-supplied air diving means adiving mode in which the diver is sup-plied from the dive location or bellwith compressed breathing air includ-ing oxygen or oxygen enriched air ifsupplied for treatment.

Surface-supplied mixed-gas divingmeans a diving mode in which the diveris supplied from the dive location orbell with a compressed breathing mix-ture other than air.

Timekeeping device means a device formeasuring the time of a dive in min-utes.

Treatment table means a depth, time,and breathing gas profile designed totreat a diver for decompression sick-ness.

Umbilical means the hose bundle be-tween a dive location and a diver orbell, or between a diver and a bell, thatsupplies the diver or bell with a life-line, breathing gas, communications,power, and heat as appropriate to thediving mode or conditions.

Vessel means any waterborne craft in-cluding mobile offshore drilling unitsrequired to have a Certificate of In-spection issued by the Coast Guard orany waterborne craft connected with adeepwater port or within the deepwaterport safety zone, or any waterbornecraft engaged in activities related tothe Outer Continental Shelf.

Volume tank means a pressure vesselconnected to the outlet of a compressorand used as an air reservoir.

Working pressure means the pressureto which a pressure containment deviceis exposed at any particular instantduring normal operating conditions.

§ 197.205 Availability of standards.

(a) Several standards have been in-corporated by reference in this sub-chapter. The incorporation by ref-erence has been approved by the Direc-tor of the Federal Register under theprovisions of 1 CFR part 51.

(b) The standards are available fromthe appropriate organizations whoseaddresses are listed below:

(1) American National Standards In-stitute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York,NY 10036.

(2) American Society of MechanicalEngineers, United Engineering Center,345 East 47th Street, New York, NY10017.

[CGD 76–009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16, 1978, asamended by CGD 96–041, 61 FR 50735, Sept. 27,1996]

§ 197.206 Substitutes for requiredequipment, materials, apparatus,arrangements, procedures, or tests.

(a) The Coast Guard may accept sub-stitutes for equipment, materials, ap-paratus, arrangements, procedures, ortests required in this subpart if thesubstitute provides an equivalent levelof safety.

(b) In any case where it is shown tothe satisfaction of the Commandantthat the use of any particular equip-ment, material, apparatus, arrange-ment, procedure, or test is unreason-able or impracticable, the Com-mandant may permit the use of alter-nate equipment, material, apparatus,arrangement, procedure, or test tosuch an extent and upon such conditionas will insure, to his satisfaction, a de-gree of safety consistent with the mini-mum standards set forth in this sub-part.

§ 197.208 Designation of person-in-charge.

(a) The owner or agent of a vessel orfacility without a designated mastershall designate, in writing, an individ-ual to be the person-in-charge of thevessel or facility.

(b) Where a master is designated, themaster is the person-in-charge.

§ 197.210 Designation of diving super-visor.

The name of the diving supervisor foreach commercial diving operation shallbe—

(a) Designated in writing; and(b) Given to the person-in-charge

prior to the commencement of anycommercial diving operation.

EQUIPMENT

§ 197.300 Applicability.(a) Each diving installation used on

each vessel or facility subject to thissubpart must meet the requirements ofthis subpart.


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(b) In addition to the requirements ofthis subpart, equipment which is per-manently installed on vessels and ispart of the diving installation mustmeet Subchapters F and J of this chap-ter.

(c) All repairs and modifications topressure vessels used for commercialdiving operations must be made in ac-cordance with the requirements of sec-tion VIII, division 1 or division 2 of theASME Code, ASME PVHO–1, part 54 ofthis chapter, or 49 CFR 173.34, as appli-cable.

(d) All repairs and modifications topressure piping used for commercialdiving operations must be made in ac-cordance with the requirements of theANSI Code or part 56 of this chapter, asapplicable.

§ 197.310 Air compressor system.

A compressor used to supply breath-ing air to a diver must have—

(a) A volume tank that is—(1) Built and stamped in accordance

with section VIII, division 1 of theASME Code with—

(i) A check valve on the inlet side;(ii) A pressure gage;(iii) A relief valve; and(iv) A drain valve; and(2) Tested after every repair, modi-

fication, or alteration to the pressureboundaries as required by § 197.462;

(b) Intakes that are located awayfrom areas containing exhaust fumes ofinternal combustion engines or otherhazardous contaminants;

(c) An efficient filtration system; and(d) Slow-opening shut-off valves when

the maximum allowable working pres-sure of the system exceeds 500 psig.

§ 197.312 Breathing supply hoses.(a) Each breathing supply hose

must—(1) Have a maximum working pres-

sure that is equal to or exceeds—(i) The maximum working pressure of

the section of the breathing supply sys-tem in which used; and

(ii) The pressure equivalent of themaximum depth of the dive relative tothe supply source plus 100 psig;

(2) Have a bursting pressure of fourtimes its maximum working pressure;

(3) Have connectors that—

(i) Are made of corrosion-resistantmaterial;

(ii) Are resistant to accidental dis-engagement; and

(iii) Have a maximum working pres-sure that is at least equal to the maxi-mum working pressure of the hose towhich they are attached; and

(4) Resist kinking by—(i) Being made of kink-resistant ma-

terials; or(ii) Having exterior support.(b) Each umbilical must—(1) Meet the requirements of para-

graph (a) of this section; and(2) Be marked from the diver or open

bell end in 10-foot intervals to 100 feetand in 50-foot intervals thereafter.

§ 197.314 First aid and treatmentequipment.

(a) Each dive location must have—(1) A medical kit approved by a phy-

sician that consists of—(i) Basic first aid supplies; and(ii) Any additional supplies necessary

to treat minor trauma and illnesses re-sulting from hyperbaric exposure;

(2) A copy of an American Red CrossStandard First Aid handbook;

(3) A bag-type manual resuscitatorwith transparent mask and tubing; and

(4) A capability to remove an injureddiver from the water.

(b) Each diving installation musthave a two-way communications sys-tem to obtain emergency assistance ex-cept when the vessel or facility ship-to-shore, two-way communications sys-tem is readily available.

(c) Each dive location supportingmixed-gas dives, dives deeper than 130fsw, or dives outside the no-decompres-sion limits must meet the require-ments of paragraph (a) of this sectionand have—

(1) A decompression chamber;(2) Decompression and treatment ta-

bles;(3) A supply of breathing gases suffi-

cient to treat for decompression sick-ness;

(4) The medical kit required by para-graph (a)(1) of this section that is—

(i) Capable of being carried into thedecompression chamber; and

(ii) Suitable for use under hyperbaricconditions; and


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46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.318

(5) A capability to assist an injureddiver into the decompression chamber.

§ 197.318 Gages and timekeeping de-vices.

(a) A gage indicating diver depthmust be at each dive location for sur-face-supplied dives.

(b) A timekeeping device must be ateach dive location.

§ 197.320 Diving ladder and stage.

(a) Each diving ladder must—(1) Be capable of supporting the

weight of at least two divers;(2) Extend 3 feet below the water sur-

face;(3) Be firmly in place;(4) Be available at the dive location

for a diver to enter or exit the waterunless a diving stage or bell is pro-vided; and

(5) Be—(i) Made of corrosion-resist-ant material; or

(ii) Protected against and maintainedfree from injurious corrosion.

(b) Each diving stage must—(1) Be capable of supporting the

weight of at least two divers;(2) Have an open-grating platform;(3) Be available for a diver to enter or

exit the water from the dive locationand for in-water decompression if thediver is—

(i) Wearing a heavy-weight divingoutfit; or

(ii) Diving outside the no-decompres-sion limits, except when a bell is pro-vided; and

(4) Be—(i) Made of corrosion-resist-ant material; or

(ii) Protected against and maintainedfree from injurious corrosion.

§ 197.322 Surface-supplied helmets andmasks.

(a) Each surface-supplied helmet ormask must have—

(1) A nonreturn valve at the attach-ment point between helmet or maskand umbilical that closes readily andpositively;

(2) An exhaust valve; and(3) A two-way voice communication

system between the diver and the divelocation or bell.

