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Subjects for LLM in Criminal Law:
1. Research Methodology
2. Comparative Criminal Law
3. Human Rights and Criminal Justice
4. Cyber Crimes and Forensic Science
5. Criminology, Penology, Victimology
6. Women and Law
7. Juvenile Justice and white collar crimes
8. Dissertation.
Subjects for LLM in Corporate Law
1. Research Methodology
2. Cross border Mergers and Acquisitions
3. Corporate Law
4. Competition Law
5. Laws of Infrastructure Development
6. Investment Law
7. Intellectual property Laws.
8. Dissertation
Subjects for LLM in Constitutional Law
1. Research Methodology
2. Constitutional Law in India
3. Human Rights under Indian Constitution
4. Comparative Constitutional Law and Judicial Process
5. Administration of Criminal Justice
6. Constitutionalism: Pluralism and Federalism
7. National Security, Public Order and Rule of Law
8. Dissertation.
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SUBJECT: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODS & LEGAL WRITING
The main objective of this course is to acquaint the student of law with the scientific method of social
science research. This course is expected to provide the knowledge of the technique of selection,
collection and interpretation of primary and secondary data in socio legal research.
Emphasis would be laid on practical training in conducting research in this course. By the end of the
course the students are expected to develop a scientific approach to socio legal problems. They should be
able to design and execute small scale research problems. The practical skill in conducting research will
be evaluated on their performance in field research and workshops/seminars.
1. INTRODUCTION 2. a) The science of research and scientific methodology
3. b) Interrelation between speculation, fact and theory, building some fallacies of scientific
methodology with reference to socio legal research
4. c) Inter-disciplinary research and legal research models
5. d) Arm chair research vis-a-vis empirical research
6. e) Legal research-common law and civil law legal systems
7. RESEARCH DESIGN 8. a) Workable Hypothesis-formulation and evaluation
9. b) Major steps in research design
III. RESEARCH TECHNIQUES
1. a) Sampling
2. b) Survey and Case Study method
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3. c) Scaling and Content Analysis
1. RESEARCH TOOLS AND DATA PROCESSING 2. a) Observation
3. b) Interview and schedule
4. c) Questionnaire
5. d) Socio-metrics and jurimetrics
6. e) Data processing (deductions and Inductions) analysis and interpretation of data
7. f) Online Legal Research – Use of Electronic Databases
1. LEGAL WRITING 2. a) Report/Article writing & legal research
3. b) Use of definitions, maxims, concepts, principles, doctrines in legal research
4. c) Plagiarism & its consequences.
5. d) Citation methodology
6. e) Book review and case comments
Suggested Reading Materials for Reference
1. Robert Watt- Concise book on Legal Research
2. Good and Hatt- Research Methodology
3. Pauline Young- Research Methodology
4. Earl Babbie- Research Methodology
5. Stott D.-Legal Research
6. Robert Watt and Francis Johns- Concise Legal Research
7. S.K. Verma&Afzal Wani- Legal Research Methodology
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SUBJECT: COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL LAW
LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE
The objectives of this course are:
1. To understand the conditions under which individuals should be held morally and legally responsible for their (criminal) actions; 2. To understand whether or not there are any "fundamental principles" which underlie all criminal justice systems; 3. To understand the issues concerning the merits or otherwise of codification in both the common law and the civil law, the basic characteristics of criminal procedure under the inquisitorial and the adversarial systems, be aware of the relationship between substantive criminal law and criminal procedure in relation to issues such as the principles of territoriality, equality before the law including the right to a fair trial, and the right to legal representation in the civil and common law systems; 4. In-depth knowledge of the theoretical and practical international instruments for the prevention and punishment of international and transnational crimes as well as of acts of terrorism. This includes a real time analysis of the activities of the international criminal jurisdictions: international criminal tribunals, International Criminal Court and special courts; 5. Understanding the difference and similarities between various systems administering Criminal Justice. 6. To understand specific competencies in the field of International Criminal Law;
TEACHING METHODOLOGY As per the norms of the university there will be 4 theory classes per week. Teaching Methodology will include Lecture-cum-
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case discussion, CRE, Assignments / Projects, and Presentations.
THE EVALUATION SYSTEM
• Continuous Assessment. 30 %
• Projects 20%
• End Term 50 %
COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE 1: - LEGAL CULTURES AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICE
• Common Law
• Civil Law
• Socialist Law ,
• Islamic Law
Recommended Readings:
1. Francis Pakes, Comparative Criminal Justice, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2003 2. M.A. Dupont-Morales, Michael K Hooper & Judi Schmidt (eds), Handbook of Criminal Justice
administration, Marcel Dekker Publishers, New York, 2001 3. Tim Newburn and Richard Sparks (eds), Criminal Justice and Political Cultures, Willan Pub.,
Cullompton, 2004 4. Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, Penguin Pub., London,2006 5. Alison Liebling and Shad Maruna (eds), The Effects of Imprisonment, Willan Pub., Cullompton,2006
Articles:
1. David F. Forte, Comparative Criminal Law and Enforcement: Islam, Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, New York, 2002 pp. 192-199 2. US Department of Justice, World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington DC, 1993
MODULE 2 ASPECTS OF COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL POLICY
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Systems of Administration of Criminal Justice (Adversarial & Inquisitorial)
Policing and Prosecution
Trials and Sentencing
Use of Imprisonment
Probation and Community Punishment
Recommended Readings:
1. Charles B. Fields and Richter H. Moore, Comparative and International Criminal Justice: Traditional and Nontraditional Systems of Law and Control, 2nd Edition, Waveland Press Inc., Long Grove Illinois, 2005
2. Francis Pakes, Comparative Criminal Justice, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2003
3. M.A. Dupont-Morales, Michael K Hooper & Judi Schmidt (eds), Handbook of Criminal Justice Administration, Marcel Dekker Publishers, New York, 2001 4. Tim Newburn and Richard Sparks (eds), Criminal Justice and Political Cultures, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2004 5. Peter J. Koppen and Steven D. Penrod (eds), Adversarial versus Inquisitorial Justice: Psychological Perspectives on Criminal Justice Systems, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003
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Articles:
1. M. Anderson, policing the World: Interpol and the Politics of International Police Co-Operation, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989 2. J. Vagg, Context and Linkage: Reflections on Comparative Research and 'Internationalism' in Criminology, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 33, 1993, pp. 541-554
MODULE - 3 - GLOBAL CRIMES
• Controlling Transnational Crime
• War Crimes
• Terrorism
• International Law and Crime
Recommended Readings: 1. Harry R. Dammer and Erika Fairchild, Comparative Criminal Justice Systems, 3rd Edition, Wadsworth/Thomas Learning, Belmont California, 2006 2. Francis Pakes, Comparative Criminal Justice, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2003
Articles:
1. M. Vadanis, The Terrorism Exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: Forward Leaning Legislation or Just Bad Law, 5 UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affair, 2000, pp. 199-201 2. E.S. Kopelman, Ideology and International Law: The Dissent of the Indian Justice at the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, 23 NYUJ, Journal of International Law and Policy, 1991 p. 37
MODULE - 4 - COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL LAW
• Penal Code of United Kingdom (England & Wales)
• Penal Code of United States
• Criminal Procedure of United Kingdom (England & Wales)
• Criminal Procedure of United States
Recommended Readings::
1. George F. Cole, Stanislaw J. Frankowski and Marc G. Gertz (eds.), Major Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey, 2nd Edition, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, California, 1987 2. Delmas Marty, Mireille and J.R. Spencer, European Criminal Procedures, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2002 3. John Hatchard, Barabara Huber and Richard Vogler (eds.), Comparative Criminal Procedure, BIICL, London, 1996
Articles:
1. Malcom Davies, Comparative Criminal Law and Enforcement: England and Wales, Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, New York, 2002 pp. 182-192 2. Nancy Loucks, Contrasting Prisoners Rights: A Comparative Examination of England and Germany, Br. J. Criminal, 45: 999-1001, 2004 p. 289 3. Trevor Jones and Tim Newburn, Comparative Criminal Justice Policy - Making in the US and UK, Br. J. Criminal, 45:55-80,2005
MODULE - 5 - INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
• Sources of International Criminal Law
• Principles of International Criminal Law
• International Criminal Court
• International Tribunals
Recommended Readings: 1. Ilias Bantekas & Susan Nath, International Criminal Law, 2nd Edition, Cavendish Publication London, 2003 2. Keith Bryett and Osborne, Criminal Prosecution, Procedure and Practice: International
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Perspectives, Stationery Office, Belfast, 2000
Articles:
1. Louise Mallinder, Transforming International Criminal Justice: Retributive and Restorative Justice in the Trial Process, Br. J. Criminal, 46:155-157, 2005, p. 448 2. Declan Roche, Truth Commission Amensties and the International Criminal Court, British Journal of Criminology, 45:565-581, 2005
Case Laws:
1. Prosecutor v. Blaskic, Decision of Trial Chamber I, ICC, (1997) 110 ILR 607
2. Prosecutor v. Karadzic and Mladic, (1996), 108 ILR 86
MODULE - 6 - INTERSTATE CO-OPERATION ON CRIMINAL MATTERS
• Extradition
• Mutual Legal Assistance
• Police Cooperation
• Assets Recovery
Recommended Readings: 1. Ilias Bantekas & Susan Nath, International Criminal Law, 2nd Edition, Cavendish Publishish, London, 2003 2. M. Anderson, Policing the World: Interpol and the Politics of International Police Cooperation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989 3. Keith Bryett and Peter Osborne, Criminal Prosecution, Procedure and Practice: International Perspectives, Stationery Office, Belfast, 2000
Articles:
1. Stefano Betti, New Prospects for Inter-State Cooperation in Criminal Matters: The Palermo Convention, International Criminal Law Review, Vol. 3 No.2, 2003 pp. 151-167 2. A Bossard, Interpol and Law Enforcement: Response to Transnational Crime, 11 Police Studies, (1998), 177
PROJECT TOPICS:
1. Control of transnational crime. 2. Terrorism in India. 3. Terrorist organizations of Asia. 4. Rigorous imprisonment in different jurisdictions. 5. Simple imprisonment in different jurisdictions. 6. Relevance of Islamic law in modern society. 7. Implementation of law in civil law countries. 8. Implementation of law in common law countries. 9. Advantages of retaining capital punishment. 10. Disadvantages of retaining capital punishment.
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SUBJECT: CRIMINOLOGY, PENOLOGY & VICTIMOLOGY
LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW
INTRODUCTION
Crime and the threat of victimization are inescapable realities of contemporary society. Crime is so
commonplace that prevention and security measures are viewed as natural and necessary precautions in
both public and private life. A considerable and growing percentage of public resources are allocated for
juvenile delinquency prevention initiatives, law enforcement training and technology, corrections,
substance abuse treatment and numerous other aspects of criminal justice.
OBJECTIVES
This course of Crime and Punishment would (a) attempt to answer such queries of the human mind
and afford explanations to criminal behaviour and reactions to crime.
(b) It is an ongoing study with numerous researches and surveys been conducted all over the world
to find the most suitable explanation of criminality and criminal behaviour, nevertheless, there is no final
answer, which will be examined.
(c ) Concern for the Victims of crime would be another facet of the study of the subject with
emphasis on concepts of restorative justice, compensatory jurisprudence and rehabilitative techniques.
