Subject: Geography Paper Name: Geomorphology IX 6th

Subject: Geography

Paper Name: Geomorphology

Paper No: IX

Semester: 6th Semester (Core)

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

1. ‘The present is the key to the past’. This statement was made by:

a) A.N Strahler

b) John Playfair

c) Charles Lyell

d) WD Thornbury

2. Who said ‘Landform is the function of structure, process and stage’.

a) W.M Davis

b) L.C King

c) W. Penck

d) A.N Strahler

3. The study of Geomorphology is important

a) To understand geomorphological processes of various environment

b) To detect natural and environmental hazards efficiently

c) To identify various landform features and landscape

d) All of the above

4. Who put forward the Principal of Uniformitarianism

a) Charles Darwin

b) James Hutton

c) Aristotle

d) D.W.johnson

5. Who is the father of Geomorphology?

a) W M Davis

b) Walther Penck

c) W.D.Thornbury

d) Alfred Wegner

6. Applied Geomorphology is not related to:

a) Urban planning

b) Agricultural development

c) Road Construction

d) Demographic Transition Theory

7. The Concept of Base Level Erosion was proposed by:

a) W.M Davis

b) W.D. Thornbury

c) W. Penck

d) J.W.Powell

8. Who stated that ‘the slope profiles are convex, plane or concave according to the

circumstances of the uplifting action?

a) W.Penck

b) D.W.Johnson

c) James Hall

d) Alfred Wegner

9. The statement ‘ The present is the key to the past’ is related to:

a) Catastrophism

b) Uniformitarianism

c) Isostasy

d) Diastrophism

10. Match List I and List II and select the correct answer from the codes below

List-I List-II

(Book Title) (Author)

a). Morphology of the Earth i) A.Holmes

b) Principles of Physical Geology ii) Sparks

c) Geomorphology iii) W.D Thornbury

d) Principles of Geomorphology iv)L.C.King

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)

2. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

3. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)

4. (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)

11. Who propounded ‘Geologic structure is a dominant control factor in the evolution of

landforms and is reflected in them’?

a) James Hutton

b) John Playfair

c) Charles Lyell

d) W.D.Thornbury

12. According to the Principle of Uniformitarianism

a) Geologic processes we observe today never operated in the past

b) Geologic processes we observe today have always operated in the past.

c) All of the planets formed from a uniform solar nebula

d) Early Earth was covered by a uniform magma ocean

13. Continental Drift Theory of Wegner was postulated mainly to explain

a) Ice Age

b) Distribution of Landforms

c) Major Climatic Changes

d) Geological similarities of coastal region

14. Match List I and List II and select the correct answer from the codes below

List-I List-II

(Scholar) (Theory)

a) Hall and Dana i) Sea floor spreading

b) James Hutton ii) Cycle of Erosion

c) Harry Hess iii) Theory of Geosyncline

d) W.M.Davis iv) Doctrine of Uniformitarianism

Codes:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)

2. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

3. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)

4. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

15. Uniformitarianism is proposed in contrast to

a) Diastrophism

b) Catastrophism

c) Unitarianism

d) Determinism

16. Geomorphic processes includes

a) Erosion

b) Transportation

c) Deposition

d) All of the above

17. The landscape produced by a single dominant geomorphic process are called

a) Simple Landscape

b) Compound Landscape

c) Monocyclic Landscape

d) Polycyclic Landscape

18. Sea floor Spreading Theory was propounded by:

a) Harry Hess

b) Tuzo Wilson

c) A. Hobbes

d) D.C.Holmes

19. Processes that shape the earth’s surface

a) Hypogene processes

b) Geomorphic Processes

c) Tetra-tonsorial processes

d) None of the above

20. The ‘Convection Current Hypothesis’ is related to

a) Volcano

b) Earthquake

c) Origin of the Earth

d) Both A and B

21. The Pangea was broken into how many super continent

a) 6

b) 7

c) 4

d) 2

22. Continental Drift refers to:

a) The vertical movement of the continents on a small scale

b) The vertical movement of the continents on a vast scale

c) The horizontal movement of the continents on a small scale

d) The horizontal movement of the continents on a vast scale

23. Mid ocean ridge is formed due to the plate movement which is called

a) Divergent movement

b) Convergent movement

c) Transform fault movement

d) Lateral slipping plate movement

24. In Plate Tectonics the divergent boundaries are characteristics of:

a) Collision zones

b) Sea Floor Spreading

c) Plate slide laterally

d) Upwelling

25. Propounder of the Continental Drift Theory

a) W.M.Davis

b) Alfred Wegner

c) James Hutton

d) W. Penck

26. A fold where the youngest rock layer is in the centre is called

a) Monocline

b) Decline

c) Syncline

d) Anticline

27. The level below which erosion cannot occur and above which deposition does not take place

is called

a) Base level

b) Fault plane

c) Fault line

d) Normal level

28. Propounder of the Concept of Cycle of erosion was

a) W.M.Davis

b) John Playfair

c) Alfred Werner

d) W.D Thornbury

29. Slope replacement model was propounded by

a) L.J Wood

b) W.Penck

c) B.W.Sparks

d) A.N Strahler

30. The theory that states that pieces of Earth’s crust re in constant, slow motion is the theory of

a) Continental eruption

b) Plate boundaries

c) Plate tectonics

d) Lithospheric drift

31. Which of the following term does not indicate similar process?

a) Diastrophism

b) Folding

c) Warping

d) Exfoliation

32. Penck used the term_______________ to represent the characteristics landscape before

upliftment

a) Entwickelung’