(b) Each surface-supplied air helmetor mask must—

(1) Ventilate at least 4.5 ACFM atany depth at which it is operated; or

(2) Be able to maintain the diver’s in-spired carbon dioxide partial pressurebelow 0.02 ATA when the diver is pro-ducing carbon dioxide at the rate of 1.6standard liters per minute.

§ 197.324 Diver’s safety harness.

Each safety harness used in surface-supplied diving must have—

(a) A positive buckling device; and(b) An attachment point for the um-

bilical life line that—(1) Distributes the pulling force of

the umbilical over the diver’s body;and

(2) Prevents strain on the mask orhelmet.

§ 197.326 Oxygen safety.

(a) Equipment used with oxygen oroxygen mixtures greater than 40 per-cent by volume must be designed forsuch use.

(b) Oxygen systems with pressuresgreater than 125 psig must have slow-opening shut-off valves except pressureboundary shut-off valves may be ballvalves.

§ 197.328 PVHO—General.

(a) Each PVHO, contracted for orpurchased after February 1, 1979, mustbe built and stamped in accordancewith ASME PVHO–1.

(b) Each PVHO, contracted for orconstructed before February 1, 1979,and not Coast Guard approved, must besubmitted to the Coast Guard for ap-proval prior to February 1, 1984.

(c) To be approved under paragraph(b), a PVHO must be—

(1) Constructed in accordance withpart 54 of this chapter; or—

(2) Be built in accordance with sec-tion VIII, division 1 or division 2 of theASME Code; and—

(i) Have the plans approved in accord-ance with § 54.01–18 of this chapter;

(ii) Pass the radiographic and othersurvey tests of welded joints requiredby section VIII, division 1 or division 2,as appropriate, of the ASME Code; and

(iii) Pass—(A) The hydrostatic testdescribed in § 54.10–10 of this chapter; or


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(B) The pneumatic test described in§ 54.10–15 of this chapter and such addi-tional tests as the Officer-in-Charge,Marine Inspection (OCMI) may require.

(d) Each PVHO must—(1) Have a shut-off valve located

within 1 foot of the pressure boundaryon all piping penetrating the pressureboundary;

(2) Have a check valve located within1 foot of the pressure boundary on allpiping exclusively carrying fluids intothe PVHO;

(3) Have the pressure relief device re-quired by ASME PVHO–1;

(4) Have a built-in breathing systemwith at least one mask per occupantstored inside each separately pressur-ized compartment;

(5) Have a two-way voice communica-tions system allowing communicationsbetween an occupant in one pressurizedcompartment of the PVHO and—

(i) The diving supervisor at the divelocation;

(ii) Any divers being supported fromthe same PVHO; and

(iii) Occupants of other separatelypressurized compartments of the samePVHO;

(6) If designed to mechanically coupleto another PVHO, have a two-way com-munications system allowing commu-nications between occupants of eachPVHO when mechanically coupled;

(7) Have a pressure gage in the inte-rior of each compartment that is—

(i) Designed for human occupancy;and

(ii) Capable of having the compart-ment pressure controlled from insidethe PVHO;

(8) Have viewports that allow obser-vation of occupants from the outside;

(9) Have viewports that meet the re-quirements of ASME PVHO–1 exceptthose PVHO’s approved under para-graph (b) of this section which havenonacrylic viewports;

(10) Have means of illumination suffi-cient to allow an occupant to—

(i) Read gages; and(ii) Operate the installed systems

within each compartment;(11) Be designed and equipped to min-

imize sources of combustible materialsand ignition;

(12) Have a protective device on theinlet side of PVHO exhaust lines;

(13) Have a means of extinguishing afire in the interior;

(14) Have a means of maintaining theoxygen content of the interior atmos-phere below 25 percent surface equiva-lent by volume when pressurized withair as the breathing mixture;

(15) Have a means of maintaining theinterior atmosphere below 2 percentsurface equivalent carbon dioxide byvolume;

(16) Have a means of overriding andcontrolling from the exterior all inte-rior breathing and pressure supply con-trols;

(17) Have a speech unscrambler whenused with mixed-gas;

(18) Have interior electrical systemsthat are designed for the environmentin which they will operate to minimizethe risk of fire, electrical shock to per-sonnel, and galvanic action of thePVHO; and

(19) Be tested after every repair,modification, or alteration to the pres-sure boundaries as required by § 197.462.

§ 197.330 PVHO—Closed bells.(a) Except as provided in paragraph

(b) of this section, each closed bellmust meet the requirements of § 197.328and—

(1) Have underwater breathing appa-ratus for each occupant stored insideeach separately pressurized compart-ment;

(2) Have an umbilical;(3) Have lifting equipment attached

to the closed bell capable of returningthe occupied closed bell when fullyflooded to the dive location;

(4) Be capable of recompressing onthe surface to the maximum designdiving depth;

(5) Be constructed and equipped as re-quired by § 197.332;

(6) Have an emergency locating de-vice designed to assist personnel on thesurface in acquiring and maintainingcontact with the submerged PVHO ifthe umbilical to the surface is severed;

(7) Have a capability to remove an in-jured diver from the water; and

(8) Have a life support capability forthe intact closed bell and its occupantsfor—

(i) Twelve hours after an accidentsevering the umbilical to the surfacewhen the umbilical to the surface is


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46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.332

the only installed means of retrievingthe closed bell; or

(ii) A period of time, at least equal to1 hour plus twice the time required toretrieve the bell from its designed op-erating depth and attach an auxiliarylifesupport system, after an accidentsevering the umbilical to the surfacewhen the umbilical is one of the twoindependent installed means of retriev-ing the closed bell, each meeting therequirements of paragraph (a)(3) of thissection.

(b) A closed bell that does not meetthe requirements of paragraphs (a)(3),(a)(4), and (a)(5) of this section, must becapable of attachment to anotherPVHO that—

(1) Allows the transfer of personneland diver’s equipment under pressurefrom the closed bell to the PVHO;

(2) Meets the requirements of para-graph (a)(3) of this section;

(3) Is capable of attachment to a de-compression chamber meeting the re-quirements of paragraphs (a)(4) and(a)(5) of this section; and

(4) Allows the transfer of personneland diver’s equipment under pressurefrom the PVHO to the decompressionchamber.

§ 197.332 PVHO—Decompressionchambers.

Each decompression chamber must—(a) Meet the requirements of § 197.328;(b) Have internal dimensions suffi-

cient to accommodate a diver lying ina horizontal position and another per-son tending the diver;

(c) Have a capability for ingress andegress of personnel and equipmentwhile the occupants are under pressure;

(d) Have a means of operating all in-stalled man-way locking devices, ex-cept disabled shipping dogs, from bothsides of a closed hatch;

(e) Have interior illumination suffi-cient to allow visual observation, diag-nosis, and medical treatment of an oc-cupant.

(f) Have one bunk for each two occu-pants;

(g) Have a capability that allowsbunks to be seen over their entirelengths from the exterior;

(h) Have a minimum pressure capa-bility of—

(1) 6 ATA, when used for diving to 300fsw; or

(2) The maximum depth of the dive,when used for diving operations deeperthan 300 fsw, unless a closed bell meet-ing the requirements of § 197.330(a) (3),(4), and (5) is used;

(i) Have a minimum pressurizationrate of 2 ATA per minute to 60 fsw andat least 1 ATA per minute thereafter;

(j) Have a decompression rate of 1ATA per minute to 33 fsw;

(k) Have an external pressure gagefor each pressurized compartment;

(l) Have a capability to supplybreathing mixtures at the maximumrate required by each occupant doingheavy work; and

(m) Have a sound-powered headset ortelephone as a backup to the commu-nications system required by § 197.328(c)(5) and (6), except when that commu-nications system is a sound-poweredsystem.

§ 197.334 Open diving bells.Each open diving bell must—(a) Have an upper section that pro-

vides an envelope capable of maintain-ing a bubble of breathing mixtureavailable to a diver standing on thelower section of the platform with hisbody through the open bottom and hishead in the bubble;

(b) Have lifting equipment capable ofreturning the occupied open bell to thedive location;

(c) Have an umbilical; and(d) Be—(1) Made of corrosion-resist-

ing material; or(2) Protected against and maintained

free from injurious corrosion.