THE EVALUATION SYSTEM
• Continuous Assessment 30%
• Project 20%
• End Term Test 50%
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COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION: CRIMES AND CRIMINOLOGY
Notions of Crime
Who is the Criminal
Criminology-Nature and Scope, whether criminology is a science?
Current Trends in Criminology
Recommended Readings:
1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7th Edition, Wadsworth Pub.. Australia 1999, pp. 4, 23
2. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 3ld Edition, Universal Law Pub., New Delhi 1997,
pp. 6 - 43
3. Clive Coleman & Clive Norris, Introducing Criminology, lsl Edition, Willian Pub., USA 2000, pp
6-15
4. John Salmond, Jurisprudence: Responsibility and Criminal Liability, llth Edition, Sweet and
Maxwell Publication. London, 1989
Articles :
1. Greg Mantle, Darrell Fox and Mandeep K. Dhami, Restorative Justice and Three
Individual Theories of Crime,
http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Mantle visited on 21st September, 2007
2. Barbara Perry, Where do we go from here: Researching Hate Crime,
http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Where, visited on 21st September, 2007
3. G. Bensinger, Hate Crime - A New/Old Problem, Vol. 16 International Journal of Comparative
and Applied Criminal Justice, (1992) p. 115
Case Laws:
• State ofMadhya Pradesh v. Chotelal, AIR 1959 MP 203
• Jai Lai v.Delhi Administration, AIR 1969 SC 15
• R. v. Clarke, (1972) 1 All. E. R. 21
MODULE 2: INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO
CRIME
PART 1 – BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM
Classical Theories of Criminology
Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham
Neo Classical Perspectives
Rossi, Garraud, Joly
Biological Trait Theory
Cesare Lombroso, Rafaele Garafelo, Enrico Ferri
Recommended Readings:
7th
11
1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7 ' Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 146-155
2. Roger Hopkins Burke, An Introduction to Criminological Theory, 1st Edition, Lawman India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi 2001, Chapter 5 pp. 54 - 76
3. Clive Coleman & Clive Norris, Introducing Criminology, 1st Edition, Willian Pub., USA 2000, pp
26-54
Articles:
1. M. S. Hoghughi and A. R. Forrest, Eysenck's Theory of Criminality: An Examination with
Approved School Boys, Vol. 10 British Journal of Criminology (1970), p. 240
2. R. O. Pihl, Hair Element Levels of Violent Criminals, Vol. 27 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
(1982), p. 533
Case Laws:
• Bachchan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898
• Bachan Singh, Sher Singh & Anr., and Ujagar Singh & Anr. V. State of Punjab & Ors.,
AIR 1982 SC 1325
PART 2 - PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES.
Psychoanalytic Explanation of Crime
Freud
Behavioural Approach to Criminality
Pavlov, Skinner, Eyesench
Cognitive Approach
Tolman, Piaget, Kohlberg
Intelligence and Crime
Goddard, Hirshi, Hindclang
Mental Disorder and Crime
Neuroses, Psychosis
Recommended Readings:
1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7th Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 162-176
2. Roger Hopkins Burke, An Introduction to Criminological Theory, Is Edition, Lawman India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi 2001, Chapter 6, pp. 77 - 95
3. Clive Coleman & Clive Norris, Introducing Criminology, Vx Edition, Willian Pub., USA 2000, pp
26 -54
4. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 3K Edition, Universal Law
Pub., New Delhi 1997, Chapter 10 pp. 272-304
Articles:
1. Alan Little, Professor Eysenck's Theory of Crime: An Empirical Test on Adolescent Offenders,
Vol. 4 British Journal of Criminology (1964), p. 152
2. G Macdonald, B. Sheldon, and J. Gillespie, Contemporary Studies of Effectiveness of
Social Work, Vol. 22 British Journal of Social Work (1992), p. 615.
Case Laws:
• Deena alias Deen Dayal & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors., AIR 1983 SC 1155
• P. Rathinam/ Nagbhusan Patnaik v. Union of India & Anr., AIR1994SC1844
12
MODULE 3: SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACHES TO CRIME
Anomie Theory, Durkeim, Merton
Differential Association Theory Sutherland
Social Disorganization Theory, Shaw & Mackay
Labelling Theory, Cooley, Mead, Blumer, Becker
Biosocial Theory
Control Theory
Individual Control
Control Balance
Community Based Control
Evaluation of Control Theories
Conflict Theory
Karl Marx, Bonger, Ralf, Dahrendorf, Void, Quinney
Environmental Criminology
Recommended Readings:
1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 1{ Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 220-262
2. Roger Hopkins Burke, An Introduction to Criminological Theory, 1st Edition, Lawman India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi 2001, pp. 97 - 172
3. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 31 Edition. Universal Law Pub., New Delhi
1997, Chapter 15, pp. 438-461
Articles:
1. Roger Hopkins Burke and Ed Pollock, A Tale of Two Anomies,
http://www.intemetjournalofcriminology.com/Hopkins, visited on 21st September, 2007
2. S. Stack, Income Inequality and Property Crime, Vol. 22 Criminology (1984), p. 229
3. Original Writings of Karl Marx,
http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/marx.htm, visited on 28th October, 2007
Case Laws:
• Maru Ram & Ors. v. Union of India, AIR 1980 SC 2147
MODULE 4: FACTORS ENHANCING CRIMINALITY
Drug, Alcohol and Crime
Media Influences
Politics and Crime
Youth and Criminality
Race, Culture and Gender
Reading Material:
1. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7th Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 168-176
2. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3r Edition, Oxford Univ
Pres, New York 2002. pp. 376 - 406; 532 - 609
Articles:
1. Richard V. Erickson, Mass Media, Crime, Law and Justice, Vol. 31 British Journal of
Criminology (1991), p. 219
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2. Howard Parker, Young Adult Offenders, Alcohol and Criminological Cul-de-sacs, Vol. 36 British
Journal of Criminology (1996), p. 282
Case Laws:
• Pearson v. R., (1835) 168 All ER 1108
• Manindra Lai Das v. Emperor, AIR 1937 Cal 432
• Jethuram Sukhra Nagbanshi v. State ofMadhya Pradesh, AIR 1960 MP 242
• Patrick Okeke v. State, (1966) All NLR 275 (Decided by Supreme Court of Nigeria)
• R. v. Tandi, (1989) All ER 267 (AC)
MODULE 5: FEMALE PERSPECTIVES.
Female Criminality
Lombroso
Cowie, Slater, Pollack
Thomas, Talcott Parsons
Feminist Critique of Traditional Criminology
Feminist Criminology
Carol Smart, Maureen Cain and Susan Sharp
Reading Material:
1. Roger Hopkins Burke, An Introduction to Criminological Theoiy, V Edition, Lawman India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 2001, pp. 158-170
2. Kerry Carrington and Russel Hogg, Critical Criminology, V1 Edition, Willan Publishing
House, UK 2002, pp. 114 -1 37
Articles :
1. Bruce Di Cristina, Durkheim's Latent Theory of Gender and Homicide, Vol. 26 British
Journal of Criminology (2006), p. 212
2. Carol Smart, The New Female Criminal: Reality or Myth, Vol. 19 British Journal of
Criminology (1979), p. 50
MODULE 6: WHITE COLLAR AND ORGANIZED CRIME
Nature and definition
Types of White collar crimes
Components of white collar crimes
Characteristics and activities of white collar crimes
Controlling organized crimes
NN Vohra Committee report
Corporate crime
Reading Material:
1. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 31 Edition, Oxford
Univ Pres, New York 2002, pp. 844 - 871
14
2. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 711 Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 384-409
Case Laws:
• Provident Investment Company v. Income Tax Commissioner, AIR 1954 Bom. 95
• C. S. Bansal v. Delhi Administration, (1963) 2 Cr. LJ 439 (SC)
• R. K. Garg v. Union of India, (1981) 133 ITR 239
• R. S. Nayak v. A. R. Antulay, AIR 1984 SC 684
• P. V. Narsimharao v. State, AIR 1998 SC 2001
MODULE 7: REACTIONS TO CRIME
Penology - Meaning, Nature & Scope
Theories of Punishment - Expiative, Deterrent, Retributive, Reformative
Types of Punishment - Fine, Imprisonment, Capital Sentence, Solitary Confinement,
Transportation & Juvenile Delinquency
Recommended Readings:
1. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3IC Edition, Oxford
Univ Pres, New York 2002, pp. 1076 - 1105
2. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4l Edition, Eastern Book
Co. Lucknow 1997, pp 110 - 262
3. N. V. Paranjape, Criminology & Penology, 12lh Edition, Central Law Publications,
Allahabad 2005, pp 485 - 523
Articles:
1. Janine Sanger, Electronic Curfew Orders and Juvenile Offenders, Vol. 79
Indian Police Journal (2006) p. 29
Case Laws:
• Jagmohan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1973) 1 SCC 20
• Ediga Anamma v. State ofAP, (1974) 4 SCC 443
• Rajendra Prasad v. State of UP, AIR 1979SC 916
• Bachchan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898
• Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1983 SC 957
• Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, 1994 SCC (Cri) 899
• Swami Shraddhanand v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2008 SC 3040
MODULE 8: CHANGING NOTIONS OF PENAL POLICY
Probation
Parole
Corrective Services
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Community Service
Other Alternatives
Reading Material:
1. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3r Edition, Oxford Univ
Pres, New York 2002, pp. 1168 - 1195
2. N. V. Paranjape, Criminology & Penology, 12th Edition, Central Law Publications,
Allahabad 2005, pp 424 - 437, pp 439 - 481
Articles :
1. F. W. Grinel, The Common Law History of Probation, Vol. 32 Journal of
Criminal Law (1941), p. 15
Case Laws:
• Ramji Missar v. State of Bihar, AIR 1963 SC 1088
• Jagdev Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1973 SC 2427
• Ram Naresh Pandey v. State of MP, (1974) 3 SCC 30
• Musa Khan v. State of Maharashtra, 1976 Cr. LJ 1987 (SC)
MODULE 9: POLICING AND THE POLICE
Administration
Role & Functions
Police & Public
Accountability in Performance
Reading Material:
1. N. V. Paranjape, Criminology & Penology, 12th Edition, Central Law Publications, Allahabad
2005, pp 424 - 437, pp 280-316
2. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4l Edition, Eastern Book Co.
Lucknow 1997, pp 277-317
Articles:
1. Nigel G. Fielding and Jane Fielding, Police Attitudes to Crime and Punishment, Vol. 31
British Journal of Criminology (1991), p. 39-53
2. Rajvir Sharma, Prevention of Crime and Community Policing in India: An Empirical
Evaluation of the Strategies and Practices of Delhi Police, Vol. 79 Indian Police Journal
(2006), p. 43
Case Laws:
• Rajni Kanta v. State of Orissa, 1975 CrLJ 83
16
• Mohammad Giasuddin v. State of AndhraPradesh,
(1978) 1 SCR 153.