b) Endrumpf

c) Primarumpf

d) Boschungen

33. The mantle is the layer of the Earth that lies

a) Over the crust

b) Under the core

c) Between the core and the crust

d) In the core

34. The outer most layer of the Earth is

a) Core

b) Mantle

c) Crust

d) Troposphere

35. The Earth internal structure is made up of

a) Two zones

b) Three zones

c) Four zones

d) Five zones

36. The process of deformation of the Earth’s crust which involve folding and faulting is known

as

a) Catastrophism

b) Uniformitarianism

c) Diastrophism

d) Volcanism

37. The simplest type of fold is called

a) Monocline

b) Syncline

c) Anticline

d) Polycline

38. The concept of Panplain was proposed by

a) C.A.Cotton

b) C.H.Crickmay

c) Alfred wegner

d) Richthofen

39. __________ occurs when tensional forces act in opposite directions and causes one slab of

the rock to be displaced up and the other down

a) Fault line

b) Revere faults

c) Fault plane

d) Normal fault

40. Rift valley is formed due to:

a) Warping

b) Faulting

c) Folding

d) All of the above

41. The waxing slope is also called

a) Lower wash slope

b) Upper wash slope

c) Waning slope

d) Debris slope

42. Fault on the Earth surface is caused by

a) Aeolian action

b) Tidal activity

c) Tension, Compression and Displacement

d) Gravitational force

43. Which of the following force contribute to endogenic geomorphic process

a) Tidal friction

b) Rotational friction

c) Primordial heat from the origin of the Earth

d) Radioactivity

44. Which of the following is the most dense layer of the Earth?

a) Core

b) Mantle

c) Crust

d) Magma

45. Guttenberg discontinuity is found between

a) Crust and mantle

b) Mantle and core

c) Upper mantle and lower mantle

d) Upper core and lower core

46. Which of the following waves are responsible for most of the destructive force of

earthquake?

a) R-wave

b) S-wave

c) L-wave

d) C-wave

47. The direction of horizontal line on an inclined rock strata is known as

a) Anticline

b) Dip

c) Strike

d) Syncline

48. The top of the cone of a volcanic mountain has a depression known as

a) Sill

b) Water

c) Lopolith

d) Crater

49. Conrad discontinuity is found between

a) Upper mantle and lower mantle

b) Outer and inner core

c) Sial and sima

d) Sima and nife

50. Which of the following rocks are known as primary rocks:

a) Igneous Rock

b) Sedimentary Rock

c) Metamorphic rock

d) All of the above

51. According to Wegner, which of the following is one of the forces responsible for

continental drift?

a) Tidal force

b) Convection current

c) Tensional force

d) Compressional force

52. Which of the following is not a type of exogenetic process?

a) Erosion

b) Deposition

c) Diastrophism

d) Weathering

53. Which forces causes the phenomenon like Earthquake and Volcanoes etc?

a) Exogenetic force

b) Endogenetic force

c) Centripetal force

d) Centrifugal force

54. Large scale vertical movement of the Earth’s crust are called

a) Epeirogenic movement

b) Exogenic movement

c) Focus

d) Denudation

55. The study of movement inside earth’s crust is called

a) Geology

b) Geodesy

c) Seismology

d) Plate tectonic

56. The Concept of Geosyncline was given by

a) D.W Jonson

b) J.W.Powell

c) James Hall & Dana

d) James Hutton

57. Normal fault is caused by

a) Compression

b) Tension

c) Expansion

d) Collision

58. What causes Earthquake?

a) Frequent occurrence of cyclones

b) Movements of plates of earth, which floats on the hot volcanic mantle below the Earth’s

surface

c) Underground nuclear explosion

d) Drilling of crude oil

59. Which of the following come out of a volcanic eruption?

a) Solid, liquid, gas

b) Only liquid

c) Gas and solid

d) Liquid and gas

60. Which of the following is formed as a result of tectonic forces/

a) Hanging Valley

b) V-Shaped Valley

c) Rift valley

d) Blind valley

61. An escarpment appears when:

a) A land block moves horizontally

b) A land block moves vertically

c) A land block moves due to water logging

d) A land block moves due to human intervention

62. As per the theory of Plate Tectonics which of the following is a super continent?

a) Eurasia

b) Africa

c) Antartica

d) Australia

63. Which one of the following forces is responsible for syncline formation?

a) Crustal faulting

b) Crustal resting

c) Crustal compression

d) Crustal sinking

64. The erosional topographical features are formed through

a) Exogenic forces

b) Endogenic forces

c) Hypogene


65. What happen at divergent plate boundary?

a) Plates come together

b) Plates move apart

c) Plates grind past one another


66. What happen at convergent plate boundary?

a) Plates come together

b) Plates move apart

c) Plates grind past one another


67. Two plates sliding past each other forms

a) Divergent plate

b) Convergent plate

c) Transform plate

d) Tectonic plate

68. Earth’s Plate are

a) Constantly moving and changing the face of the earth

b) Never moves

c) Moves sudden and very fast

d) Moves when it feels like

69. The stress force that pushes the crust where two plates are moving apart is called

a) Compression

b) Tension

c) Shear


70. Mechanical weathering produce

a) Clay mineral

b) Quartz

c) Smaller particles

d) Calcium carbonate

71. Sol creep and earthflow are processes of

a) Physical weathering’