§ 197.336 Pressure piping.Piping systems that are not an inte-

gral part of the vessel or facility, car-rying fluids under pressures exceeding15 psig must—

(a) Meet the ANSI Code;(b) Have the point of connection to

the integral piping system of the vesselor facility clearly marked; and

(c) Be tested after every repair, modi-fication, or alteration to the pressureboundaries as set forth in § 197.462.

§ 197.338 Compressed gas cylinders.Each compressed gas cylinder must—(a) Be stored in a ventilated area;


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(b) Be protected from excessive heat;(c) Be prevented from falling;(d) Be tested after any repair, modi-

fication, or alteration to the pressureboundaries as set forth in § 197.462; and

(e) Meet the requirements of—(1) Part 54 of this chapter; or(2) 49 CFR 173.34 and 49 CFR part 178,

subpart C.

§ 197.340 Breathing gas supply.(a) A primary breathing gas supply

for surface-supplied diving must be suf-ficient to support the following for theduration of the planned dive:

(1) The diver.(2) The standby diver.(3) The decompression chamber, when

required by § 197.432(e)(2) or by§ 197.434(a) for the duration of the diveand for one hour after completion ofthe planned dive.

(4) A decompression chamber whenprovided but not required by this sub-part.

(5) A closed bell when provided or re-quired by § 197.434(d).

(6) An open bell when provided or re-quired by § 197.432(e)(4) or by § 197.434(c).

(b) A secondary breathing gas supplyfor surface-supplied diving must be suf-ficient to support the following:

(1) The diver while returning to thesurface.

(2) The diver during decompression.(3) The standby diver.(4) The decompression chamber when

required by § 197.432(e)(2) or by§ 197.434(a) for the duration of the diveand one hour after the completion ofthe planned dive.

(5) The closed bell while returningthe diver to the surface.

(6) The open bell while returning thediver to the surface.

(c) A diver-carried reserve breathinggas supply for surface-supplied divingmust be sufficient to allow the diverto—

(1) Reach the surface.(2) Reach another source of breathing

gas; or(3) Be reached by a standby diver

equipped with another source ofbreathing gas for the diver.

(d) A primary breathing gas supplyfor SCUBA diving must be sufficient tosupport the diver for the duration ofthe planned dive through his return to

the dive location or planned pick-uppoint.

(e) A diver-carried reserve breathinggas supply for SCUBA diving must besufficient to allow the diver to returnto the dive location or planned pick-uppoint from the greatest depth of theplanned dive.

(f) Oxygen used for breathing mix-tures must—

(1) Meet the requirements of FederalSpecification BB–0–925a; and

(2) Be type 1 (gaseous) grade A or B.(g) Nitrogen used for breathing mix-

tures must—(1) Meet the requirements of Federal

Specification BB–N–411c;(2) Be type 1 (gaseous);(3) Be class 1 (oil free); and(4) Be grade A, B, or C.(h) Helium used for breathing mix-

tures must be grades A, B, or C pro-duced by the Federal Government, orequivalent.

(i) Compressed air used for breathingmixtures must—

(1) Be 20 to 22 percent oxygen by vol-ume;

(2) Have no objectionable odor; and(3) Have no more than—(i) 1,000 parts per million of carbon

dioxide;(ii) 20 parts per million carbon mon-

oxide;(iii) 5 milligrams per cubic meter of

solid and liquid particulates includingoil; and

(iv) 25 parts per million of hydro-carbons (includes methane and allother hydrocarbons expressed as meth-ane).

§ 197.342 Buoyancy-changing devices.(a) A dry suit or other buoyancy-

changing device not directly connectedto the exhaust valve of the helmet ormask must have an independent ex-haust valve.

(b) When used for SCUBA diving, abuoyancy-changing device must havean inflation source separate from thebreathing gas supply.

§ 197.344 Inflatable floatation devices.An inflatable floatation device for

SCUBA diving must—(a) Be capable of maintaining the

diver at the surface in a faceup posi-tion;


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46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.346

(b) Have a manually activated infla-tion device;

(c) Have an oral inflation device;(d) Have an over-pressure relief de-

vice; and(e) Have a manually operated exhaust

valve.

§ 197.346 Diver’s equipment.(a) Each diver using SCUBA must

have—(1) Self-contained underwater breath-

ing equipment including—(i) A primary breathing gas supply

with a cylinder pressure gage readableby the diver during the dive; and

(ii) A diver-carried reserve breathinggas supply provided by—

(A) A manual reserve (J valve); or(B) An independent reserve cylinder

connected and ready for use;(2) A face mask;(3) An inflatable floatation device;(4) A weight belt capable of quick re-

lease;(5) A knife;(6) Swim fins or shoes;(7) A diving wristwatch; and(8) A depth gage.(b) Each diver using a heavyweight

diving outfit must—(1) Have a helmet group consisting of

helmet, breastplate, and associatedvalves and connections;

(2) Have a diving dress group consist-ing of a basic dress that encloses thebody (except for head and hands) in atough, waterproof cover, gloves, shoes,weight assembly, and knife;

(3) Have a hose group consisting ofthe breathing gas hose and fittings, thecontrol valve, the lifeline, communica-tions cable, and a pneumofathometer;and

(4) Be provided with a helmet cushionand weighted shoes.

(c) Each surface-supplied dive oper-ation using a heavyweight diving outfitmust have an extra breathing gas hosewith attaching tools available to thestandby diver.

(d) Each diver using a lightweightdiving outfit must have—

(1) A safety harness;(2) A weight assembly capable of

quick release;(3) A mask group consisting of a

lightweight mask and associated valvesand connections;

(4) A diving dress group consisting ofwet or dry diving dress, gloves, shoesor fins, and knife; and

(5) A hose group consisting of thebreathing gas hose and fittings, thecontrol valve, the lifeline, communica-tions cable, and a pneumofathometer(if the breaking strength of the com-munications cable is at least equal tothat required for the lifeline, the com-munications cable can serve as the life-line).

(e) Each surface-supplied air dive op-eration within the no-decompressionlimits and to depths of 130 fsw or lessmust have a primary breathing gassupply at the dive location.

(f) Each surface-supplied dive oper-ation outside the no-compression lim-its, deeper than 130 fsw, or usingmixed-gas as a breathing mixture musthave at the dive location—

(1) A primary breathing gas supply;and

(2) A secondary breathing gas supply.(g) Each diver diving outside the no-

decompression limits, deeper than 130fsw, or using mixed-gas must have adiver-carried reserve breathing gassupply except when using a heavy-weight diving outfit or when diving ina physically confining area.

OPERATIONS


Diving operations may only be con-ducted from a vessel or facility subjectto the subpart if the regulations in thissubpart are met.

§ 197.402 Responsibilities of the per-son-in-charge.

(a) The person-in-charge shall—(1) Be fully cognizant of the provi-

sions of this subpart;(2) Prior to permitting any commer-

cial diving operation to commence,have—

(i) The designation of the diving su-pervisor for each diving operation asrequired by § 197.210;

(ii) A report on—(A) The nature and planned times of

the planned diving operation; and(B) The planned involvement of the

vessel or facility, its equipment, andits personnel in the diving operation.


399


(b) Prior to permitting anycommerical diving operation involvingliveboating to commence, the person-in-charge shall insure that—

(1) A means of rapid communicationswith the diving supervisor while thediver is entering, in, or leaving thewater is established; and

(2) A boat and crew for diver pickupin the event of an emergency is pro-vided.

(c) The person-in-charge shall insurethat a boat and crew for SCUBA diverpickup is provided when SCUBA diversare not line-tended from the dive loca-tion.

(d) The person-in-charge shall coordi-nate the activities on and of the vesselor facility with the diving supervisor.

(e) The person-in-charge shall insurethat the vessel or facility equipmentand personnel are kept clear of the divelocation except after coordinating withthe diving supervisor.

§ 197.404 Responsibilities of the divingsupervisor.