MODULE 10: CORRECTIONS
Prison System in India
Problems & Concerns
Prioners' Rights
Open Peno Correctional Institutions
Reading Material:
1. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4 Edition,
Eastern Book Co. Lucknow 1997, pp 142 - 192
Case Laws:
• M. H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra, (1978) 3 SCC 544
• Sunil Batra v. Delhi Adm. (1978) 4 SCC 494
• Sunil Batra v. Delhi Adm. (1980) 3 SCC 488
• Sher Singh v. State of Punjab (1983) 2 SCC 344
• Boddisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty AIR 1996 SC 922
• Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das - Manu/SC/0046/2000
• State of Andhra Pradesh v. Challa Ramakrishna Reddy, AIR 2000 SC 2083
• Hiralal Mullick v. State of Bihar, AIR 1977 SC 2236
MODULE 11: VICTIMOLOGY
Problems of Crime Victims and types of victims
Victims* Right within Criminal Justice System
Caring for the victim
Compensation to victim
Rehabilitation of victim or victims" family
Recommended Readings:
1. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology, 3ld Edition, Universal Law Pub., New Delhi
1997, pp. 98-139
2. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives, 4l Edition, Eastern Book
Co. Lucknow 1997, pp 504-522
Articles :
1. B. Bowling, Racial Harassment and the Process of Victimization, Vol. 33British Journal
17
of Criminology (1993), p. 231-250
2. J. McDevitt, Consequences for Victims: A Comparison of Bias and Non-Bias Motivated Assualt,
Vol. 45 (4) American Behavioral Scientist (2001), pp. 697
3. L.E. Cohen and Felsho, Social Inequality and Predatory Criminal Victimization: An
Exposition and Test of a Formal Theory, Vol. 44 American Sociological Review, (1979) pp.
588-608
Cases:
• Boddisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty AIR 1996 SC 922
• Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das - Manu/SC/0046/2000
PROJECT TOPICS
1. Actuarialism: New Penology
2. Emergence of Alienism in Criminology
3. Jeremy Bentham Contributions' to Criminological Studies
4. Anomie: State of Discontent and Deregulation
5. Alcohol and Crime
6. Blasphemy as a Crime
7. Critical Appraisal ofLombrosian Theory
8. Psychology and Criminology
9. Criminology, Culture and Public Life
10. Comparative Criminal Justice between US, Europe and India
11. Social Construction of Crime and Crime Control
12. Classical Studies in Victimology
13. Gender and Crime
14. The Social Exclusion Paradigm and Criminology
15. Environmental Criminology
16. Community Change and Crime
17. Attitudes of Violence and Socio Legal Constructions of Blame
18. White Collar Crime - Is it really a crime?
19. Critical Evaluation of'MCOCA
20. Critical Evaluation of POTA — Does India need such Act?
21. Reactions to Crime
22. Policing Beyond Government
23. Indian Criminal Law and Sentencing
24. Sentencing Reforms
25. Emergence of Modern Prison and Use of Imprisonment
26. Indian Police System - A critical appraisal
27. Prison Services in India
28. Sociological Theory of Crime
29. Feminism and Criminology
30. Comparative Criminal Justice
31. The History of Crime and Control Institutions
32. Crime Statistics: Data Explosion and its implications
33. Media made criminality: Representation of Crime in the mass media
34. Best Bakery Case — Critical appraisal from Criminological Point of view
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35. Gender and Crime
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
1
SUBJECT: HUMAN RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Module-1:Theoretical Foundations of Human Rights and International Law
Basic principles : sovereign equality of states - non-intervention - non use of force
- international co-operation - peaceful settlement of disputes
Individuals as subjects of international law
State jurisdiction on terrorism, hijacking, narcotics, war crimes and crimes
against peace
Treatment of aliens
Module-2: Historical development of the concept of human rights
Human rights in Indian tradition : ancient, medieval and modern
Human rights in Western tradition
➢ Concept of natural law
➢ Concept of natural rights
➢ Human rights in legal tradition: International Law and National Law
Module-3: UN and Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) - individual and group rights
Covenant on Political and Civil Rights (1966)
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
I L O and other Conventions and Protocols dealing with human rights
Solidarity rights
Disarmament: threat to human rights
International HR Commission
➢ Mandates to States
Right to development
Module-4: Role of Regional Organizations
European Convention on Human Rights
American Convention on Human Rights
African Convention on Human Rights
SAARC
Module-5: Protection agencies and mechanisms
International Commission of Human Rights
➢ Amnesty International
➢ Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
European Commission on Human Rights/Court of Human Rights.
U.N. Division of Human Rights
International Labour Organization
UNESCO
UNICEF
Module-6: Impact and implementation of international human rights norms in India
Human rights norms reflected in fundamental rights in the Constitution
Directive Principles: legislative and administrative implementation of
international human rights norms
Implementation of international human rights norms through judicial process
Moule-7: Enforcement of Human Rights in India
Role of courts: the Supreme Court, High Courts and other courts
Statutory commissions- human rights, women's, minority and backward class
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
2
Suggested Readings:
1. S.K.Avesti and R.P.Kataria, Law Relating to Human Rights, Chh IV, V, VIII, XIV,
XXIX and XXXIX
(2000) Orient, New Delhi
2. S.K.Varma, Public International Law (1998), Prentice-Hall, New Delhi
3. Peter J. Van Kricken (ed.), The Exclusion on Clause (1999), Kluwer
4. Human Rights Watch Women's Rights Project, The Human Rights Watch Global
Report on Women's Human Rights (2000), Oxford
5. Ermacora, Nowak and Tretter, International Human Rights (1993), Sweet & Maxwell.
6. Wallace, International Human Rights: Text & Materials (1996), Sweet & Maxwell
7. Muntarbhorn, The Status of Refugees in Asia (1992), Oxford.
8. Human Rights and Global Diversity (2001), Frank Cass, London
9. Nirmal.C.J. (ed.), Human Rights in India (2000), Oxford
10. Nirmal.B.C., The Right to Self determination in International Law (1995), Deep &
Deep. 11.P.R.Gandhi, International Human Rights Documents (1999) Universal, Delhi.
SUBJECT: JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WHITE COLLAR CRIMES:
LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the Course are to (a) create an overview about Juvenile Justice and White Collar
Crimes in India.
(b) examine the Juvenile Delinquency Act and the Juvenile Justice Act
(c ) examine the different types of White Collar Crimes in India.
Module 1 – Introduction to Juvenile Justice in India
Module 2 – Juvenile Delinquency Act, 1986
Module 3 – Juvenile Justice Board, Special Homes and Observation Homes
Module 4 – New changes in the Juvenile Justice Act 2000.
Module 5 – White Collar crimes
Module 6 – NDPS Act
Module 7 – Prevention of Money Laundering in India
Module 8 – Laws against Food Adulteration in India
Books and References:
1. Manish Dwivedi, Juvenile Justice System in India, Adhyayan Publishers & Distributors; 1
edition (1 November 2011)
2. Ved Kumari, The Juvenile Justice System in India: From Welfare to Rights, Oxford
University Press, 2004.
3. Dr Souvik Chatterji, Law of Crimes with an introduction to Criminology, Penology and
Victimology, Thomson Reuters, South Asian Publication, 1st Edition, 2017.
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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SUBJECT: WOMEN AND LAW
LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW
Chapter 1 -Constitutional Provisions and Privileges
(i) Equality before law for women (Article 14)
(ii) The State not to discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex,
place of birth or any of them (Article 15 (i))
(iii) The State to make any special provision in favour of women and children (Article 15 (3))
(iv) Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any
office under the State (Article 16)
(v) The State to direct its policy towards securing for men and women equally the right to an adequate
means of livelihood (Article 39(a)); and equal pay for equal work for both men and women (Article
39(d))
(vi) To promote justice, on a basis of equal opportunity and to provide free legal aid by suitable
legislation or scheme or in any other way to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not
denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities (Article 39 a)
(vii) The State to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity
relief (Article 42)
(viii) The State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker
sections of the people and to protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation (Article
46)
(ix) The State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people (Article 47)
(x) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India and to
renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women (Article 51(A) (e))
(xi) Not less than one-third (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the
Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes) of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election
in every Panchayat to be reserved for women and such seats to be allotted by rotation to different
constituencies in a Panchayat (Article 243 D(3))
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(xii) Not less than one- third of the total number of offices of Chairpersons in the Panchayats at each
level to be reserved for women (Article 243 D (4))
(ix) Not less than one-third (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the
Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes) of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election
in every Municipality to be reserved for women and such seats to be allotted by rotation to different
constituencies in a Municipality (Article 243 T (3))
(x) Reservation of offices of Chairpersons in Municipalities for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled
Tribes and women in such manner as the legislature of a State may by law provide (Article 243 T (4))
Chapter 2 - Laws relating to women
Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987
Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1983
Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986
National Commission for Women Act, 1990
Prohibition of Sexual Harassment of Women at the Workplace Bill, 2010
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
Chapter 3 - Laws relating to working women
Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1976
Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
Factories (Amendment) Act, 1948
Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (Amended in 1995)
Plantation Labour Act, 1951
Chapter 4 - Laws relating to marriage & divorce
Anand Marriage Act, 1909
Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937
Births, Deaths & Marriages Registration Act, 1886
Bangalore Marriages Validating Act, 1936
Converts’ Marriage Dissolution Act, 1866
Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939
Family Courts Act, 1984
Foreign Marriage Act, 1969
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
Hindu Marriages (Validation of Proceedings) Act, 1960
Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872
Indian Divorce Act, 1869
Indian Divorce Amendment Bill, 2001
Indian Matrimonial Causes (War Marriages) Act, 1948
Marriage Laws (Amendment) Act, 2001
Marriages Validation Act, 1892
Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986
Parsi Marriage & Divorce Act, 1936
Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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Special Marriages Act, 1954
Chapter 5 - Laws relating to maintenance
The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973:
Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents under section 125
Procedure to be followed under section 125
Alteration in allowance under section 125
Enforcement of the order of maintenance
Chapter 6 - Laws relating to abortion
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971
Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994
Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2001
Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation & Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Act, 2002
Chapter 7 - Laws relating to property, succession, inheritance, guardianship & adoption
Guardians & Wards Act, 1890
Hindu Adoptions & Maintenance Act, 1956
Hindu Inheritance (Removal of Disabilities) Act, 1928
Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956
Hindu Succession Act, 1956
Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005
Indian Succession Act, 1925
Indian Succession (Amendment) Act, 2002
Married Women’s Property Act, 1874
Married Women’s Property (Extension) Act, 1959
Chapter 8 - Offences against women and children in the Indian Penal Code
The Indian Penal Code, 1860
Abandoning of child under 12 years of age
Adultery
Assault or criminal force to a woman with intent to outrage her modesty
Buying minor for purpose of prostitution
Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide
Causing miscarriage or miscarriage without the woman’s consent
Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage
Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body
Concealment of former marriage
Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage
Dowry death
Enticing, detaining or taking away with criminal intent a married woman
Fraudulent marriage ceremony without lawful marriage
Husband or relative of a husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty
Importation of girl from foreign country
Intercourse by man with his wife during separation
Intercourse by a member of management or staff of a hospital with any woman in that hospital
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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Intercourse by public servant with a woman in his custody
Intercourse by superintendent of jail, remand home, etc
Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage
Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage
Marrying again during lifetime of spouse (Also see here)
Preventing a child from being born alive or causing its death after birth
Procreation of minor girl
Rape
Selling minor for purpose of prostitution
Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman
Bare Acts:
The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986.
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013.
The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005.