b) Chemical weathering

c) Mass wasting


72. Which of the following factors would increase the rate of weathering?

a) Increasing rainfall

b) Increasing temperature

c) Increasing organic activity

d) All of the above

73. Mass movements are distinguish by their

a) Speed

b) Force

c) Face

d) Volume

74. In Davisian cycle of erosion,the cycle could be interrupted by uplift during any period of the

life cycle and thus returned to the youthful stage, which is called

a) Mature stage

b) Old stage

c) Rejuvenation

d) Young stage

75. Phenomenon of river capture is associated with

a) Head ward erosion by river

b) Lateral erosion by river

c) Erosion in a head ward direction by glacier

d) Lateral erosion by glacier

76. Pebbles and cobbles in a streambed are smooth and rounded as result of the process of

a) Diffusion

b) Abrasion

c) Carbonation

d) oxidation

77. This form of weathering is also known as rusting

a) Carbonation

b) Pressure release

c) Frost action

d) Oxidation

78. The stress force that pushes the crust where two plates are moving together is called

a) Compression

b) Tension

c) Shear


79. The stress force that pulls late past one another sideways is called

a) Compression

b) Tension

c) Shear


80. Which of the following is not an agent of denudation?

a) Weathering

b) Folding

c) Mass wasting

d) Erosion

81. Earthquake occurs at each type of plate boundary. Which boundary do they most commonly

happen at?

a) Transform boundary

b) Divergent boundary

c) Convergent boundary

d) None of these

82. Orogenic movement are responsible for

a) The formation of continents

b) The formation of fold mountain

c) The formation of fault

d) All of the above

83. The hypothesis of Plate Tectonics assume that the earth is composed of:

a) 30 lithospheric plates

b) 25 lithospheric plates

c) 20 lithospheric plates

d) 15 lithospheric plates

84. The point of origin of an earthquake is called:

a) Quake Centre

b) Epicentre

c) Seismic focus

d) Tectonic point

85. Which crust subduct because it is denser than other crust?

a) Pizza crust

b) Oceanic crust

c) Continental crust

d) New crust

86. The final stage of cycle of erosion is:

a) Peneplain

b) Ocean floor

c) Desert plain

d) Meanders

87. Oxidation is a process of

a) Weathering

b) Transportation

c) Deposition

d) Erosion

88. The drifting away of continent is:

a) Volcanic eruption

b) Tectonic activities

c) Folding and faulting of rocks

d) All of the above

89. The term ‘Pangea’ was coined by

a) Alfred Wegner

b) A.N.Strahler

c) W.M.Smith

d) L.J.Wood

90. The process in which one plate slides beneath another is known as:

a) Advection

b) Subduction

c) Convergence

d) Convection

91. The lithosphere includes

a) Crust and uppermost rigid Mantle

b) Outer core and inner core

c) Atmosphere and mesosphere

d) Outer core and lower mantle

92. The raising or elevating of bottomland surface through the process of aluuvial deposition is

known as

a) Degradation

b) Aggradation

c) Subduction

d) Attrition

93. The lowering of bottomland surface through the process of erosion is

a) Degradation

b) Aggradation

c) Subduction

d) Attrition

94. Denudation work is performed through

a) Weathering

b) Erosion

c) Transportation

d) All of the above

95. Weathering is

a) The alternate heating and cooling of rocks

b) The freezing of water in creeks in rocks

c) The breakup of rocks exposed at the surface


96. In weathering, thin layer from the surface rock continue to be peeled off. This process is

known as:

a) Hydration

b) Oxidation

c) Exfoliation

d) Carbonation.

97. The process by which masses of rock and soil move downhill under the influence of gravity

is called

a) Mud flow

b) Mass wasting

c) Hydraulic action

d) Solifluction

98. The unconsolidated rock material deposited by surface at the base of a cliff is called

a) Alluvium

b) Colluvium

c) Moraines

d) Silt

99. Which of the following Mass movements is the fastest

a) Mud flow

b) Debris avalanche

c) Soil creep

d) Rock fall

100. Which of the following represents a process of chemical weathering?

a) Thermal expansion and contraction

b) Hydration and Hydrolysis

c) Mass exfoliation

d) Frost action and crystal growth

101. Denudation process happens in which order

a) Erosion, Weathering, Transportation, Deposition

b) Weathering, Erosion, Transportation, Deposition

c) Erosion, Transportation, Weathering, Deposition

d) Transportation, Weathering, Erosion, Deposition

102. What is the dominant force that causes mass movement?

a) Tidal forces

b) Seismic energy release

c) Gravity

d) Wind

103. When some forces cause two rock surfaces to come together, causing mechanical

wearing or grinding their surfaces is called:

a) Abrasion

b) Erosion

c) Insolation

d) Isolation

104. Rock benches are associated with

a) Cross profile of a river

b) Long profile of a river

c) Fold mountain

d) Fault mountain

105. In the process of erosion, the removal of material by solution is called

a) Attrition

b) Corration

c) Corrotion

d) Sapping

106. Chemical Weathering is more effective than mechanical weathering in:

a) Semi- arid region

b) Arid region

c) Coastal region

d) Cool temperate region

107. The Two Cycle Theory of the Origin of Limestone Caverns was proposed by

a) W.M.Davis

b) W.Penck

c) James Hutton

d) L.C.King

108. Which one of the following is unrelated to the denudational action of mass

movement?