(a) The diving supervisor shall—(1) Be fully cognizant of the provi-

sions of this subpart;(2) Be fully cognizant of the provi-

sions of the operations manual re-quired by § 197.420;

(3) Insure that diving operations con-ducted from a vessel or facility subjectto this subpart meet the regulations inthis subpart;

(4) Prior to the commencement ofany commercial diving operation, pro-vide the report required by § 197.402 tothe person-in-charge;

(5) Coordinate with the person-in-charge any changes that are made tothe report required by § 197.402; and

(6) Promptly notify the person-in-charge of any diving related casualty,accident, or injury.

(b) The diving supervisor is in chargeof the planning and execution of thediving operation including the respon-sibility for the safety and health of thedive team.

§ 197.410 Dive procedures.(a) The diving supervisor shall insure

that—(1) Before commencing diving oper-

ations, dive team members are briefedon—

(i) The tasks to be undertaken;(ii) Any unusual hazards or environ-

mental conditions likely to affect thesafety of the diving operation; and

(iii) Any modifications to the oper-ations manual or procedures includingsafety procedures necessitated by thespecific diving operation;

(2) The breathing gas supply systems,masks, helmets, thermal protection,when provided, and bell lifting equip-ment, when a bell is provided or re-quired, are inspected prior to each div-ing operation;

(3) Each diver is instructed to reportany physical problems or physiologicaleffects including aches, pains, currentillnesses, or symptoms of decompres-sion sickness prior to each dive;

(4) A depth, bottom time profile, in-cluding any breathing mixturechanges, is maintained at the dive lo-cation for each diver during the dive,except that SCUBA divers shall main-tain their own profiles;

(5) A two-way voice communicationsystem is used between—

(i) Each surface-supplied diver and adive team member at the dive locationor bell (when provided); and

(ii) The bell (when provided) and thedive location;

(6) A two-way communication systemis available at the dive location to ob-tain emergency assistance;

(7) After the completion of eachdive—

(i) The physical condition of thediver is checked by—

(A) Visual observation; and(B) Questioning the diver about his

physical well-being;(ii) The diver is instructed to report

any physical problems or adverse phys-iological effects including aches, pains,current illnesses, or symptoms of de-compression sickness or gas embolism;

(iii) The diver is advised of the loca-tion of an operational decompressionchamber; and

(iv) The diver is alerted to the poten-tial hazards of flying after diving;

(8) For any dive outside the no-de-compression limits, deeper than 130fsw, or using mixed-gas as a breathingmixture—

(i) A depth, time, decompression pro-file including breathing mixture


400

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.420

changes is maintained for each diver atthe dive location;

(ii) The diver is instructed to remainawake and in the vicinity of the divelocation decompression chamber for atleast one hour after the completion ofa dive, decompression, or treatment;and

(iii) A dive team member, other thanthe diver, is trained and available tooperate the decompression chamber;and

(9) When decompression sickness orgas embolism is suspected or symptomsare evident, a report is completed con-taining—

(i) The investigation for each inci-dent including—

(A) The dive and decompression pro-files;

(B) The composition, depth, and timeof breathing mixture changes;

(C) A description of the symptoms in-cluding depth and time of onset; and

(D) A description and results of thetreatment;

(ii) The evaluation for each incidentbased on—

(A) The investigation;(B) Consideration of the past per-

formance of the decompression tableused; and

(C) Individual susceptibility; and(iii) The corrective action taken, if

necessary, to reduce the probability ofrecurrence.

(b) The diving supervisor shall ensurethat the working interval of a dive isterminated when he so directs orwhen—

(1) A diver requests termination;(2) A diver fails to respond correctly

to communications or signals from adive team member;

(3) Communications are lost and cannot be quickly reestablished between—

(i) The diver and a dive team memberat the dive location; or

(ii) The person-in-charge and the div-ing supervisor during liveboating oper-ations; or

(4) A diver begins to use his diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply.

§ 197.420 Operations manual.(a) The diving supervisor shall—(1) Provide an operations manual to

the person-in-charge prior to com-

mencement of any diving operation;and

(2) Make an operations manual avail-able at the dive location to all mem-bers of the dive team.

(b) The operations manual must bemodified in writing when adaptation isrequired because of—

(1) The configuration or operation ofthe vessel or facility; or

(2) The specific diving operation asplanned.

(c) The operations manual must pro-vide for the safety and health of thedivers.

(d) The operations manual must con-tain the following:

(1) Safety procedures and checklistsfor each diving mode used.

(2) Assignments and responsibilitiesof each dive team member for each div-ing mode used.

(3) Equipment procedures and check-lists for each diving mode used.

(4) Emergency procedures for—(i) Fire;(ii) Equipment failure;(iii) Adverse environmental condi-

tions including, but not limited to,weather and sea state;

(iv) Medical illness; and(v) Treatment of injury.(5) Procedures dealing with the use

of—(i) Hand-held power tools;(ii) Welding and burning equipment;

and(iii) Explosives.

SPECIFIC DIVING MODE PROCEDURES

§ 197.430 SCUBA diving.The diving supervisor shall insure

that—(a) SCUBA diving is not conducted—(1) Outside the no-decompression lim-

its;(2) At depths greater than 130 fsw;(3) Against currents greater than one

(1) knot unless line-tended; and(4) If a diver cannot directly ascend

to the surface unless line-tended;(b) The SCUBA diver has the equip-

ment required by § 197.346(a);(c) A standby diver is available while

a diver is in the water;(d) A diver is line-tended from the

surface or accompanied by anotherdiver in the water in continuous visualcontact during the diving operation;


401


(e) When a diver is in a physicallyconfining space, another diver is sta-tioned at the underwater point of entryand is line-tending the diver; and

(f) A boat is available for diver pick-up when the divers are not line-tendedfrom the dive location.

§ 197.432 Surface-supplied air diving.The diving supervisor shall insure

that—(a) Surface-supplied air diving is con-

ducted at depths less than 190 fsw, ex-cept that dives with bottom times of 30minutes or less may be conducted todepths of 220 fsw;

(b) Each diving operation has a pri-mary breathing gas supply;

(c) Each diver is continuously tendedwhile in the water;

(d) When a diver is in a physicallyconfining space, another diver is sta-tioned at the underwater point of entryand is line-tending the diver;

(e) For dives deeper than 130 fsw oroutside the no-decompression limits—

(1) Each diving operation has a sec-ondary breathing gas supply;

(2) A decompression chamber is readyfor use at the dive location;

(3) A diving stage is used except whena bell is provided;

(4) A bell is used for dives with an in-water decompression time greater than120 minutes, except when the diver isusing a heavy-weight diving outfit or isdiving in a physically confining space;

(5) A separate dive team membertends each diver in the water;

(6) A standby diver is available whilea diver is in the water; and

(7) Each diver has a diver-carried re-serve breathing gas supply except whenusing a heavy-weight diving outfit orwhen diving in a physically confiningspace; and

(f) The surface-supplied air diver hasthe equipment required by § 197.346 (b)or (d).

§ 197.434 Surface-supplied mixed-gasdiving.

The diving supervisor shall insurethat—

(a) When mixed-gas diving is con-ducted, a decompression chamber or aclosed bell meeting the requirements of§ 197.332 is ready for use at the dive lo-cation;

(b) A diving stage is used exceptwhen a bell is provided;

(c) A bell is used for dives deeperthan 220 fsw or when the dive involvesin-water decompression times greaterthan 120 minutes, except when thediver is using a heavy-weight divingoutfit or is diving in a physically con-fining space;

(d) A closed bell is used for dives atdepths greater than 300 fsw, exceptwhen diving is conducted in a phys-ically confining space;

(e) A separate dive team membertends each diver in the water;

(f) A standby diver is available dur-ing all nonsaturation dives;

(g) When saturation diving is con-ducted—

(1) A standby diver is available whenthe closed bell leaves the dive locationuntil the divers are in saturation; and

(2) A member of the dive team at thedive location is a diver able to assist inthe recovery of the closed bell or its oc-cupants, if required;

(h) When closed bell operations areconducted, a diver is available in theclosed bell to assist a diver in thewater;

(i) When a diver is in a physicallyconfining space, another diver is sta-tioned at the underwater point of entryand is line-tending the diver;

(j) Each diving operation has a pri-mary and secondary breathing gas sup-ply meeting the requirements of§ 197.340; and

(k) The surface-supplied mixed-gasdiver has the equipment required by§ 197.346 (b) or (d).