Suggested Readings:
1. Indian Penal Code- Ralanlal Dhirajlal-Wadhwa
2. SITA (Supression of Immoral Trafficking in Women)
3. Domestic Violence Act, 2005 – Dr. Preeti Mishra
4. Vishaka’s Case, Chandrima Das Case.
5. Indira Jaising, Hand book on law of Domestic Violence.
6. Lawyers collective, Law relating to sexual harassment at work place- Universal Delhi.
7. Krishna Pal Malik, Women & Law, Allahabad Law Agency
8. Manjula Batra,Women and Law, Allahabad Law Agency.
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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COURSE – CYBER CRIME AND FORENSIC SCIENCE
LLM IN CRIMINAL LAW
CYBER LAW - SYLLABUS:
Module 1 - Cyber Crimes and Cyber Laws- Introduction to IT laws & Cyber Crimes – Internet, Hacking, Cracking, Viruses, Virus Attacks,
Pornography, Software Piracy, Intellectual property, Legal System of Information Technology, Social
Engineering, Mail Bombs, Bug Exploits, Cyber Crime Investigation and Cyber Security etc…
Module 2 - Cyber Crime Investigation-
Introduction to Cyber Crime Investigation, Cyber Forensics, Investigation Tools, eDiscovery, Digital
Evidence Collection, Evidence Preservation, E-Mail Investigation, E-Mail Tracking, IP Tracking, E-
Mail Recovery, Encryption and Decryption methods, Search and Seizure of Computers, Cyber
Forensics Tools and Softwares, Recovering deleted evidences, Password Cracking etc...
Module 3 – 6 principles of Forensic Science
Module 4 – DNA and Indian Evidence Act
Module 5 – NDPS Act and Poisons
Module 6 – Fire Arms and Explosives.
Books :
BR Sharma, Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, Universal Law Publishers.
SUBJECT: COMPETITION LAW
LLM IN CORPORATE LAW
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the Course are to (a) create an overview about Competition law in India,
(b) examine the anticompetitive practices in India and abroad,
(c ) examine the abuse of dominant practices in India and abroad,
(d) examine the combinations taking place in India and outside India.
THE EVALUATION SYSTEM
Continuous Assessment. 30 %
Projects 20%
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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End Term 50 %
COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION 9 CLASSES
Anti-trust issues in India
Background of MRTP Act, 1969
Requirement of new competition regime in India.
Enactment of the new Competition Act in India.
Recommended Readings:
1. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006, pages 1 to 25.
2. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University
Press, India, pages 1- 20.
3. Abir Roy and Jayant Kumar, Competition Law in India, Eastern Law House, 2008.
4. Peritz Rudolph J.R., Competition Policy in America: History, Rhetoric, Law. 1st Edition, New York: Oxford
University Press, 2000.
5. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law in India and Cartels in India and USA, 2nd Edition, 2017, Allahabad Law
Agency, Law Publishers India, ISBN -978 – 81 -909484 -9 -4.
Case Laws:
1. Sarabhai Chemicals P. Ltd. and another, in re, (1979) 49 Comp. Cas 145 MRTPC. (Case on RTP)
2. International Salt Co. v. United States, 332 US 392 (1947). (Case on tying arrangement)
MODULE 2: ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS 15 CLASSES
Definitions
What are anticompetitive agreements?
Different types of anti-competitive agreements.
Treatment of such agreements under MRTP Act and Competition Act.
Relevant market.
Relevant product and geographical market.
Entry barriers
Cartels.
Punishments under the Competition Act, 2002, as amended by the Competition (Amendment) Act, 2007.
Recommended Readings:
1. Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006, pages 60 to 100.
2. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University
Press, India, 2007, pages 60 -90.
3. Peritz Rudolph J.R., Competition Policy in America: History, Rhetoric, Law. 1st Edition, New York: Oxford
University Press, 2000.
4. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law in India and Cartels in India and USA, 2nd Edition, 2017, Allahabad Law
Agency, Law Publishers India, ISBN -978 – 81 -909484 -9 -4.
Articles:
1. “Efficacy of Jefferson Parish Hospital Case in preventing Exclusive Contracts and Exclusive Dealings”, Dr. Souvik
Chatterji, Company Cases, Volume 178 (1), Part 7 1, 10th May 2013, Company Law Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., A Journal
For Finance & Legal Professionals and Corporate Executives, pages 13 to 15.
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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Case Laws:
1. Brown Shoe Co. Inc. v. US, 370 US 294 (1962). (Case on anti-competitive effect of two merging companies.
2. Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers Association, (2002) 6 SCC. (Case on predatory pricing)
3. DG (IR) v. Suotomo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan and others, 2004 CTJ 26 (MRTP) (Case on cartel)
4. Albion Water Ltd v. Water Services Regulation Authority, CA 1665, (2008) Bus LR (Case on Anti-competitive
effect of acquisition of local bus company)
5. Attheraces Ltd v. British Horseracing Board Ltd, (2007) Bus LR, CA D77 (Anti-competitive activity)
6. Quantas Airways and Orangester Investments Holdings, re, 2007 SG CCS 2 (Case related to examination of
economic benefit of a transaction)
7. Price Fixing in Bus Services from Singapore to Malaysia and Southern Thailand, re, 2009 SG CCS 2 (Case on
price-fixing)
8. Volkswagen AG v. Commission of the European Communities, 2007 Bus LR 35 (Case on anti-competitive
activity)
MODULE 3: ABUSE OF DOMINANT POSITION 15 CLASSES
Introduction
Dominance
Abuse of Dominance
Predatory pricing
Abuse of dominance in US and Europe
Abuse of dominance under MRTP Act and Competition Act.
Recommended Readings:
1. Peritz Rudolph J.R., Competition Policy in America: History, Rhetoric, Law. , New York: Oxford University
Press, 2000.
2. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, Oxford University Press, India,
2007, Pages 130 -150.
3. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006,
pages 140 -160.
4. Avtar Singh, Competition Law, 1st Edition, 2012.
Articles:
1. “The DLF case is a landmark decision regarding abuse of dominance and relevant market in India”, Dr Souvik
Chatterji, Competition Law Insight, 29th April, 2014, Opinion, Relevance and abuse, Registered in England under no.
1072954, registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T
3JH,Volume13,Inbrief5,http://www.competitionlawinsight.com/competition-issues/abuse-ofdominance/relevance-and-
abuse--1.htm?origin=internalSearch
Case Laws:
1. Hoffman La Roche & Co. v. Commission of the European Communities, Case 85/76. (Case on abuse of
dominance)
2. Uta Pie Co. v. Continental Baking and others, 386 US 685 (1967) (Case on abuse of dominance)
MODULE 4: COMBINATIONS 10 CLASSES
Definition: Combination.
Introduction.
Combination under the Companies Act, 1956.
Need for control of Mergers and Acquisitions.
Regulation of combinations under Competition Act, 2002.
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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Control of anti-competitive combinations.
Control of combinations in US and Europe.
Recommended Readings:
1. Peritz Rudolph J.R., Competition Policy in America: History, Rhetoric, Law. 1st Edition, New York: Oxford
University Press, 2000.
2. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University
Press, India, 2007, Pages 150 -170.
3. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006,
pages 180 -19
4. SM Dugar and UP Mathur, Guide to Competition Law, Volume II, 5th Edition, 2010, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths
Wadha, Nagpur.
Articles:
1. “Examining the Efficacy of Mandatory Merger Notification in India,” Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Law Reforms,
Lex Witness, India’s First Magazine on Legal and Corporate Affairs, Volume 4, Issue 12, July 2013, page 44,
45.
2. “Indian Competition Act: Thresholds of Combination”, Consolidated Commercial Digest, Dr Souvik Chatterji,
Volume 30, Part 7, December 1, 2011, Company Law Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., A Journal For Finance &
Legal Professionals and Corporate Executives, ISSN 0972-6039, pages 510 to 513.
MODULE 5: EXTRA-TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION 9 CLASSES
The effects doctrine.
Lack of extra-territorial jurisdiction under MRTP Act.
Extra-territorial jurisdiction under Competition Act, 2002.
Recommended Readings:
1. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University
Press, India, 2007, Pages 185 -195.
2. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006,
pages 185 -195.
3. SM Dugar and UP Mathur, Guide to Competition Law, Volume II, 5th Edition, 2010, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths
Wadha, Nagpur.
Articles:
1. “ANSAC case was a trend setter in Competition Law in India”, Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Company cases, Volume 172, Part
1, 8th June, 2012, Company Law Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., A Journal For Finance & Legal Professionals and
Corporate Executives, pages 14 to 16.
Case Laws:
1. Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers Association, (2002) 6 SCC. (Case on predatory
pricing and extra-territorial jurisdiction)
MODULE 6: CORPORATE LENIENCY: 5 CLASSES
Definition of corporate leniency
Corporate Leniency in India.
Corporate Leniency in US.
Recommended Readings:
1. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University
Press, India, 2007, Pages 150 -170.
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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2. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006,
pages 180 -195.
3. Elhauge Einer, Geradin Damien, Global Competition Law and Economics, 1st Edition, USA. Hart Publishing,
2007.
MODULE 7: COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA 8 CLASSES.
Composition of CCI.
Appointment of members of CCI and their removal.
Independence of CCI.
Powers of CCI
Jurisdiction of CCI.
Overlap of jurisdiction of CCI with sectoral regulators.
Reading Materials
1. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University
Press, India, 2007, Pages 180 -190.
2. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006,
pages 260 -275.
3. Abir Roy and Jayant Kumar, Competition Law in India, Eastern Law House, 2008.
Case Laws:
1. State of Bihar v. Subodh Gopal, AIR 1968 SC 281. (Case on jurisdiction)
2. Kadar Bhai v. Haribhai, AIR 1974 Guj 170. (Case on jurisdiction)
MODULE 8: ENFORCEMENT 6 CLASSES
Mechanism of enforcement of competition law in India.
Procedure of enforcement of competition law in India.
Recommended Readings:
1. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University
Press, India, 2007, Pages 180 -190.
2. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006,
pages 260 -275.
Articles:
1. “Finding the Yardstick, measuring relevant market in India”, Dr Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law
Insight, 30th July, 2013, Registered in England under no. 1072954, registered office: Mortimer House, 37-
41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, pages 13 -15,
http://www.competitionlawinsight.com/competitionissues/finding-the-yardstick 69394.htm
Case Laws:
1. Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Manufacturers Association, (2002) 6 SCC. (Case on enforcement)
Reading Materials:
1. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law today, concepts, issues, and the law in practice, 1st Edition, Oxford University
Press, India, 2007.
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2. Ramappa T., Competition law India, Policy Issues, and Developments. 1st Edition, New Delhi, Oxford, 2006.
3. Peritz Rudolph J.R., Competition Policy in America: History, Rhetoric, Law. 1st Edition, New York: Oxford
University Press, 2000.
4. Smith Martin, Competition Law Enforcement & Procedure, London: Butterworths, 2001.
5. Elhauge Einer, Geradin Damien, Global Competition Law and Economics, 1st Edition, USA. Hart Publishing,
2007.
6. Graham Cosmo, Competition, Regulation and the New Economy, 1st Edition, New York: Oxford and Portland
Oregon, 2004.
7. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law in India and Cartels in India and USA, 1st Edition, 2014, 2nd Edition,
2017, Allahabad Law Agency, Law Publishers India, ISBN -978 – 81 -909484 -9 -4.