a) Landslide

b) Mud flow

c) Soil Creep

d) Basal sapping

109. Solution is the agent of

a) Physical Weathering

b) Biotic weathering

c) Chemical weathering

d) Abiotic Weathering

110. Running water is the chief agent of the formation a

a) Sedimentary rock

b) Metamorphic rock

c) Igneous rock


111. All those processes which tend to bring the surface of the lithosphere to a common

level are collectively known as:

a) Degradation

b) Gradation

c) Aggradation

d) Mass Wasting

112. Which process of chemical weathering causes rusting of Iron?

a) Carbonation

b) Oxidation

c) Hydration

d) Dissilication

113. The chief chemical weathering processes are

a) Hydration

b) Hydrolysis and solution

c) Hydrolysis and oxidation

d) Solution

114. Rock fall is the action of

a) Vertical Mass Movement

b) Lateral Mass Movement

c) Diagonal Mass Movement

d) Horizontal Mass Movement

115. The process that results in the breakdown of rocks and mineral in situ is known as:

a) Attrition

b) Erosion

c) Weathering

d) Corrosion

116. Which of the following groups is produced by erosion:

a) Drumlins, Fjiord, Arete

b) Esker, Outwash plain, Morraines

c) Cirque, V-Shape Valley, Lavees

d) Playa, Swallow holes, ox-bow lake

117. The Normal Cycle of erosion is associated with”

a) Marine erosion

b) Glacial erosion

c) Wind erosion

d) River erosion

118. The most ideal condition for chemical weathering are found in:

a) Cold and dry region

b) Cold and humid region

c) Hot and humid region

d) Hot and dry region

119. Dreikenter is a creation of

a) Wave erosion

b) Glacial erosion

c) Wind erosion

d) Wind depositon

120. The removal of curved plates of rock layer by layer due to mechanical weathering is

called

a) Block disintegration

b) Deflation

c) Exfoliation

d) Partitioning

121. The work of river in middle course is mainly

a) Erosion

b) Deposition

c) Transportation

d) Both B&C

122. Which of the following is Not a type of chemical weathering?

a) Hydrolysis

b) Oxidation

c) Carbonation

d) Abrasion

123. What is needed for Hydrolysis to happen?

a) Salt

b) Water

c) Nitrogen

d) Oxidation

124. Tier is

a) A cap shaped structure

b) Weathered blocks of rock in sharp edged shape

c) Weathered blocks of rock in round edge shape

d) None of these

125. Which is not a cause of mechanical weathering?

a) Wind

b) Water

c) Ice

d) Carbonation

126. Which of the following is not a glacio-fluvial depositional feature?

a) Drumlin

b) Esker

c) Kame

d) Horn

127. Inselbergs are formed in

a) Deltas

b) Pediplains

c) Flood plains

d) Desert area

128. A Monadnock is

a) A low area in riverine plain

b) A low area in glacial plain

c) A raised portion in a riverine plain

d) A raised portion in a desert

129. Zeugens and Yardangs are creation of

a) River erosion

b) Wave erosion

c) Glacial erosion

d) Wind erosion

130. Outwash plains are formed by

a) Glacier

b) Wind

c) Rivers


131. Cirques are landforms of

a) First order

b) Second order

c) Third order

d) Fourth order

132. The movement of soil by a raindrop that creates a small crate in the soil is:

a) Inter rill erosion

b) Gully erosion

c) Splash erosion

d) Steambank erosion

133. A peneplain is formed due to

a) Alluvia erosion

b) River erosion and deposition

c) Wind erosion and deposition

d) Glacial erosion

134. Which one of the following is not a fluvial landform?

a) Ox-bow lake

b) Natural levee

c) Gorge

d) Inselberg

135. Horns are made by:

a) Wind erosion

b) River erosion

c) Glacier erosion

d) Glacier deposition

136. Paternoster Lakes are found in

a) Glaciated Regions

b) Karst Region

c) Domal Area

d) Upper Course of a River

137. The work of river in middle course is mainly:

a) Deposition

b) Transportation

c) Erosion

d) Both (a) and (b)

138. ‘U’Shaped valley is formed by

a) Glacier

b) A river in plain

c) A river in mountain area

d) Wind

139. Moraines are

a) Tidal deposits

b) Glacial deposits

c) Wind deposits

d) River deposits

140. The term Panplain refers to:

a) A level surface formed in the old age of fluvial cycle

b) A level surface formed by wind erosion

c) A plain formed by marine action

d) A plain formed by joining floodplains

141. Bad-land topography is the product of the combined action of-

a) Wind and Glacier

b) Water and Glacier

c) Wind and Water

d) Water and Temperature

142. Which one of these glacial features is believed to have formed in the bed of a sub-

glacial stream?