§ 197.436 Liveboating.

(a) During liveboating operations,the person-in-charge shall insurethat—

(1) Diving is not conducted in seasthat impede station-keeping ability ofthe vessel;

(2) Liveboating operations are notconducted—

(i) From 1 hour after sunset to 1 hourbefore sunrise; or

(ii) During periods of restricted visi-bility;

(3) The propellers of the vessel arestopped before the diver enters or exitsthe water; and


402

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.450

(4) A boat is ready to be launchedwith crew in the event of an emer-gency.

(b) As used in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) ofthis section, restricted visibility meansany condition in which vessel naviga-tional visibility is restricted by fog,mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms,sandstorms or any other similarcauses.

(c) During liveboating operations, thediving supervisor shall insure that—

(1) Diving is not conducted at depthsgreater than 220 fsw;

(2) Diving is not conducted in seasthat impede diver mobility or workfunction;

(3) A means is used to prevent thediver’s hose from entangling in the pro-pellers of the vessel;

(4) Each diver carries a reservebreathing gas supply;

(5) A standby diver is available whilea diver is in the water;

(6) Diving is not conducted with in-water decompression times greaterthan 120 minutes; and

(7) The person-in-charge is notifiedbefore a diver enters or exits the water.

PERIODIC TESTS AND INSPECTIONS OFDIVING EQUIPMENT

§ 197.450 Breathing gas tests.The diving supervisor shall insure

that—(a) The output of each air compressor

is tested and meets the requirements of§ 197.340 for quality and quantity bymeans of samples taken at the connec-tion point to the distribution system—

(1) Every 6 months; and(2) After every repair or modifica-

tion.(b) Purchased supplies of breathing

mixtures supplied to a diver arechecked before being placed on linefor—

(1) Certification that the supplymeets the requirements of § 197.340; and

(2) Noxious or offensive odor and oxy-gen percentage;

(c) Each breathing supply system ischecked, prior to commencement ofdiving operations, at the umbilical orunderwater breathing apparatus con-nection point for the diver, for noxiousor offensive odor and presence of oilmist; and

(d) Each breathing supply system,supplying mixed-gas to a diver, ischecked, prior to commencement ofdiving operations, at the umbilical orunderwater breathing apparatus con-nection point for the diver, for percent-age of oxygen.

§ 197.452 Oxygen cleaning.The diving supervisor shall ensure

that equipment used with oxygen oroxygen mixtures greater than 40 per-cent by volume is cleaned of flammablematerials—

(a) Before being placed into service;and

(b) After any repair, alteration,modification, or suspected contamina-tion.

§ 197.454 First aid and treatmentequipment.

The diving supervisor shall ensurethat medical kits are checked monthlyto insure that all required supplies arepresent.

§ 197.456 Breathing supply hoses.(a) The diving supervisor shall insure

that—(1) Each breathing supply hose is

pressure tested prior to being placedinto initial service and every 24 monthsthereafter to 1.5 times its maximumworking pressure;

(2) Each breathing supply hose as-sembly, prior to being placed into ini-tial service and after any repair, modi-fication, or alteration, is tensile testedby—

(i) Subjecting each hose-to-fittingconnection to a 200 pound axial load;and

(ii) Passing a visual examination forevidence of separation, slippage, orother damage to the assembly;

(3) Each breathing supply hose is pe-riodically checked for—

(i) Damage which is likely to affectpressure integrity; and

(ii) Contamination which is likely toaffect the purity of the breathing mix-ture delivered to the diver; and

(4) The open ends of each breathingsupply hose are taped, capped, orplugged when not in use.

(b) To meet the requirements of para-graph (a)(3) of this section, eachbreathing supply hose must be—


403


(1) Carefully inspected before beingshipped to the dive location;

(2) Visually checked during daily op-eration; and

(3) Checked for noxious or offensiveodor before each diving operation.

§ 197.458 Gages and timekeeping de-vices.

The diving supervisor shall insurethat—

(a) Each depth gage and timekeepingdevice is tested or calibrated against amaster reference gage or timekeepingdevice every 6 months;

(b) A depth gage is tested when a dis-crepancy exists in a depth gage readinggreater than 2 percent of full scale be-tween any two gages of similar rangeand calibration;

(c) A timekeeping device is testedwhen a discrepancy exists in atimekeeping device reading greaterthan one-quarter of a minute in a 4-hour period between any twotimekeeping devices; and

(d) Each depth gage and timekeepingdevice is inspected before diving oper-ations are begun.

§ 197.460 Diving equipment.The diving supervisor shall insure

that the diving equipment designatedfor use in a dive under § 197.346 is in-spected before each dive.

§ 197.462 Pressure vessels and pres-sure piping.

(a) The diving supervisor shall ensurethat each pressure vessel, includingeach volume tank, cylinder and PVHO,and each pressure piping system is ex-amined and tested as required by thissection and after any repair, modifica-tion or alteration to determine thatthey are in satisfactory condition andfit for the service intended.

(b) Pressure vessels and pressure pip-ing shall be examined annually for me-chanical damage or deterioration. Anydefect that may impair the safety ofthe pressure vessel or piping shall berepaired and pressure tested to the sat-isfaction of the Officer in Charge, Ma-rine Inspection.

(c) The following tests shall be con-ducted at least every three years:

(1) All piping permanently installedon a PVHO shall be pressure tested.

(2) PVHOs subject to internal pres-sure shall be leak tested at the maxi-mum allowable working pressure usingthe breathing mixture normally usedin service.

(3) Equivalent nondestructive testingmay be conducted in lieu of pressuretesting. Proposals to use non-destructive testing in lieu of pressuretesting shall be submitted to the Offi-cer in Charge, Marine Inspection.

(d) Unless otherwise noted, pressuretests conducted in accordance with thissection shall be either hydrostatictests or pneumatic tests.

(1) When a hydrostatic test is con-ducted on a pressure vessel, the testpressure shall be no less than 1.25 timesthe maximum allowable working pres-sure.

(2) When a pneumatic test is con-ducted on a pressure vessel, the testpressure shall be the maximum allow-able working pressure stamped on thenameplate.

(3) When a pneumatic test is con-ducted on piping, the test pressureshall be no less than 90 percent of thesetting of the relief device.

(4) Pressure tests shall be conductedonly after suitable precautions aretaken to protect personnel and equip-ment.

(5) When pressure tests are conductedon pressure vessels or pressure piping,the test pressure shall be maintainedfor a period of time sufficient to allowexamination of all joints, connectionsand high stress areas.

[CGD 95–028, 62 FR 51220, Sept. 30, 1997]

RECORDS

§ 197.480 Logbooks.

(a) The person-in-charge of a vesselor facility, that is required by 46 U.S.C.11301 to have an official logbook, shallmaintain the logbook on form CG–706.

(b) The person-in-charge of a vesselor facility not required by 46 U.S.C.11301 to have an official logbook, shallmaintain, on board, a logbook for mak-ing the entries required by this sub-part.

(c) The diving supervisor conductingcommercial diving operations from a


404

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.482

vessel or facility subject to this sub-part shall maintain a logbook for mak-ing the entries required by this sub-part.


§ 197.482 Logbook entries.(a) The person-in-charge shall insure

that the following information is re-corded in the logbook for each com-mercial diving operation:

(1) Date, time, and location at thestart and completion of dive oper-ations.

(2) Approximate underwater and sur-face conditions (weather, visibility,temperatures, and currents).

(3) Name of the diving supervisor.(4) General nature of work performed.(b) The diving supervisor shall insure

that the following information is re-corded in the logbook for each com-mercial diving operation:

(1) Date, time, and location at thestart and completion of each dive oper-ation.

(2) Approximate underwater and sur-face conditions (weather, visibility,temperatures, and currents).

(3) Names of dive team members in-cluding diving supervisor.