**************************
PROJECT TOPICS
1. Anti-competitive agreements in India.
2. MRTP Act, 1969, an overview.
3. Cartels in India.
4. Predatory pricing in India.
5. MRTPC and CCI.
6. Abuse of dominance in India.
7. Abuse of dominance in US.
8. Vitamins cartel in US.
9. EC regulation on anti-competitive agreements.
10. Corporate leniency in India.
11. Corporate leniency in US.
12. Combination in India.
13. Merger review in India.
14. Remedies relating to combinations.
15. Extra-territorial jurisdiction of CCI.
16. Tied –selling in India.
17. Bid-rigging in India.
18. Price-fixing in India.
19. Market-allocation in India.
20. CCI and sectoral regulators.
21. Corporate leniency in India.
22. Per Se Illegality
23. Rule of reason test.
24. Mandatory notification regime.
25. Voluntary notification regime
26. Effects doctrine.
27. Importance of market share in determination of dominance.
28. Competition advocacy.
29. Merger review in India and South Africa.
30. Dominance in India and USA.
31. Appreciable adverse effect on competition.
32. Procompetitive factors in India.
33. Anti-competitive factors in India.
34. Horizontal agreements.
35. Vertical agreements.
36. Independence of CCI.
37. Overlap of jurisdiction of CCI with TRAI.
38. Overlap of jurisdiction of CCI with CERC.
39. Overlap of jurisdiction of CCI with AERA.
40. Utility of Areeda-turner rule.
41. Merits of predatory pricing.
42. Demerits of predatory pricing.
43. Bid-rigging in Brazil.
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44. Bid-rigging in South Africa.
45. Abuse of dominant position in Brazil.
46. Abuse of dominant position in South Africa.
47. Corporate Leniency in USA.
48. Corporate Leniency in India.
49. Role of first informant in cartel investigation.
SUBJECT: LAW OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
LLM IN CORPORATE LAW
OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE:
Indian Infrastructure Sectors including Airports, Roadways, Telecom Sector, Electricity Sector, Ports, SEZs, Natural Gas
Sector, etc., had developed a lot in the last 15 years after liberalization took place considering the developments all across
the world. A lot of development projects in these sectors are taking place through public –private partnerships. The law
relating to development of infrastructure sectors require a new look considering the requirements of regulators in the
respective sectors. The regulators are required to balance the strategic dimension of the sectors and also the capital
requirement which can lead to development of the sectors. Thus the objectives of the course include,
• Creating an insight on development of infrastructure.
• Discussing the laws of infrastructure development.
• Discussing the control of the regulatory bodies over the development of relevant sectors.
CREDIT HOURS:
As per credit hours allotted to the subject there will be 4 classes per week. Teaching Methodology will include Lecture-
cum- case discussion, Projects, and Presentations
EVALUATION SCHEME:
• Project 20% marks.
• Continuous Assessments 30% marks.
• End-term exams 50% marks.
COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE 1 – INTRODUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT – 5 LECTURES
• Introduction of infrastructure development
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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• The different infrastructure sectors.
Recommended Readings.
1. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to infrastructure projects, LexisNexis Butterworth Publications,2003 – pages 5 to 15.
Article.
Siddharth Paradkar and Anirudh Reddy, TAMP as market regulator, July 2013, Infrastructure Today.
MODULE 2 – ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE – 7 LECTURES
• The economic dynamics that are relevant in respect of specific sectors like Telecommunication, Energy, Airport
Sector – 7 Lectures.
Recommended Readings.
1. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to infrastructure projects, LexisNexis Butterworth Publications, 2003. Pages 20 to 40.
Case Law.
1. Association of Industrial Electricity Users v. State of Andhra Pradesh (2002) 3 SCC 711.
2. Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. The Association of Natural Gas Consuming Industries of Gujarat AIR 1990
SC 1851.
3. India Thermal Power Ltd. V. State of MP, (2000) 3 SCC 379.
4. Duncan Industries Ltd. v. State of UP (2000) 1 SCC 633.
MODULE 3 – SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES – 7 LECTURES
• Background of SEZ.
• Objectives of SEZ Policy.
• SEZs in sensitive areas.
• Exemption of taxes, duties in SEZs.
• The rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2007.
• The Land Acquisition (Amendment) Bill, 2007.
Recommended Readings.
1. Pranay Chaturvedi and Ankur Dalal, Law of Special Economic Zone, National and
International Perspective, Eastern Law House, Kolkata, New Delhi. Pages 30 to 100.
2. Hitendra Mehta, Taxmann’s Law & Practice Relating to Special Economic Zones, Published by
Taxmann Allied Services (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India, 2007. Pages 25 to 150.
3. Arundhati Roy, Power Politics, Published by South End Press, USA, 2nd Edition, 2002.
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4. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books
International Limited, India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014. Pages 35 to 100.
MODULE 4 – NATURAL GAS SECTOR – 8 LECTURES.
• Natural Gas Industry.
• The Legal Framework.
• The New Exploration and Licensing Policy (NELP).
• The Oilfields Regulation and Development Act, 1948.
• Production Sharing Contracts.
• Regulation of Gas Pipelines in US and UK.
Recommended Readings.
1. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition. Lexis Nexis Butterworth Publication, 2003.
Pages 50 to 80.
2. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books International
Limited, India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014. Pages 70 to 100.
MODULE 5 – PORT SECTOR - 7 LECTURES
• Brief history of Ports in India.
• Landlord ports, tool ports, services ports.
• The Indian Ports Act, 1908.
• The Major Ports Trust Act, 1963.
Recommended Readings.
1. Piyush Joshi , Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition. Lexis Nexis Butterworth Publication, 2003.
Pages 80 to 90.
2. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books International
Limited, India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014. Pages 110 to 130.
Article.
Siddharth Paradkar and Anirudh Reddy, TAMP as market regulator, July 2013, Infrastructure Today.
MODULE 6 – THE ENERGY SECTOR – 9 LECTURES.
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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• The development projects under the Sector and the regulation of the sector by the regulatory body.
• Licensing framework.
• Consumer Issues under the Sector.
Recommended Readings:
1. Raj Singh Niranjan, Guide to Electricity Laws in India, Universal Law Publishing Company
Pvt. Ltd, 2004.
2. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, LexisNexis Butterworth Publications.
2003. Pages 60 to 80.
3. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books
International Limited, India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014. Pages 70 to 100.
Case Law.
1. India Thermal Power Ltd. V. State of MP, (2000) 3 SCC 379.
2. Duncan Industries Ltd. v. State of UP (2000) 1 SCC 633.
MODULE 7 – THE TRANSPORT SECTOR, NATIONAL HIGHWAYS, RAILWAYS AND
AIRPORTS – 9 LECTURES.
• Legal framework and issues relating to financing of road projects.
• Privatization of Airports and Issues relating to regulation of Airports.
• The Policy of Airport Infrastructure, 1997
• The Airport Economic Regulatory Authority Bill, 2007.
• Infrastructure Development relating to Indian Railways.
Recommended Readings.
1. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition. Lexis Nexis Butterworth Publication, 2003.
Pages 60 to 80.
2. Ellis J. Juan, “Privatizing Airports –option & case studies”, Public Policy for the private sector, the World
Bank, June 1996.
3. David Bentley, The World Airport Privatization Study, Euromoney Institutional Investor in 2002.
4. Arundhati Roy, Power Politics, Published by South End Press, USA, 2nd Edition, 2002.
5. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books International
Limited, India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014. Pages 40 to 65.
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Case Law.
1. State of UP v. Devi Dayal Singh, (2000) 3 SCC 5.
MODULE 8 – TELECOMMUNICATIONS – 8 LECTURES.
• Telegraph, telecommunication services and wireless communications.
• The Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal.
• The National Telecom Policy, 1994 and 1999.
Recommended Readings.
1. Rafiq Dossani, Telecommunications Reform in India, 2002.
2. Bare Act, The TRAI Act, 1997 and the TRAI Act, 2000.
3. David Gilles & Roger Marshall, Telecommunications Law, Butterworths, 1997.
4. Piyush Joshi, Law Relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition, LexisNexis Butterworth Publications, 2003,
Pages 120 to 140.
Article.
Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Overlap of Jurisdiction of TRAI and CCI, Consolidated Commercial Digest, Volume 30,
Part 4, October 15, 2011, Company Law Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, A Journal for Finance and Legal
Professionals, Corporate Executives.
Case Law
1. Delhi Science Forum v. Union of India CWP (PIL) No. 4510 of 1999.
2. Consumer Online Foundation v. Tata Sky Ltd. and Others, CCI, Case No. 2/2009.
MODULE 9 – DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH SECTOR – 5 LECTURES.
• Public-private Partnerships in development of India’s Health Sector.
Recommended Readings.
1. Slim Haddad, D. Narayana, Safeguarding the Health Sector in Times of Macroeconomic Instability, Africa World
Press. IDRC 2008.
Suggested Readings.
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1. Graham Vinter, Project Finance: A Legal Guide, 2nd Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1998.
2. India Infrastructure Report, Department of Economic Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi, 1996.
3. Ellis J. Juan, “Privatizing Airports –option & case studies”, Public Policy for the private sector, the World Bank, June
1996.
4.Arundhati Roy, Power Politics, Published by South End Press, USA, 2nd Edition, 2002.
5.Rafiq Dossani, Telecommunications Reform in India, 2002.
6.Raj Singh Niranjan, Guide to Electricity Laws in India, Universal Law Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd, 2004.
7. David Bentley, The World Airport Privatization Study by David Bentley, Euromoney Institutional Investor, 2002.
8. Piyush Joshi, Law relating to Infrastructure Projects, 2nd Edition. 2003. Lexis Nexis Butterworths Publication.
9.David Gilles & Roger Marshall, Telecommunications Law, Butterworths, 1997.
10. Dr. Souvik Chatterji, Laws of Infrastructure Development in India, Published by YS Books International Limited,
India, 1st Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, 2014.
Project Topics.
1. TRAI, 1997 Act and TRAI, 2000 Act.
2. Telecom Policy 1994.
3. Telecom Policy 1999.
4. TRAI and TDSAT.
5. TRAI and CCI.
6. CERC and Indian Electricity Act, 2003.
7. SERCs in India.
8. Appellate Tribunal in Electricity Sector.
9. The NHAI Act.
10. Roadways and BOT Projects.
11. SEZs in India.
12. The SEZ Policy.
13. The SEZ Act.
14. The SEZ and Land Acquisition (Amendment) Bill, 2007.
15. The SEZ and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2007.
16. The AERA Bill, 2007.
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17. AERA and CCI.
18. Developments in the Airport Sector.
19. The Natural Gas Sector.
20. NELP and Indian Natural Gas Sector.
21. Landlord Ports.
22. Tool Ports.
23. The major Port in India.
24. The Indian Ports Act, 1908.
25. The Clinical Establishment (Regulation and Registration) Bill, 2007.
SUBJECT: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS LAW.
Module-I Introduction
The meaning of intellectual property
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Forms of intellectual property: copyright, trademarks, patents and designs
New forms as plant varieties and geographical indications
Introduction to the leading international instruments concerning intellectual property rights: the Berne Convention, Universal Copyright, Convention, the Paris Convention,
Trips, the World Intellectual Property Rights Organization (WIPO) and the UNESCO
Module-II Law of copyright in India
Historical evolution of the copyright law
Meaning of copyright
Copyright in literacy, dramatic and musical works
Copyright in sound records and cinematograph films
Ownership of copyright
Assignment and licence
Copyright authorities
Infringement of Copy right and remedies including Anton Pillor injunctive relief in India
Module-III Trademarks
The rationale of protection of trademarks as an aspect of commercial and of
consumer rights, Dilution Theories of trade mark
Definition and concept of trademarks
Registration of trademark- authorities under the trademark Act
Passing off and infringement
Remedies
Module-IV Design
The Designs Act, 2000
✓ Definition and characteristics of Design
Law in India
✓ Protection and rights of design holders
✓ Copyright in design
✓ Registration
✓ Remedies for infringement.