a) Esker

b) Morraine

c) Drumlin

d) Kame

143. V-Shape Valley is formed during the:

a) Mature stage of glacial erosion

b) Old age of fluvial cycle of erosion

c) Youthful stage of fluvial cycle of erosion

d) Old stage of arid cycle

144. River erosion is responsible for the formation of

a) Sink holes

b) Kame

c) Pot Holes

d) Swallow holes

145. A plain largely composed of recent alluvium is known as

a) Pediplain

b) Loess plain

c) Flood plain

d) Abyssal Plain

146. Ox-bow lakes are formed due to

a) Flooding

b) Wave erosion

c) Intense meandering

d) None of these

147. _______________ only occurs in permafrost region

a) Soil creep

b) Liquefaction

c) Landslide

d) Solifluction

148. Glacial erosion is responsible for the formation of

a) Dry valley

b) Saddles

c) Sink holes

d) V-Shaped Valley

149. Which of the following is not a glacio-fluvial depositional landform?

a) Esker

b) Drumlin

c) Kame

d) Horn

150. Drumlins are associated with:

a) Glacial deposition

b) River deposition

c) Glacial erosion

d) River erosion

151. Incised meanders occur in

a) Karst areas

b) Glaciated region

c) Riverine areas

d) Mountain areas

152. Residual Hills left on Peneplain are

a) Monadnocks

b) Mushroom rock

c) Hill residue

d) Inselberg

153. A narrow water way that separates two pieces of land is called

a) Gulf

b) Bay

c) Strait

d) Isthmus

154. Eskers occur in

a) River valley

b) Tunnel under the glacier

c) Tunnel in karst region

d) Desert

155. The oceanic plates form the

a) Countries

b) Continents

c) Islands

d) Sea bed

156. What kind of landforms are found in region of the earth where erosion and

deposition by wind are the dominant geomorphic forces

a) Aeolian

b) Fluvial

c) Glacial

d) Periglacial

157. Which of the following are types of coastal erosion?

a) Abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action and solution

b) Abrasion, weathering, hydraulic action and solution

c) Abrasion, longshore drift, attrition and solution

d) Abration, weathering, longshore drift and attrition

158. Longshore drift is a process of

a) Erosion

b) Deposition

c) Transportation

d) None of these

159. A laggon is formed by

a) Wind deposition

b) Wind erosion

c) Wave erosion

d) Wave deposition

160. Flat topped sea mounts are known as:

a) Banks

b) Reefs

c) Shoals

d) Guyots

161. Migration pattern of wind borne materials depend on:

a) Size of the particle they carry

b) Velocity of winds

c) Nature of surfaces over which particles are transported

d) All of the above

162. Which of the following processes is responsible for weathering of rocks in Karst

Region?

a) Scree formation

b) Carbonation

c) Oxidation

d) Hydrolysis

163. Islands are formed by

a) Glaciations

b) Wave action

c) Volcanic activity

d) River action

164. Pediplains and Inselbergs are features of the old stage of:

a) Glacial cycle of erosion

b) Karst cycle of erosion

c) Arid cycle of erosion

d) Marine cycle of erosion

165. A ramp of sand deposited by streams along foothills in the arid land is called

a) Hamada

b) Bajada

c) Desert wash

d) Pediment

166. Ria is an example of:

a) Deposited land features

b) Submerged upland shoreline

c) Emerged upland shoreline

d) Eroded landform

167. Which of the following process is responsible for the weathering of rocks in karst

region?