(4) General nature of work performed.(5) Repetitive dive designation or

elapsed time since last hyperbaric ex-posure if less than 24 hours for eachdiver.

(6) Diving modes used.(7) Maximum depth and bottom time

for each diver.(8) Name of person-in-charge.(9) For each dive outside the no-de-

compression limits, deeper than 130fsw, or using mixed-gas, the breathinggases and decompression table designa-tions used.

(10) When decompression sickness orgas embolism is suspected or symptomsare evident—

(i) The name of the diver; and(ii) A description and results of treat-

ment.(11) For each fatality or any diving

related injury or illness that results inincapacitation of more than 72 hours orrequires any dive team member to behospitalized for more than 24 hours—

(i) The date;

(ii) Time;(iii) Circumstances; and(iv) Extent of any injury or illness.(c) The diving supervisor shall insure

that the following is recorded in thelogbook for each diving operation devi-ating from the requirements of thissubpart:

(1) A description of the cir-cumstances leading to the situation.

(2) The deviations made.(3) The corrective action taken, if ap-

propriate, to reduce the possibility ofrecurrence.

(d) The diving supervisor shall insurethat a record of the following is main-tained:

(1) The date and results of each checkof the medical kits.

(2) The date and results of each testof the air compressor.

(3) The date and results of each checkof breathing mixtures.

(4) The date and results of each checkof each breathing supply system.

(5) The date, equipment cleaned, gen-eral cleaning procedure, and names ofpersons cleaning the diving equipmentfor oxygen service.

(6) The date and results of each testof the breathing supply hoses and sys-tem.

(7) The date and results of each in-spection of the breathing gas supplysystem.

(8) The date and results of each testof depth gages and timekeeping de-vices.

(9) The date and results of each testand inspection of each PVHO.

(10) The date and results of each in-spection of the diving equipment.

(11) The date and results of each testand inspection of pressure piping.

(12) The date and results of each testand inspection of volume tanks andcylinders.

(e) The diving supervisor shall insurethat a notation concerning the loca-tion of the information required underparagraph (d) is made in the logbook.

NOTE: R.S. 4290 (46 U.S.C. 201) requires thatcertain entries be made in an official log-book in addition to the entries required bythis section; and R.S. 4291 (46 U.S.C. 202) pre-scribes the manner of making those entries.


405


§ 197.484 Notice of casualty.(a) In addition to the requirements of

subpart 4.05 of this chapter and 33 CFR146.30, the person-in-charge shall notifythe Officer-in-Charge, Marine Inspec-tion, as soon as possible after a divingcasualty occurs, if the casualty in-volves any of the following:

(1) Loss of life.(2) Diving-related injury to any per-

son causing incapacitation for morethan 72 hours.

(3) Diving-related injury to any per-son requiring hospitalization for morethan 24 hours.

(b) The notice required by this sec-tion must contain the following:

(1) Name and official number (if ap-plicable) of the vessel or facility.

(2) Name of the owner or agent of thevessel or facility.

(3) Name of the person-in-charge.(4) Name of the diving supervisor.(5) Description of the casualty in-

cluding presumed cause.(6) Nature and extent of the injury to

persons.(c) The notice required by this sec-

tion is not required if the written re-port required by § 197.486 is submittedwithin 5 days of the casualty.


§ 197.486 Written report of casualty.The person-in-charge of a vessel or

facility for which a notice of casualtywas made under § 197.484 shall submit areport to the Officer-in-Charge, MarineInspection, as soon as possible after thecasualty occurs, as follows:

(a) On Form CG–2692, when the divinginstallation is on a vessel.

(b) Using a written report, in nar-rative form, when the diving installa-tion is on a facility. The written reportmust contain the information requiredby § 197.484.

(c) The report required by this sec-tion must be accompanied by a copy ofthe report required by § 197.410(a)(9)when decompression sickness is in-volved.

(d) The report required by this sec-tion must include information relatingto alcohol or drug involvement as re-quired by § 4.05–12 of this chapter.

(The reporting requirement in paragraph (a)was approved by OMB under control number2115–0003)

[CGD 76–009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16, 1978, asamended by CGD 82–023, 47 FR 35748, Aug. 16,1982; 48 FR 43328, Sept. 23, 1983; CGD 84–099, 52FR 47536, Dec. 14, 1987]

§ 197.488 Retention of records aftercasualty.

(a) The owner, agent, or person-in-charge of a vessel or facility for whicha report of casualty is made under§ 197.484 shall retain all records onboardthat are maintained on the vessel or fa-cility and those records required bythis subpart for 6 months after the re-port of a casualty is made or until ad-vised by the Officer-in-Charge, MarineInspection, that records need not be re-tained onboard.

(b) The records required by paragraph(a) of this section to be retained onboard include, but are not limited to,the following:

(1) All logbooks required by § 197.480.(2) All reports required by

§ 197.402(a)(2)(ii), § 197.404(a)(4),§ 197.410(a)(9).

(c) The owner, agent, person-in-charge, or diving supervisor shall, uponrequest, make the records described inthis section available for examinationby any Coast Guard official authorizedto investigate the casualty.

Subpart C—Benzene

SOURCE: CGD 88–040, 56 FR 52135, Oct. 17,1991, unless otherwise noted.


(a) Except for vessels satisfying para-graph (b) of this section, this subpartapplies to all Coast Guard inspectedvessels, including tank ships andbarges, that are carrying benzene orbenzene containing liquids in bulk ascargo.

(b) This subpart does not apply tovessels that are carrying only liquidcargoes containing less than 0.5% ben-zene by volume.

(c) This subpart does not apply tovessels of foreign registry.

[CGD 88–040, 56 FR 52135, Oct. 17, 1991; 56 FR65006, Dec. 13, 1991]


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46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.505

§ 197.505 Definitions.

As used in this subpart—Action level means an airborne con-

centration of benzene of 0.5 parts ofbenzene per million parts of air cal-culated as an eight hour time-weightedaverage, generated from vessels regu-lated by this subpart.

Authorized person means a person spe-cifically authorized by the person incharge of the vessel to enter a regu-lated area.

Benzene means liquefied or gaseousbenzene (C6 H6; Chemical AbstractsService Registry No. 71–43–2) and in-cludes benzene contained in liquid mix-tures and the benzene vapors releasedby these mixtures. The term does notinclude trace amounts of unreactedbenzene contained in solid materials.

Breathing zone means the area withinone foot of a person’s mouth and nose.

Employee means an individual who ison board a vessel by reason of that in-dividual’s employment and who is em-ployed directly by the owner,charterer, managing operator, or agentof that vessel.

Employer means the owner, charterer,managing operator, or agent of a ves-sel.

Emergency means an occurrence, suchas an equipment failure, a containerrupture, or a control equipment fail-ure, which results or may result in anunexpected release of benzene.

Operations involving benzene meansany operation that could subject aworker to benzene exposures above thePEL, including cargo transfer oper-ations involving connecting or dis-connecting liquid or vapor hoses; cargotank gauging and sampling; and cargotank gas freeing, venting, and cleaning.

Performance standard means thestandard in § 197.520.

Person in charge means—(1) For a self propelled vessel, the

master or licensed operator of the ves-sel; and

(2) For an unmanned barge,(i) The licensed operator of the vessel

for barge tows;(ii) Where there is no licensed opera-

tor, the tankerman who signs the dec-laration of inspection for a cargo trans-fer for an operation involving benzene;or

(iii) Where there is no licensed opera-tor or tankerman, the individual incharge of the vessel when it is mooredat a fleet, terminal, or other place.

Permissible exposure limits or PELsmean the exposure limits specified in§ 197.515.

Personal exposure means the con-centration of airborne benzene towhich a person would be exposed if thatperson were not using a properly fittedrespirator in compliance with § 197.550and the personal protective clothingand equipment in compliance with§ 197.555.

Regulated area means an area des-ignated in compliance with § 197.535.

Short-term exposure limit or STELmeans an airborne concentration offive parts of benzene per million partsof air (five ppm), as averaged over any15 minute period.