Trademark and Domain Name Interface
Module-V Patents
Concepts and Historical view of the patents
Process of obtaining a patent, authorities
Procedure for filling patents: patent co-operation treaty
Prior publication or anticipation
Rights and obligations of a patentee
Compulsory licences
Infringement; defences
Injunctions and related remedies
Module-VI Miscellaneous
Geographical indication,
Plant varieties
✓ Traditional knowledge
✓ Bio piracy,
Patentability of Biotechnology and micro organize
New plant culture and breeds Act
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Bare Acts:
The Trademarks Act, 1999.
The Patents Act, 1970.
The Copyright Act, 1957.
The Designs Act, 2000.
The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection), 1999.
The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001.
The Biodiversity Act, 2002.
Suggested Readings:
1. Cornish W.R. Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Marks, Copy Right and Allied
Right, Asia Law House, Hyderabad.
2. Vikas Vashishth, Law and practice of Intellectual Property, Bharat Law House Delhi.
3. P. Narayanan, Inetellectua1 Property Law, (ed) Eastern Law House,Calcutta
4. Bibeck Debroy (ed). Intellectual Property Right, Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, Delhi
5. U.I.F. Anderfelt, International Patent Legislation and Developing Countries
6. W.R. Cornish, Intellectual Property (3rd ed) Sweet and Maxwell
7. K. Thairani, copyright: The Indian Experience.
8. Ahuja, V.K.; Law relating to Intellectual Property Rights; LexisNexis
9. Bhandari, M. K.; An Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights; Central Law
Publication
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SUBJECT: CORPORATE LAW
LLM in Corporate Law
Syllabus for subject Corporate Law
Subject: Law of Corporate Management and Governance
Unit - I: Corporate Incorporation and Management
1. (i)Certificate of Incorporation
(ii)Memorandum and Articles of Association
(iii)Doctrine of Ultra Vires
(iv)Doctrine of Indoor Management
2. (i) Directors: Appointment, Removal, Position, Powers and Duties of Directors.
(ii) Audit Committee: Its Role.
(iii)Company Secretary: Qualification, Appointment and Duties
(iv)Officer who is in default: Definition of Officer who is in default
(v)Liability of independent directors.
3. (i) Types of Meetings
(ii) Procedure of calling meeting
(iii) Company’s resolutions and its kinds
Unit -2 : Oppression & Mismanagement and Investigation
(Sections 397 to 408; Sections 235 to 251)
1. (i)Rule in Foss v. Harbottle
(ii)Prevention of Oppression
(iii)Prevention of Mismanagement
(iv)Role & Powers of the Company Law Board
(v)Role & Powers of Central Government
2. (i)Company Investigation
Unit – 3: Corporate Liquidation
1. (i).Winding up of Companies (ii).Mode of winding up of the companies (iii).Compulsory Winding
up under the Order of the Tribunal
(iv).Voluntary winding up
(v).Contributories
(vi).Payment of liabilities
Unit -4 : Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility
1. (i)Importance of Corporate Governance
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(ii)Different system of Corporate Governance
(iii)Impact of Legal Traditions and the Rule of Law on Corporate Governance (iv)Legal Reforms of
Corporate Governance in India
(v)Reports of the various Committees on Corporate Governance
(vi)Emerging Trend based on the recommendation of the Committees in the
Companies Act 1956 and the Listing Agreement with Special reference to
Clause 49.
2. (i) Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility
Text Books:
1.Saleem Sheikh & William Rees, Corporate Governance & Corporate Control, Cavendish Publishing
Ltd., 1995
2.Taxmann, Companies Act 2013
3.Taxmann, A Comparative Study of Companies Act 2013 and Companies Act 1956
References:
1.Charles Wild & Stuart Weinstein Smith and Keenan, Company Law
, Pearson Longman, 2009
2.Institute of Company Secretaries of India, Companies Act 2013
, CCH Wolter Kluver Business, 2013
3.Lexis Nexis, Corporate Laws 2013
(Palmtop Edition)
4.C.A. Kamal Garg, Bharat’s Corporate and Allied Laws, 2013,
SUBJECT: CROSS BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS.
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LLM in Corporate Law
Objectives: The objectives of the course is to create an overview of cross – border mergers and
acquisitions for students. After completing the course the students will be able to understand
(a) Cross border mergers and acquisitions
(b) Laws in India and other jurisdictions to prevent anti-competitive combinations
(c) The effect of cross border combinations.
Chapter 1 – Mergers and acquisitions under Indian Companies Act – corporate restructuring in India
under the Companies Act. It includes mergers, acquisitions and amalgamations of two or more
companies.
Chapter 2 – Cross border mergers – Mergers between companies registered in different parts of the
world. The complications and the after-effect of the combination is the major focus area.
Chapter 3 - Economic losses due to cross border mergers – end of small companies due to cross
border mergers.
Chapter 4 – Review of anti-competitive mergers – Combination analysis by Competition Commission
of India. The mandatory combination regime in India will be in consideration in comparison with the
merger analysis in USA and EU.
Chapter 5 – Sanctions in India and other jurisdictions against the bad mergers.
Books:
1. Pradip Kumar Jain, Corporate Acquisitions and Mergers in India, Wolters Kluwer, 2016.
2. Vinod Dhall, Competition Law Today, Oxford University Press, 2007
3. Dr Souvik Chatterji, Competition Law in India and Cartels in India and USA, Allahabad Law
Agency, 2nd Edition, 2017.
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SUBJECT: INVESTMENT LAW
LLM IN CORPORATE LAW
Unit-1: Securities: The concept and kinds: Government Securities, Securities issued by banks,
Secured issued by corporations, Securities in mutual fund and Collective investment schemes,
Depository receipts.
Unit-2: Government Securities: Bonds issued by government and semi government institutions, Role
of Central Bank (the RBI in India), Impact of issuance of bonds on economy, Government loan from
the general public, External borrowing, World Bank, I.M.F, Asian Development Bank, Direct from
foreign government and Treasury deposits, government loan: the constitutional dilemma and
limitations, dilution of powers of Central Bank.
Unit-3: Securities issued by Banks: Bank notes, issue of bank notes, changing functions of banks
form direct lending and borrowing to modern system, Bank draft, travelers’ cheques, credit cards,
smart cards, nature of deposits, current, saving and fixed deposits, interest warrants.
Unit-4: Corporate Securities: Shares, Debentures, Company deposits, Control over corporate
securities, a) Central government, b) National Company Law Tribunal c)SEBI guide lines on capital
issues d) RBI; Protection of investor, a) Administrative regulation, b) Disclosure regulation, c)
Protection by criminal sanction.: Basic features of the Securities Contracts(Regulation) Act, 1956 –
recognition of stock exchange, option in securities- listing of securities, guidelines for listing of
shares, debentures etc.
Unit-5: Basic features of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 – establishment of
SEBI, sanctions and Powers of SEBI, powers of the Central Government under the Act, guidelines for
disclosure and investors protection – SEBI Appellate Tribunal and Appeals.
Unit-6:Collective Investment: Unit Trust of India, Venture capital, Mutual find, Control over issue
and management of UTI.
Unit-7: Depositories: Denationalized securities, Recognition of securities, Types of depository
receipts: IDR, ADR, GDR and Euro receipts, SEBI guidelines on depositories.
Unit-8: Investment in non-banking financial institutions: Control by usury laws, control by RBI,
Regulation on non-banking financial and Private–financial companies; law Relating to NBFCs – AP
Protection of Depositors Act, 1999.
Unit-9: Foreign Exchange management in India: Concept of foreign exchange management and
administration of exchange control.
Books Recommended:
1. Avatar Singh, Company Law, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.
2. Ramaih, A Guide to Companieis Act, Wadhwa Publications.
3. Anantha Raman, Lectures on Company Law, Wadhwa and Company
4. Majumdar, Company Law, Taxman Publications.
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5. Gupta, S.N., The Banking Law in Theory and Practice, (1999) Universal, New Delhi.
6. Tannan, M.L., Tannan’s Banking Law and Practice in India, (2000) India Law House, New Delhi
7. Bhandari, M.C., Guide to Company Law Procedures, (1996) Wadhwa and Co., New Delhi.
SUBJECT: CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN INDIA
LLM IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Unit-1: Parliamentary Government: Westminster Model-Indian experience before Independence-
choice of Parliamentary Government, President of India-Election Qualifications, Impeachment,
Salary, etc., Council of Minister-President’s Constitutional position, Governor and State Government-
President’s constitutional relationship. Legislative Process-Privileges, freedom of speech. Practice of
law-making, etc., Legislative privileges-vs. Fundamental Rights. In re. Art 143 of the constitution of
India, Prime Minister - cabinet system - collective responsibility -Individual responsibility President
P.M. Relationship. Party System-Anti-defection Law. Freedom of an M.P./M.L.A. to dissent.
Unit-2: Federalism: Federalism-principles-Comparative study of other Federations. Why India has a
federal Government, Indian Federalism-President of India-Council of State Process of Constitutional
amendment. Identification of Federal Features, Legislative Relations between the Centre and the
States Administrative relations-Centre-States, Financial Relations-Centre-States, Governor’s position
from the perspective of Federalism, Centre’s Powers over the States-Art. 356, J & K - Special Status,
Critical problems of India Federalism Sarkaria Commission-Greater autonomy vs Central Control one
party domination. Emergence of Political Federalism. Growth of Regional parties.
Unit-3: Governor under the constitution: Powers and functions
Unit-4: Independency the Judiciary and Judicial process: Judicial process under the Constitution:
Judicial Review - Art. 32, 226, 227, Nature of Judicial Review, Court system in India: Backlogs.
Arrears, alternatives. Lok Adalats etc. Judges; Appointments, Conditions of service, etc. Subordinate
Judiciary, Jurisdiction of Supreme Court and High Court, Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court, Public Interest Litigation.
Unit-5 Freedom of Trade and Commerce:
Unit-6: Services under the Constitution: Doctrine of pleasure (Art. 310), Protection against Arbitrary
Dismissal, Removal, or Reduction in Rank (Art. 311), Tulsiram Patel case- Exceptions to Art. 311.
Unit-7: Election Commission of India: Powers and functions
Unit-8: Emergency Provisions under the constitution: Emergency. Need for such a provision. Types
of Emergencies. Experience in other democracies , Proclamation of Emergency-conditions-Art. 352-
Effect of Emergency on Centre-State relations, Emergency and suspension of fundamental rights.
Arts. 358, 359 - Makhan Singh Tarasikha to A.D.M. Jabbalpore, Financial Emergency.
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Unit-9: Amendment to the Constitution: Constitutional Processes of Adaptation & Alteration:
Methods of constitutional Amendment-Written-Unwritten-Rigid-Flexible Constitutions, Provisions
which can be amended by ordinary procedure. Special procedure, review of Constitutional
Amendments, Limitations upon constitutional amendments Shankari Prasad, Sajjan Singh, Golak
Nath vs. Punjab - Why should Fundamental Rights be immune from the process of constitutional
Amendment, Basic structure doctrine as a limitation-Kesavananda Bharati. Development of the Basic
Structure Doctrine Constituent power of the Supreme Court. Waman Rao, Minerva Mills, etc., Indira
Gandhi vs Raj Narain; Judicial consensus on Basic Structure, Legislative and Judicial Attempts to
bury the Basic Structure Doctrine; Legitimation of the Basic Structure Doctrine. Special Bench to
Reconsider the Basic Structure Issue. Forty-second Constitutional Amendment. Forty-fourth
constitutional Amendment.