a) Hydrolysis

b) Oxidation

c) Scree formation

d) Carbonation

168. Exfoliation is common in

a) Mountains

b) Coastal area

c) Desert

d) Plain region

169. Residual Hill in the desert region is known as:

a) Inlier

b) Inselberg

c) Playa

d) Pediment

170. The hanging masses of limestone in a cavern from the roof are called

a) Stalactite

b) Stalacmite

c) Grip stones

d) Column

171. Permafrost covers about ______ percent of the Earth’s landsurface

a) Less than 5%

b) 5%-10%

c) 15%-20%

d) 20-25%

172. Underground water’s action is responsible for the formation of

a) Giant Stairways

b) U-Shaped Valley

c) Cementation

d) Avalanche

173. A dome shaped mound consisting of layer of sol over a large core of ice in

permafrost areas is known as

a) Pingo

b) Cirque

c) Solifluction lobes

d) Drumlins

174. Demoiselles are creation of

a) Wave action

b) Glacial deposition

c) Wind erosion

d) River erosion

175. Arches are an advanced form of

a) Horns

b) Caves

c) Esker

d) Cois

176. Pediplanation is a process associated with

a) Wave action

b) Glaciation

c) Wind action

d) Volcanic action

177. Large dune fields or Seas of Sands are called

a) Regs

b) Yardang

c) Erg

d) Barchan

178. An underground layer of rock or sediment that hold water is known as

a) Reservoir

b) Aquifer

c) Groundwater

d) Watershed

179. When a stalactite and stalagmite grow to meet each other is called

a) Column

b) Aquifer

c) Spring

d) Geyser

180. The hanging masses of limestone in a cavern from the roof are called

a) Stalagmite

b) Stalactite

c) Grip stone

d) Column

181. A type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation

of material deposited on the floor from ceiling dripping is known as

a) Hot spring

b) Geyser

c) Stalactite

d) Stalagmite

182. A peninsula is

a) A narrow piece of land

b) A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides

c) A piece of land elongated and surrounded by water

d) A triangular piece of land

183. Crust is_____on the ocean floor

a) Thicker

b) Thinner

c) Heavier

d) Warmer

184. Demoiselles are a creation of

a) Wave action

b) Glacial deposition

c) Wind erosion

d) Wind deposition

185. Which of the following is marine agent of erosion

a) Waves

b) Beach material

c) Solvent action

d) Hydraulic action

186. The rate of marine erosion depends on

a) Nature of rocks

b) Amount of rock exposed to sea

c) Effects of tide and current

d) All of the above

187. Sink holes and dolines are a formation of

a) Glacial erosion

b) Wind erosion

c) Riverine erosion

d) Erosion in Karst region

188. The oceanic crust consists mainly of

a) Granitic rock

b) Basaltic rock

c) Sandstone

d) Gabbroic rock

189. Which of the following is not a wind deposit?

a) Sand dune

b) Loess

c) Pediment

d) All of the above

190. Wind is an important agent of erosion in

a) Fluvial environment

b) Mountain environment

c) Arid environment

d) Glacial environment

191. Karst topography makes up what percentage of the Earth’s surface?

a) 25

b) 10

c) 15

d) 75

192. Geologic processes poweredsby the wind are called______ processes.

a) Barchan

b) Coriolis

c) Yardang

d) Aeolian

193. The process by which the ground surface is lowered by wind erosion is called

a) Deflation

b) Inflation

c) Ablation

d) None of these

194. The transformation of semi arid regions into desert is called

a) Deflation

b) Deforestation

c) Desertification

d) Detoxification

195. Which of the following is not related to wind erosion?

a) Ventifacts

b) Deflation

c) Loess

d) Blowout

196. The steeper downside of a sand dune is called a

a) Sand drift

b) Ventifact

c) Streamline

d) Slip Face

197. _________ has the ability to transport up slope as well as down slope.

a) River

b) Glacier

c) Wind

d) None of these

198. _____________ landforms develop at the interface of land and sea

a) Coastal

b) Aeolian

c) Fluvial

d) Karst

199. A feature resulting from the action of intense frost, often combined with the

presence of permafrost is

a) Periglacial landform

b) Fluvial landform

c) Aeolian landform

d) Karst landform

200. A condition where a layer of soil, sediment or rock below the ground surface remais

frozen for a period greater than a year is known as

a) Periglaciation

b) Permafrost

c) Glaciations

d) Glacier

Answer key:

1. (c) Charles Lyell

2. (a) W.M Davis

3. (d) all of the above

4. (b) James Hutton

5. (a) W.M Davis

6. (d) Demographic transition theory

7. (d) J.W.Powell

8. (a) W.Penck

9. (b) Uniformitariansm

10. (2) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

11. (d) W.D.Thornbury

12. (b) Geologic process we observe today have always operated in the past

13. (c) Major Climatic Changes

14. (4) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

15. (b) Catastrophism

16. (d) All of the above

17. (a) Simple Landscape

18. (a) Harry Hess

19. (b)Geomorphic Processes

20. (c) Origin of the Earth

21. (d) 2

22. (d) The horizontal movement of the continents on a vast scale

23. (a) Divergent movement

24. (c) Plate slide laterally

25. (b) Alfred Wegner

26. (c) Syncline

27. (a) Base level

28. (a) W.M.Davis

29. (b) W.Penck

30. (c) Plate tectonics

31. (d) Exfoliation

32. (c) Primarumpf

33. (c) Between the core and the crust

34. (c) Crust

35. (b) Three zones

36. (c) Diastrophism

37. (a) Monocline

38. (b) C.H.Crickmay

39. (d) Normal fault

40. (b) Faulting

41. (b) Upper wash slope

42. (c) Tension, Compression and Displacement

43. (c) Primordial heat from the origin of the Earth

44. (a) Core

45. (b)Mantle and core

46. (c) L-wave

47. (c) Strike

48. (d) Crater

49. (c) Sial and sima

50. (a) Igneous Rock

51. (a) Tidal force

52. (c) Diastrophism

53. (b) Endogenetic force

54. (a) Epeirogenic movement

55. (c) Seismology

56. (c) James Hall & Dana

57. (b) Tension

58. (b) Movements of plates of earth, which floats on the hot volcanic mantle below the Earth’s