Time-weighted average exposure limit orTWA means an airborne concentrationof one part of benzene per million partsof air (one ppm), as averaged over aneight-hour period. This eight hour pe-riod covers the time, up to eight hours,that the employee works in any 24 hourperiod. If the exposure period is lessthan eight hours within the 24 hour pe-riod, the difference between eighthours and the time of exposure (that is,the unexposed time) is averaged intothe TWA. If the exposure period ex-ceeds eight hours in any 24 hour period,sum the products of each exposurelevel multiplied by the time at that ex-posure level. The TWA is the value ofthat sum divided by eight hours.

Vapor control or recovery system meansa system of piping and equipment usedto collect vapors by transporting thevapors from a tank being loaded to atank being unloaded or by collectingthe vapors and containing them, recov-ering them, dispersing them in a loca-tion remote from personnel, or destroy-ing them.

§ 197.510 Incorporation by reference.(a) Certain materials are incor-

porated by reference into this subpartwith the approval of the Director of theFederal Register in accordance with 5U.S.C. 522(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To en-force any edition other than the onelisted in paragraph (b) of this section,notice of the change must be published


407


in the FEDERAL REGISTER and the ma-terial made available to the public. Allapproved material is on file at the Of-fice of the Federal Register, 800 NorthCapitol Street, NW., Suite 700, Wash-ington, DC and at U.S. Coast Guard, Of-fice of Operating and EnvironmentalStandards (G–MSO), 2100 SecondStreet, SW., Washington, DC 20593–0001and is available from the sources indi-cated in paragraph (b) of this section.

(b) The material approved for incor-poration by reference in this subpartand the sections affected are as follows:American National Standards Institute

(ANSI)11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036ANSI Z 88.2—1980—Practices for Res-

piratory Protection ......................§ 197.550

[CGD 88–040, 56 FR 52135, Oct. 17, 1991, asamended by CGD 95–072, 60 FR 50469, Sept. 29,1995; CGD 96–041, 61 FR 50735, Sept. 27, 1996; 61FR 52497, Oct. 7, 1996]

§ 197.515 Permissible exposure limits(PELs).

The permissible exposure limits(PELs) for personal exposure are as fol-lows:

(a) The time-weighted average expo-sure limit (TWA).

(b) The short-term exposure limit(STEL). Exposures at the STEL mustnot be repeated more than four times aday. There must be at least 60 minutesbetween successive exposures at theSTEL.

§ 197.520 Performance standard.No person may be subjected to a per-

sonal exposure in excess of the permis-sible exposure limits unless respiratoryprotection is used.

§ 197.525 Responsibility of the personin charge.

Unless otherwise specified, the per-son in charge shall ensure that the per-formance standard and other require-ments of this subpart are compliedwith on that person’s vessel.

§ 197.530 Persons other than employ-ees.

(a) Before a nonemployee (other thanFederal, state, and local governmentpersonnel) engages in a benzene oper-ation on a vessel in which the person islikely to be exposed to benzene in ex-

cess of the PELs, that person must cer-tify that—

(1) That person has had, within theprevious 12 months, at least one medi-cal examination in compliance with§ 197.560 or 29 CFR 1910.1028;

(2) The physician who performed orwho supervised the latest medical ex-amination in compliance with para-graph (a)(1) of this section did not rec-ommend that that person be excludedfrom areas where personal exposuremay exceed the action level;

(3) All respirators and personal pro-tective clothing and equipment thatwill be used by that person while onthe vessel meet the requirements of§ 197.550(b) and § 197.555(c) or of 29 CFR1910.1028; and

(4) All respirators that will be usedby that person while on the vessel havebeen fitted and fit tested in accordancewith § 197.550 (c) and (d) or with 29 CFR1910.1028.

NOTE: The employer need not furnish therequired respirators and personal protectiveclothing and equipment to nonemployees.

(b) The certification required byparagraph (a) of this section must be inwriting, list the items in paragraphs(a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section, ref-erence 46 CFR 197.530, state the date ofthe certification, and be signed by theperson making the certification. Asample certification form is containedin appendix F of this subpart.

(c) Before the nonemployee makingthe certification engages in a benzeneoperation on a vessel, that person or arepresentative of the entity which em-ploys that person must show a copy ofthe certification to the person incharge of the vessel and the person incharge must examine the certificationto ensure compliance with the require-ments of this section.

§ 197.535 Regulated areas.

(a) Based on the employer’s evalua-tion of the environmental monitoring,whenever the airborne concentration ofbenzene within an area exceeds or rea-sonably can be expected to exceed thepermissible exposure limits, the personin charge shall mark the area as a reg-ulated area.


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46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.540

(b) The person in charge shall re-strict access to regulated areas to au-thorized persons wearing an appro-priate respirator in compliance with§ 197.550 and the personal protectiveclothing and equipment in compliancewith § 197.555. The person in chargeshall not allow any person to enter aregulated area without another indi-vidual in the vicinity to perform rescueor call for help. The second individualmust maintain communication withthe one entering the regulated area orkeep that individual in sight. Also, thesecond individual must be located atthe point of access during confinedspace entry.

(c) The boundaries of regulated areasmust be indicated by barricades, otherdevices, or by painted areas on the ves-sel. A sign bearing the following legendin letters at least three inches high(except for the words ‘‘DANGER—BEN-ZENE’’, which must be printed in let-ters at least 50 percent larger than theother words) must be posted at each ac-cess to the regulated areas:

DANGER—BENZENE

REGULATED AREA

CANCER CAUSING AGENT

FLAMMABLE—NO SMOKING

AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

RESPIRATOR REQUIRED

§ 197.540 Determination of personalexposure.

(a) General. (1) The employer shall en-sure that one or more persons in eachtype of operation conducted on the ves-sel which involves the handling of orpotential exposure to benzene are mon-itored. The monitoring must be con-ducted so as to determine the rep-resentative personal exposure of allpersons engaged in each particular op-eration involving benzene. Monitoringone vessel of a class is sufficient for allvessels of that class provided the proce-dures, equipment, work practices,cargo, and control equipment are sub-stantially the same.

(2) For long duration operations,such as cargo loading or tank entry,the persons monitored must be mon-itored to determine the representativeTWA for all persons engaged in the op-

eration. The monitoring must be basedon breathing zone air samples takenfor the duration of the operation or foreight hours, whichever is less.

(3) For short duration operations,such as tank gauging or hose connec-tion and disconnection, the personsmonitored must be monitored to deter-mine the representative short term ex-posure level for all persons engaged inthe operation. The monitoring must bebased on 15 minute breathing zone airsamples. Brief period measuring de-vices may be used to determine wheth-er monitoring for the short term expo-sure level is needed.

(4) If cargoes with different benzeneconcentrations are being carried on thevessel, an operation involving thelower concentration cargoes need notbe monitored if the same type of oper-ation involving the highest concentra-tion cargo is monitored and found to bebelow the action level.

(5) Initial monitoring must be con-ducted during weather conditions typi-cal in the geographic area and duringthe time of day the operation is nor-mally conducted. If the benzene level isabove half the action level for the oper-ation, additional monitoring must beconducted under those weather condi-tions that will maximize benzene expo-sure, such as low wind, stable air, andhigh temperature.

(6) The monitoring method used mustbe accurate to a confidence level of 95percent to within plus or minus 25 per-cent for airborne concentrations ofbenzene equal to or greater than 0.5ppm.

(b) Initial exposure monitoring. Whenbenzene is first loaded as a cargo onboard a vessel, an initial monitoring ofeach type of operation must be con-ducted to determine accurately therepresentative personal exposure ofpersons involved in the operation.

(c) Periodic exposure monitoring. Themonitoring must be repeated each Julyor August if benzene containing car-goes are carried during those months;monitoring must be conducted underthose weather conditions that willmaximize benzene exposure, such aslow wind, stable air, and high tempera-ture. If benzene containing cargoes arenot carried during those months, mon-itoring must be conducted at the time


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of carriage nearest those months; mon-itoring must be conducted under thoseweather conditions that will maximizebenzene exposure, such as low wind,stable air, and high temperature.