Minerva Mills and subsequent developments of the Basic Structure Doctrine. Responsibility of the
court; Activism vs. Restraint.
Books Recommended:
1. Shukla V.N.: Constitution of India, Eastern Books Company, Lucknow.
2. Pandey J.N.: Constitutional Law of India, Central Law Agency, Allahabad.
3. Austin, Granwille: The Indian Constitution - Corner Stone of a Nation, 1966, Oxford University,
Press, New Delhi.
4. Basu D.D.: Constitutional Law of India, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
5. Jain, M.P.: Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co., Nagpur.
6. Subba Rao, GCV.: Indian Constitutional Law, Eastern Books Company, Lucknow.
7. Tope T.K.: Constitutional Law of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.
8. Shiva Rao B.: The Framing of India’s Constitution (in 5 volumes), Indian Institute of Public
Admn., New Delhi.
9. Seervai, H.M.: Constitutional Law of India (in 3 volumes), M.M. Tripathi, Bombay.
10. Constituent Assembly Debates (5 books) - Official report, Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi.
SUBJECT: CONSTITUTIONALITY: PLURALISM AND FEDERALISM
LLM IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Module I: Introduction to the Constitution and Constitutional Law (4 class hours)
Historical background to the Making of the Constitution of India
Constituent Assembly and the Passing of the Constitution
The Objectives Resolution and the Preamble to the Constitution of India
Elucidating Key Concepts-
‘Sovereign Socialist Secular’ ‘Democratic Republic’
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‘Separation of Powers’
‘Rule of Law’
Module II: The Three Wings of Government (6 class hours)
Legislature: Structure of Parliament and State Legislatures, Mode of Election,
Parliamentary Procedures, Voting, Powers and Functions- (Article 79-122, 148-151)
Executive: Structure of Union and State Governments, Cabinet, Powers and Functions
of PM / CM(Article 52-78, 123)
Judiciary: Structure of the Courts, Jurisdiction, Appointment of Judges, Supreme
Court as the Final Interpreter of the Constitution, Powers and Functions(Article 124-
147, 214-227)
Module III: Federalism under the Indian Constitution: a Moduleary Model (6 class hours)
Federalism: Meaning, Scope and Concepts
Is India a true federation? Rationale behind Moduleary nature.
Separation of Powers- conceptual analysis, comparison with US model
Legislative Relations between Union and State(Article 245-256)
Financial Relations between Union and State(Article 265-28
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Principles of Interpretation:
Territorial Nexus
Plenary Powers and Non-obstante clause
Harmonious Construction and Pith and Substance
Residuary Power
Repugnancy- Direct Conflict, Occupied Field and Intended Occupation
[Cases- State of WB v UOI, State of WB v CPDR, GVK Industries v. UOI, Gujarat Univ. v.
Krishna, Prafulla Kumar v. Bank of Commerce, Khulna, State of Rajasthan v. G. Chawla, UOI v.
Harbhajan Singh Dhillon, Hoechst Pharmaceuticals v. State of Bihar, Deep Chand v. State of UP,
Zaveribhai v. State of Bombay, M ..Karunanidhi v. UOI]
Module IV: Judiciary and its Independence (Article 124-147, 214-227) (6 class hours)
Independence of Judiciary: why so crucial?
Transfer of Judges
Judicial Review- HC powers of Superintendence u/A. 226., Supervision u/A. 227,
Jurisdictions of the SC, Review and Curative Petition, Supreme Court as a Court
of Record- Contempt Power
[Cases-State of Karnataka v UOI, State of Rajasthan v UOI, Pritam Singh v State,
Rupa Hurra v Ashoke Hurra, Delhi Judicial Service Assn.]
Module V: Executive and its Discretion (6 class hours)(Article 52-78, 123)
President as the ‘nominal head’ of the Executive
‘Aid and advice of the council of ministers’-Discretionary Powers of the President
and Governors
o [Cases: Ram Jawaya Kapoor, UNR Rao, Shamsher Singh]
Powers of Pardon
o [Cases: Maru ram, Kehar Singh, Swaran Singh, Epuru Sudhakar]
Legislative Power of the Executive
o [Cases: AK Roy, DK Wadhwa]
Module VI: Amendment to the Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine (6 class hours)
Understanding A. 368 ‘Procedure to Amend’ to ‘Power to Amend’ Impact of 24
th and 25
th Amendments
42nd
Amendment and the A. 368
Evolution of Basic Structure Doctrine- Case Analysis
Pre-Keshavananda Bharati[Cases: Shankari Prasad, Sajjan Singh, IC
Golaknath]
Keshavananda Bharati
Post-Keshavananda Bharati [Indira Gandhi, Minerva Mills, Waman Rao,
Nagaraj, IR Coelho]
Module VII: Emergency Provisions (6 class hours)
Proclamation of Emergency under A. 352 Instances and Debates
Changes introduced by the 44th
Amendment
Impact on Fundamental Rights- ADM Jabalpur v. Shiv Kant Shukla
President’s Rule under A. 356
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Instances and Debates
Judicial Review
Impact of Sarkaria Commission Recommendations
[Cases- State of Rajasthan, SR Bommai, Rameshwar Prasad]
Financial Emergency under A. 360
Bare Acts:
The Constitution of India
Suggested Readings:-
1. M.P.Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur
2. V.N.Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow
3. Granville Austin, Indian Constitution-Cornerstone of a Nation, OUP, New Delhi
4. H.M.Seervai, Constitutional Law of India (in 3 Volumes), N.M.Tripathi, Bombay
5. G.C.V.Subba Rao, Indian Constitutional Law, S.Gogia & Co., Hyderabad
SUBJECT: ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE
The course is designed to be administered to the students of Criminal Law who have completed their basic
courses on substantive and procedural aspects. Therefore this course would concentrate on an in depth study
and analysis of some of the major areas of concern as far as the Criminal Justice Administration in India is
concerned. In the philosophical backdrop of human rights and justice, the course will survey key components
of Indian Criminal Justice system providing adequate inputs on the practical realities and challenges in order to
equip students to effectively pursue a career in criminal litigation.
At the end of the course the students should be able to-
1. Understand in depth the role of each component in the administration of criminal justice
2. Understand the relevance of human rights in criminal law and criminal procedure
3. Identify and critically analyze the challenges faced by criminal justice administration in India
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4. Provide thoughtful insights concerning the holistic issues concerning criminal justice administration in India
TEACHING- LEARNING METHODOLOGY
As per credit hours allotted to the subject there will be 4 classes per week. Teaching Methodology will
include Lecture-cum- discussion, Assignments, Projects, and Presentations.
THE EVALUATION SCHEME
Continuous Assessment. 30 %
Project 20 %
End Term 50 %
TOTAL 100%
COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE I INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION
Components of Criminal Justice Administration
- Police
- Prosecution
- Criminal Courts
- Prison and Correctional system
Constitutional and Human rights
- Fair trial
- Right against self-incrimination
- Double jeopardy
- Presumption of innocence, standard of proof and burden of proof
Recommended Readings-
Books-
1. K.N.Chandrsekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’sCriminal Procedure, (5th Edn., 2008)
2. K.N.Chandrsekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’sLectures on Criminal Procedure, (5th Edn., 2008)
3. M.P Jain, Indian Constitutional Law (5thEdn, 2009), Lexis Nexis
4. K.I. Vibhute, Criminal Justice: A human rights perspective of the Criminal Justice Process in India,
(1stEdn., 2004) EBC.
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5. Herbert L. Packer, The Limits of the Criminal Sanction, Staford University Press (1968)
Cases
1. Woolmington v. DPP, [1935] UKHL 1 (Burden of proof)
2. ShivajiSahabraoBobadev. State of Maharashtra, (1973) 2 SCC 793 (Burden of proof)
3. Kali Ram v. State of H.P, 1973 SCC (Cri) 1048 (Burden of proof)
4. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597 (Procedure established by law)
5. People’s Union for Civil Rights v. Union of India, 2003 (10) SCALE 967
6. Iqbal Sodawalav. State of Maharashtra, (1975) 3 SCC 140 (relevance of procedural law)
7. Ram Chander v. State of Haryana, 1981 SCC (Cri) 683 (role of trial judge)
8. Selvi v. State of Karnataka, 2010 (7) SCC 263 (self-incrimination)
9. Khatri II v. State of Bihar, (1981) 1 SCC 627
10. Sukhdev v. State of Punjab, 1985 Cri LJ (P&H )1739 (independence of criminal courts)
Articles
1. Griffiths, “Ideology in Criminal Procedure or a Third Model of the Criminal Process” 79 YLJ 359(1970).
2. P.N. Bhagwati, “Human Rights in the Criminal Justice System” 27 JILI1(1985).
3. Dr K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, Burden of Proof in Criminal Cases and the Supreme Court; New
Trends, (2003) 8 SCC (Jour) 49
4. A.Lakshminath, Criminal Justice in India: Primitivism to post-modernism, 2006 JILI 48 (1) 26
5. K. Sreedhar Rao, Criminal Justice System: Required Reforms, 2001 JILI 143 (2) 155
6. S.N Sharma, Towards crime control model, 2007JILI 49 (4) 543
7. William J. Stuntz, The Uneasy Relationship between Criminal Procedure and Criminal Justice, The
Yale Law Journal, Vol. 107, No. 1 (Oct., 1997), pp. 1-76
8. R. Deb, Reforms in Criminal Law : Some Suggestions,
9. UshaRamnathan, Crime and Punishment, Seminar available at http://www.india-
seminar.com/2006/557/557%20usha%20ramanathan.htm
10. UpendraBaxi, Notes on holocaustian politics, available at http://www.india-
seminar.com/2002/513/513%20upendra%20baxi.htm
11. ShantonuSen, Pol ice , Public and Prosecut ion, Seminar available at ht tp:/ /www.india -
seminar .co m/1999/483/483%20shantonu%20sen.htm
Reports
1. Report of the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System, Government of India, Ministry of
Home Affairs (2003)
2. 37th Report of the Law Commission of India, 1967
3. 154th Report of the Law Commission of India, 1996
MODULE II PRE-TRIAL CRIMINAL PROCESS
Crime prevention and policing
Reporting of crime
- Complaint, FIR and NCR
- Crime reporting in India and Crime statistics
Custodial torture in India
- Law of arrest
Rights of arrested persons
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Arrest of women
Detention and custody (police custody and judicial custody)
- Law of confession- safeguards
Bail in India; Anti poor?
- Bail in bailable offences and non-bailable offences
- Anticipatory bail
- Right to bail u/s 436 & 436A
- Power of higher courts to grant bail in non-bailable offences
Recommended Readings-
Books
1. K.N.Chandrsekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’sCriminal Procedure, (5th Edn., 2008)
2. K.N.Chandrsekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’sLectures on Criminal Procedure, (5th Edn., 2008)
3. M.P Jain, Indian Constitutional Law (5thEdn, 2009), Lexis Nexis
4. K.I. Vibhute, Criminal Justice: A human rights perspective of the Criminal Justice Process in India,
(1stEdn., 2004) EBC.