surface

59. (a) Solid, liquid, gas

60. (c) Rift valley

61. (b) A land block moves vertically

62. (a) Eurasia

63. (c) Crustal compression

64. (a) Exogenic forces

65. (b) Plates move apart

66. (a) Plates come together

67. (c) Transform plate

68. (a) Constantly moving and changing the face of the earth

69. (a) Constantly moving and changing the face of the earth

70. (c) Smaller particles

71. (c) Mass wasting


73. (a) Speed

74. (c) Rejuvenation

75. (a) Head ward erosion by river

76. (b) Abrasion

77. (d) Oxidation

78. (a) Compression

79. (c) Shear

80. (b) Folding

81. (c) Convergent boundary

82. (b) The formation of fold mountain

83. (c) 20 lithospheric plates

84. (b) Epicentre

85. (b) Oceanic crust

86. (a) Peneplain

87. (d) Erosion

88. (b) Tectonic activities

89. (a) Alfred Wegner

90. (b) Subduction

91. (a) Crust and uppermost rigid Mantle

92. (b) Aggradation

93. (a) Degradation


95. (c) The breakup of rocks exposed at the surface

96. (c) Exfoliation

97. (b) Mass wasting

98. (b) Colluvium

99. (d) Rock fall

100. (b) Hydration and Hydrolysis

101. (b) Weathering, Erosion, Transportation, Deposition

102. (c) Weathering, Erosion, Transportation, Deposition

103. (a) Abrasion

104. (b) Long profile of a river

105. (c) Corrotion

106. (d) Cool temperate region

107. (a) W.M.Davis

108. (d) Basal sapping

109. (c) Chemical weathering

110. (a) Sedimentary rock

111. (b) Gradation

112. (b) Oxidation

113. (c) Hydrolysis and oxidation

114. (a) Vertical Mass Movement

115. (c) Weathering

116. (d) Playa, Swallow holes, ox-bow lake

117. (c) River erosion

118. (c) Hot and humid region

119. (c) Wind erosion

120. (c) Exfoliation

121. (a) Erosion

122. (d) Abrasion

123. (b) Water

124. (c) Weathered blocks of rock in round edge shape

125. (d) Carbonation

126. (d) Horn

127. (b) Pediplains

128. (c) A raised portion in a riverine plain

129. (d) Wind erosion

130. (a) Glacier

131. (b) Second order

132. (c) Splash erosion

133. (b) River erosion and deposition

134. (d) Inselberg

135. (c) Glacier erosion

136. (b) Glaciated Regions

137. (c) Erosion

138. (a) Erosion

139. (b) Glacial deposits

140. (d) A plain formed by joining floodplains

141. (c) Wind and Water

142. (a) Esker

143. (c) Youthful stage of fluvial cycle of erosion

144. (c) Pot Holes

145. (c) Flood plain

146. (c) Intense meandering

147. (d) Solifluction

148. (b) Saddles

149. (b) Drumlin

150. (a) Glacial deposition

151. (c) Riverine areas

152. (a) Monadnocks

153. (c) Strait

154. (b) Tunnel under the glacier

155. (d) Sea bed

156. (a) Aeolian

157. (a) Abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action and solution

158. (c) Transportation

159. (c) Wave erosion

160. (d) Guyots


162. (b) Carbonation

163. (c) Wave action

164. (c) Arid cycle of erosion

165. (b) Bajada

166. (b) Submerged upland shoreline

167. (d) Carbonation

168. (c) Desert

169. (b) Inselberg

170. (a) Stalactite

171. (d) 20-25%

172. (c) Cementation

173. (a) Pingo


175. (b) Caves

176. (a) Wave action

177. (c) Erg

178. (b) Aquifer

179. (a) Column

180. (b) Stalactite

181. (d) Stalactite

182. (b) A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides

183. (b) Thinner


185. (c) Solvent action


187. (d) Erosion in Karst region

188. (b) Basaltic rock

189. (c) Pediment

190. (c) Arid environment

191. (b) 10

192. (d) Aeolian

193. (a) Deflation

194. (c) Desertification

195. (c) Loess

196. (d) Slip Face

197. (c) Wind

198. (a) Coastal

199. (a) Periglacial landform

200. (b) Permafrost

B. Fill in the blanks:

1. _____________is the densest layer of Earth’s interior.

2. The______________ is the outermost solid part of the Earth

3. ___________________ involves lifting and blowing away of loose materials from ground.

4. The Base Level Concept was postulated by _________________

5. Earthquake most commonly happen at ___________boundary

6. A level surface highly covered with thin layer of alluvium is known as _______________

7. The premise that present day processes have been operating throughout geological time is

the principle of____________________

8. The magnitude of an Earthquake is measured by____________ scale

9. Normal Cycle of erosion is associated with _______________ erosion

10. ____________ occurs in tunnel under the glaciers.

11. Oxidation is also known as ________

12. V-shaped valley is a characteristics feature of ______________ stage of fluvial cycle of

erosion.

13. Phenomenon of river capture is associated with head ward erosion by ____________

14. .Stone lattice is formed due to equal erosion by _____________

15. A stretch of land surrounded by water on all side is known as an _________________

16. Wind is an important agent of erosion in ____________ environment.

17. A ____________ is a fracture or zone of fracture between two blocks of rock.

18. _____________forces are also known as constructive forces.

19. Sink holes are characteristics of _____________ Karst topography.

20. _________ is the most important agent of chemical weathering.

21. A ____________ is an icicle shaped formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave.

22. ___________ is the process of decomposition of rocks resulting from the loosening of rock

particles.

23. _______________ is the ultimate driving force of mass wasting.

24. _________________ compression forces the rocks and crust to collide and move together

25. ______________ is the theory that states that pieces of Earth’s crust are in constant, slow

motion

26. Most earthquake and volcanoes occur at _____________________ boundaries.

27. The forces coming from within the Earth and causing horizontal and vertical movements are

known as ______________ forces.

28. _____________ forces refers to external processes and phenomena that occur on or above

the Earth’s surface

29. ___________ Movements are mountain building movements.

30. ________________ landform is a feature resulting from the action of intense frost, often

combined with the presence of permafrost.

31. _____________ movements are continent building movements

32. The _________________ are all those physical and chemical changes which effect a

modification of the Earth’s form

33. ____________________ is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape

them

34. ______ is also known as sand sea

35. ________________ structure is a dominant control factor in the evolution of landforms and

is reflected in them.

36. In Penck’s cycle of erosion, ________________ is the final stage of erosion.

37. _______________ is the ground that remains physically frozen.

38. “ Complexity is more than ______________ in geomorphic evolution’

39. Uniformitarianism was proposed in contrast to _________________

40. The word Geomorphology comes from ________ word

41. W.M/Davis based his cycle of erosion on Darwinian theory of _______________

42. Geographic cycle of erosion implies that ______________ is the critical factor in

determining what the landscape look like.