(d) Additional exposure monitoring. (1)Monitoring in compliance with para-graphs (b) and (c) of this section mustbe repeated for the operation whenthere has been a change in the proce-dure, equipment, or work practices ofthe operation which may increase per-sonal exposure or whenever the em-ployer or person in charge has any rea-son to suspect that personal exposurehas increased.

(2) Whenever emergencies occur thatmay increase personal exposure, oper-ations affected by the emergency mustbe monitored using area or personalsampling after the spill is cleaned up orthe leak, rupture, or other breakdownis repaired to determine when personalexposure has returned to the level thatexisted before the emergency. Theremust be monitoring equipment aboardeach ship.

(3) For those cases in which the ben-zene exposure can vary significantlyover the year, the personnel exposurereduction plan can reflect this vari-ation in time if both initial and peri-odic exposure monitoring are con-ducted at those times. There must besufficient monitoring to quantitativelyjustify differences in the exposure re-duction program over the course of theyear. The exposure monitoring must beconducted under those weather condi-tions that will maximize benzene expo-sure, such as low wind, stable air, andhigh temperature.

(4) The Coast Guard may require ad-ditional monitoring upon reasonablebelief that the PEL’s are being exceed-ed.

(e) Notification of exposure monitoringresults. (1) Within 60 working days afterthe receipt of the results of monitoringin compliance with this section, eachperson involved in the operation mon-itored must be given written notice ofthe results, either by separate letter orby notice posted in a location acces-sible to all persons involved.

(2) If the results indicate that thePELs were exceeded, the written noticerequired by paragraph (e)(1) of this sec-tion must state, or refer to a document

available to the persons involved whichstates, the corrective action to betaken to reduce the personal exposureto or below the PELs.

[CGD 88–040, 56 FR 52135, Oct. 17, 1991; 56 FR65006, Dec. 13, 1991; CGD 95–028, 62 FR 51221,Sept. 30, 1997]

§ 197.545 Program to reduce personalexposure.

(a) When personal exposure for an op-eration is over the applicable PEL asdetermined in compliance with§ 197.540, the employer shall developand implement, within 60 working daysof the date of that determination, awritten program detailing the correc-tive actions that will be taken to re-duce personal exposure to or below thePEL’s. The written program must in-clude a timeframe for implementingthe corrective actions to be taken.

(b) Corrective actions in compliancewith paragraph (a) of this section mayinclude, but are not limited to, one ormore of the following:

(1) Engineering controls (e.g. vaporcontrol or recovery systems, closedloading systems, or controlled ventingsystems);

(2) Revised work practices; or(3) Respirators in compliance with

§ 197.550 and personal protective cloth-ing and equipment in compliance with§ 197.555.

(c) Whenever the exposure monitor-ing data show a significant increase inpersonnel exposure, the program mustbe revised to reflect the new data.

(d) Each person involved in the oper-ation must be notified that a writtenprogram detailing corrective actions isavailable upon request.

(e) A copy of the written programmust be furnished upon request to theCoast Guard.

§ 197.550 Respiratory protection.

(a) General. When the use of res-pirators in compliance with this sec-tion and the personal protective cloth-ing and equipment in compliance with§ 197.555 is chosen as the method or oneof the methods in compliance with§ 197.545 to be used in meeting the per-formance standard, the respiratorsused must be selected and fitted ac-cording to this section.


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46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–98 Edition)§ 197.550

(b) Respirator selection. (1) The res-pirator must be approved by the MineSafety and Health Administration(MSHA) in compliance with 30 CFRpart 11. When filter elements are used,they must include MSHA approval fororganic vapors or benzene.

(2) The employer shall provide af-fected employees with the appropriaterespirators without charge and ensurethat the respirators are used properly.Any employee determined by the test-ing physician as being unable to wearnegative pressure respirators, who con-tinues to be subject to exposure overthe PEL, must be given the option ofwearing a respirator with less breath-ing resistance, such as a powered air-purifying respirator or a supplied airrespirator.

(3) Electrically powered respiratoryprotective equipment must meet theelectrical engineering requirements insubchapter J of this chapter and theelectrical equipment requirements inpart 151, table 151.05, and part 153, table1, of this chapter.

(4) The type of respirator providedmust be a type specified in table197.550(b) of this section that is appro-priate for the exposure.

TABLE 197.550(B).—RESPIRATORY PROTECTIONFOR BENZENE

Airborne concentration of ben-zene or condition of use Respirator type

Up to 10 times the TWA ........ (1) Half-mask air-purifyingrespirator with organicvapor cartridges.

Up to 50 times the TWA ........ (1) Full facepiece respiratorwith organic vapor car-tridges.

(2) Full facepiece gas maskwith chin style canister.1

Up to 100 times the TWA ...... (1) Full facepiece poweredair purifying respirator withorganic vapor canister.1

Up to 1,000 times the TWA ... (1) Supplied air respiratorwith full facepiece in posi-tive-pressure mode.

More than 1,000 times theTWA or unknown con-centration.

(1) Self-contained breathingapparatus with full face-piece in positive pressuremode.

(2) Full facepiece positive-pressure supplied-air res-pirator with auxiliary self-contained air supply.

Escape ................................... (1) Any organic vapor gasmask.

(2) Any self-containedbreathing apparatus withfull facepiece

TABLE 197.550(B).—RESPIRATORY PROTECTIONFOR BENZENE—Continued

Airborne concentration of ben-zene or condition of use Respirator type

Fire fighting ............................ (1) Full facepiece self-con-tained breathing apparatusin positive pressure mode.

1 Canisters for non-powered air purifying respirators musthave a minimum service life of four hours when tested at 150ppm benzene, at a flow rate of 64 liters/minute at 25°C and85% relative humidity. Canisters for powered air-purifying res-pirators must have a flow rate of 115 liters/minute (for tight fit-ting respirators) or 170 liters/minute (for loose fittingrespirators).

(c) Respirator fit testing. (1) Before theperson is permitted to use a respiratorselected and fitted in compliance withthis section, the person must undergoan Initial Fit Test (IFT) and either aQualitative Fit Test (QLFT) or a Quan-titative Fit Test (QNFT), in compli-ance with Appendix E of this subpart,using the respirator fitted. If a nega-tive pressure respirator is used, theQLFT or QNFT must be repeated atleast once a year thereafter.

(2) The objective of the tests is toidentify for the person a respiratorwhich minimizes the chance of leak-age.

(3) The person conducting the testsrequired by paragraph (c)(1) of this sec-tion must understand the purpose ofthese tests and how to perform them.

(4) The person conducting the testsrequired by paragraph (c)(1) of this sec-tion must certify the results by signingthe test report.

(d) Respirator fitting. (1) Employeeswho are being fitted for respiratorsmust be trained in the methods forproperly fitting a respirator and in-formed of the factors which may affecta proper fit, such as beards, sideburns,dentures, eyeglasses, and goggles, andthat an unobstructed sealing surface iscritical in fitting a respirator. (See ap-pendix E of this subpart).

(2) For employees requiring eyeglasses, corrective lenses should befitted to the respirator faceplate. As atemporary measure, glasses with shorttemple bars may be taped to the wear-er’s head. Contact lenses other thansoft lenses or gas permeable lensesmust not be worn with respirators.

(e) Respirator use. Persons wearing arespirator in a regulated area must bepermitted to leave the regulated area


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to wash their face and respirator face-piece, as necessary, in order to preventskin irritation associated with res-pirator use or, if an air-purifying res-pirator is used, to change the filter ele-ments whenever the person wearing therespirator detects a change in breath-ing resistance or a chemical vaporbreakthrough.

(f) Respirator inspection. Respiratorsmust be inspected in accordance withANSI Z88.2—1980, section 8.

(g) Respirator maintenance. (1) Res-pirators must be maintained in accord-ance with ANSI Z88.2—1980, section 8.

(2) During respirator cleaning, therubber or elastomer parts of the res-pirator must be stretched and manipu-lated with a massaging action to keepthe parts pliable and flexible and tokeep the parts from taking a set duringstorage.

(3) The air purifying element of

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SUBCHAPTER V—MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY ......diver. Cylinder means a pressure vessel for the storage of gases under pressure. VerDate 2298 07:43 Oct 27, 1998 Jkt 179184