43. _______________ is formed when a stalactite and stalagmite meet each other.

44. Sea level is the ultimate _____________ level

45. ___________ is an agent of geomorphic processes in coastal environment

46. ______________ is an agent of geomorphic processes in polar environment

47. The process by which the rocks of the earth’s crust are eroded by wind, river, glacier etc and

transported elsewhere is known as _____________

48. _______________ s the lowering of bottomland surface through the process of erosion

49. An ___________ earthquake is a vibration of the earth surface caused by sudden release of

enormous pressure

50. ‘Landscape is a function of structure, process and _________’

51. Pangea broke into two super continents- Laurasia and __________

52. The earth internal structure consist of crust, mantle and _____________

53. The layer below crust of the earth is ___________

54. _________________is an underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water

55. Plates move apart at _________ boundary

56. ________is necessary for hydrolysis to happen

57. ___________ are associated with rivers and streams

58. Plates move ____________at convergent boundary

59. _____________ weathering is the weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock by

plants, animals and microbes.

60. Mud flow is an example of __________________

61. ________________ weathering is prevalent in hot and humid areas

62. Earth’s _________ are constantly moving and changing the face of the earth.

63. ______________topography is characterise by underground drainage systems with

sinkholes and caves

64. Glacial landforms are created by the action of ______________

65. Geomorphic process can be divided into three phase- erosion, transportation and

________________

66. A condition where a layer of soil, sediment or rock below the ground surface remains frozen

for a period greater than a year is known as ________________

67. Four main types of river erosion are abrasion, attrition, solution and ____________ action

68. Residual hills left on peneplain are _______________

69. The main endogenic processes are ___________ and faulting

70. Faulting forms two major landforms - block mountain and __________ valley

71. The line of fault which appears on land surface is known as _____________

72. The sideway erosion which widens the river valleys are called __________ corrosion

73. The final stage of the erosional process in which materials are dropped in another location is

______________

74. Glacier moves material over a _____________ distance

75. The repeated freezing and thawing of water in the cracks of rock is called ____________

wedging

76. Weathering must takes place _____________ erosion

77. Physical disintegration of rocks into smaller fragments, each with the same property as

original is called ________________ weathering

78. “ The __________ is the key to the past’

79. ____________ is a plain formed by joining of flood plains

80. The end product of normal cycle of erosion is ______________

81. ‘The slope profiles are ______, plane or concave according to the circumstances of the

uplifting action’.

82. _________- landscape is produces by a single dominant geomorphic process.

83. The point of origin of an earthquake is known as ___________

84. The _________________ crust mainly consists of basaltic rocks.

85. ___________________ is the process by which the ground surface is lowered by wind

erosion

86. Slip face is the steeper downside of a ________

87. The stress force that pushes the earth crust where two plates are moving together is called

_____________

88. Oceanic crust is about __ km thick.

89. Oxidation is a process of ________

90. Wind has the ability to transport sediment up-slope as well as ___________________

91. _______________ includes crust and uppermost rigid mantle.

92. A __________ is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides

93. The erosional topographical features are formed through _________________ processes

94. Pediplains and inselberg are features of the old stage of of cycle of erosion in ____ region

95. _____________ refers to the horizontal movement of the continents on a vast scale

96. Islands are formed by ____________action

97. A type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of

material deposited on the floor from ceiling dripping is known as _____________

98. _____________ is the main agent of erosion in fluvial environment

99. Geologic processes powered by the wind are called______ processes

100. Exfoliation is common in _______ area.

Answer Key:

1. Inner core

2. Crust

3. Deflation

4. J.W.Powell

5. Convergent

6. Pediplain

7. Uniformitarianism

8. Ritcher

9. Fluvial

10. Eskers

11. Rusting

12. Youthful

13. Rivers

14. Wind

15. Island

16. Arid

17. Fault

18. Diastrophic

19. Karst

20. Water

21. Stalactite

22. Weathering

23. Gravity

24. Compression

25. Plate Tectonics

26. Plate

27. Endogenic

28. Exogenic

29. Orogenic

30. Periglacial

31. Epeirogenic

32. Geomorphic processes

33. Geomorphology

34. Erg

35. Geologic

36. Endrumpf

37. Permafrost

38. Simplicity

39. Catastrophism

40. Greek

41. Evolution

42. Time

43. Column

44. Base

45. Wind

46. Glacier/Ice

47. Erosion

48. Degradation

49. Earthquake

50. Stage

51. Gondwana land

52. Core

53. Mantle

54. Aquifer

55. Divergent

56. Water

57. Fluvial

58. together

59. Biological

60. Mass wasting

61. Chemical

62. Plates

63. Karst

64. Glacier

65. Deposition

66. Permafrost

67. Hydraulic

68. Monadnocks

69. Folding

70. Rift

71. Fault line

72. Side

73. Deposition

74. Short

75. Frost

76. Before

77. Mechanical/ Physical weathering

78. Present

79. Panplain

80. Penelain

81. Convex

82. Simple

83. Epicentre

84. Oceanic

85. Deflation

86. Sand dune

87. Compression

88. 6 km

89. Erosion

90. Downslope

91. Lithosphere

92. Peninsula

93. Exogenic

94. Arid

95. Continental drift

96. Wave

97. Stalagmite

98. Water

99. Aeolian

100. Desert

Documents

Subject: Geography Paper Name: Geomorphology IX 6th