5. Surendra Malik and Sudeep Malik, Supreme Court on Bail, Anticipatory Bail and Quashment (2011
Edn. EBC)
Cases
1. State of Rajasthan v Balchand, AIR 1977 SC 2447 (Bail)
2. Moti Ram and Ors. v State of M.P, AIR 1978 SC 1594 (Bail)
3. Maneka Gandhi v Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 571 (Fair trial)
4. HussainaraKhatoon and others v. Home Sec, State of Bihar, AIR 1979 SC 1360 (Fair trial)
5. Joginder Kumar v. State of U.P. (1994) 4 SCC 260 (Police reforms)
6. NandiniSundar v State of Chattisgarh, available atindiankanoon.org/doc/920448/(arming the local communities
with police powers)
7. State of Orissa v. Sharat Chandra Sahu(1996) 6 SCC 435 210 (Police Investigation)
8. MadhuBalav. Suresh Kumar (1997) 8 SCC 476 (Police Investigation)
9. Dilip K. Basuv. State of West Bengal (1997)6 SCC 642 (Rights of arrested persons)
10. State of Haryana v. Dinesh Kumar (2008) 3 SCC 222 (Rights of arrested persons)
Articles
1. N R MadhavaMenon, Police reform: The imperative for efficiency in criminal justice available at
http://www.article2.org/mainfile.php/0103/31/
2. Flavia Agnes, The Law and its Implimentation: Criminal Law. P. 187-188. In Violence Against Women:
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Women Against Violence edited by ShirinKudchedkar and Sabiha Al-Issa. Delhi: Pencraft International, 1998
3. P.S Bawa, Urban Policing, Seminar, available at http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/483/483%20bawa.htm
4. VedMarwah, A citizen friendly force?, http://www.india-seminar.com/1999/483/483%20ved%20marwah.htm
5. K.N. ChandrasekharanPillai , Women and Criminal Procedure by. P. 161-172. In Engendering Law: Essays in
Honour of LotikaSakar edited by AmitaDhanda and ArchanaParashar. Lucknow: Eastern, 1999.
6. Dr. Rajeev Dhavan, Bail: A Fundamental Right available at http://pilsarc.blogspot.in/2011/11/bail-
fundamental-right-by-dr-rajeev.html
7. K.N.C Pillai, Criminal Investigation in India –Human Rights Perspective, Vol. 48 : 3 JILI (2006) 435
MODULE III POST-TRIAL
Sentencing
- Sentence hearing
- Sentencing policy and judicial discretion
Plea-bargaining
- Constitutional validity
- Limitations in India
Probation
Recommended Readings-
Books
Books-
1. K.N.Chandrsekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’sCriminal Procedure, (5th Edn., 2008)
2. K.N.Chandrsekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’sLectures on Criminal Procedure, (5th Edn., 2008)
3. Essays on the Indian Penal Code - Prof. K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai &ShabistanAquil, Indian Law Institute
(2005)
4. K.I. Vibhute, Criminal Justice: A human rights perspective of the Criminal Justice Process in India,
(1stEdn., 2004) EBC.
Cases
1. Brandy v. United States, 379 US 742 (1970) (Plea bargaining)
2. MurlidharMeghrajLoyat v. State of Maharashtra, 1976 AIR 1929, (Plea bargaining)
3. Md. Munna v. Union of India (UOI) and Ors., AIR2005SC3440v(meaning of imprisonment for life)
4. JagmohanSinghv.StateofUttarPradesh, AIR 1973 SC 947 (Constitutionality of death penalty)
5. RajendraPrasad v. State of U.P,(1979) 3 SCC 646 (Constitutionality of death penalty)
6. BachanSingh v. State of Punjab,AIR 1980 SC 898 (rarest of rare)
7. Machi Singhv. State of Punjab,AIR 1983SC 957 (rarest of rare)
8. RavindraTrimbackChouthmalv. StateofMaharashtra,(1996) 4 SCC 148 (rarest of rare)
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9. SwamiShraddanandav. State of Karnataka, AIR 2008 SC 3040 (rarest of rare)
10. State of M.P. v. Munna Choubey 2005 (2) SCC 712, (Proportionality of sentence)
Articles
1. Pande, B.B “Murder most foul, though not rarest of rare” (1996) 5 SCC Jour 1
2. Balwant Singh, “Decision of Supreme Court in Naib Singh v. State of Punjab: A critique” 38 JILI (1996)
3. K. N. Chandrasekharan Pillai &JyotiDograSood, “Supreme Court : In Retrospect and Prospect” 48
JILI 19 (2006).
4. BaxiUpendra, Clemency, Erudition and Death: The Judicial Discourse in Kehar Singh. JILI Vol 30(4).
Reports
1. Report of the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System, Government of India, Ministry of
Home Affairs (2003)
2. 142nd Report of the Law Commission of India
3. 154th Report of the Law Commission of India
4. 177th Reports of the Law Commission of India
5. India: Lethal Lottery – The death penalty in India: A study of Supreme Court judgments in death
penalty cases 1950-2006 (2 May 2008), Amnesty International available at
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA20/007/2008/en
6. Law Commission of India, Report No. 35 on “Capital Punishment” (1967)
7. Law Commission of India, Report No. 39 on “The punishment of imprisonment for life under the Indian
Penal Code” (1969)
8. Law Commission of India, Report No 187 on “Mode of execution of death Sentence and incidental
matters”(2003)
MODULE IV JUVENILE JUSTICE
- Historical perspective
- Main features of Juvenile Justice (Care and protection) Act, 2000
- Crucial issues
Relevant date for the applicability of the Act
Applicability of the Act to pending cases
Applicability of the Act in special offence
Books
1. VedKumari, Juvenile Justice System in India; From Welfare to Rights, (2ndEdn. 2011) Oxford
University Press
1. Whi
2. Jayasinghv. State by Inspector of Police, Date of Judgment, February 15, 2008; available at
http://www.judis.nic.in/supremecourt/helddis3.aspx
3. Madan Singh v. State of Bihar, (2004) 4 SCC 622 (applicability to special statutes)
4. Raj Singh v. State of Haryana, (2000) 6 SCC 759 (applicability to special statutes)
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MODULE V: WHITE COLLAR AND ORGANIZED CRIME
Nature and definition
Types of White collar crimes
Components of white collar crimes
Characteristics and activities of white collar crimes
Controlling organized crimes
NN Vohra Committee report
Corporate crime
Reading Material:
3. Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 31 Edition, Oxford
UnivPres, New York 2002, pp. 844 - 871
4. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 711 Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 384-409
Case Laws:
• Provident Investment Company v. Income Tax Commissioner, AIR 1954 Bom. 95
• C. S. Bansal v. Delhi Administration, (1963) 2 Cr. LJ 439 (SC)
• R. K. Garg v. Union of India, (1981) 133 ITR 239
• R. S. Nayak v. A. R. Antulay, AIR 1984 SC 684
• P. V. Narsimharao v. State, AIR 1998 SC 2001
MODULE VI VICTIMS AND WITNESSES
- Victim compensation
- Hostile witnesses and witness protection programs
Recommended Readings-
Books
1. K.I. Vibhute, Criminal Justice: A human rights perspective of the Criminal Justice Process in India,
(1stEdn., 2004) EBC
Cases
1. Brindavan Sharma v. State, CRL.A. 927/2002 of Delhi High Court.
2. PalaniappaGounder v State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1977 1323 (victim compensation)
3. Bhuperndar Singh v State of M.P, I (2005) DMC 831 (victim compensation)
4. NilabatiBehra v State of Orissa, (1993 ) 2 SCC746
5. RudulSah v State of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 141
6. Bodhi SattaGautam v SubhraChakraborty, AIR 1996 SC 922
7. RavikantPatil v DG Police, 1990 ACJ 1060
8. SAHELI v Commissioner of Police, AIR 1990 SC 513
9. State vs. Siddhartha Vashisht @ Manu Sharma, 2008 INDLAW SC 846(witness protection) 10. ZahiraHabibullah Sheikh vs. State of Gujarat, 2004 INDLAW SC 408(witness protection)
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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Articles
1. R.K Bag, Perspectives in Victimology in Context of Criminal Justice System, 1999 JILI 41(1) 78
2. K.N. Chandrasekharan Pillai, Victims of both Crime and Punishment: Delhi High Court’s Attempt to
make Law Humane, 2007 JILI 554
MODULE VII PRISONS AND CORRECTIONAL
SYSTEMS
Problems in prisons
Prisoner’s rights
Open prisons
Alternatives to imprisonment
Recommended Readings-
Books
1. K.I. Vibhute, Criminal Justice: A human rights perspective of the Criminal Justice Process in India,
(1stEdn., 2004) EBC.
Cases
1. KewalPati (Smt.) v. State of U.P (1995) 3SCC 600
2. ParmanandKatara v. Union of India (1995) 3SCC 248
3. State of Punjab v. Jagirider Singh, (1990) 2SCC 661
4. NilabatiBehra v State of Orissa, (1993 ) 2 SCC746
5. RudulSah v State of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 141
Articles
1. BaxiUpendra, 'Bringing Judas Back to the Last Supper: The Tasks of Republican criminology in
Service of Globalization,' in Rani DhavanSankardass (ed.) Prison and Punishment: Indian and
International Perspectives, 261-343 (New Delhi, Sage)
2. UpendraBaxi, How Charles Shobhraj became a champion of Prisoner’s rights, Telegraph May 8, 1986
available at
http://upendrabaxi.net/documents/How%20sobhraj%20became%20a%20champion%20of%20prisoner
s%20rights.pdf
3. BaxiUpendra, Non-Criminal Lunatics in Prisons- The twilight of Human rights in India, available at
http://upendrabaxi.net/documents/Non-
criminal%20lunatice%20in%20prisons%20twilight%20of%20hu man%20righ ts%20in%20ind.pdf
MODULE VIII: INDIVIDUAL APPROACHES TO
CRIME
PART 1 – BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM
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Classical Theories of Criminology
CesareBeccaria, Jeremy Bentham
Neo Classical Perspectives
Rossi, Garraud, Joly
Biological Trait Theory
Cesare Lombroso, RafaeleGarafelo, Enrico Ferri
Recommended Readings:
4. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7th Edition, Wadsworth Pub., Australia 1999, pp. 146-155
5. Roger Hopkins Burke, An Introduction to Criminological Theory, 1st Edition, Lawman India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi 2001, Chapter 5 pp. 54 - 76
6. Clive Coleman & Clive Norris, Introducing Criminology, 1st Edition, WillianPub., USA 2000, pp
26-54
Articles:
3. M. S. Hoghughi and A. R. Forrest, Eysenck's Theory of Criminality: An Examination with
Approved School Boys, Vol. 10 British Journal of Criminology (1970), p. 240
4. R. O. Pihl, Hair Element Levels of Violent Criminals, Vol. 27 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
(1982), p. 533
Case Laws:
• Bachchan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898
• Bachan Singh, Sher Singh &Anr., and Ujagar Singh &Anr. V. State of Punjab &Ors.,
AIR 1982 SC 1325
MODULE IX - GLOBAL CRIMES
• Controlling Transnational Crime
• War Crimes
• Terrorism
• International Law and Crime
Recommended Readings:
3. Harry R. Dammer and Erika Fairchild, Comparative Criminal Justice Systems, 3rd Edition, Wadsworth/Thomas Learning, Belmont California, 2006
4. Francis Pakes, Comparative Criminal Justice, Willan Pub., Cullompton, 2003
Articles:
3. M. Vadanis, The Terrorism Exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: Forward Leaning
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Legislation or Just Bad Law, 5 UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affair, 2000, pp. 199-201 4. E.S. Kopelman, Ideology and International Law: The Dissent of the Indian Justice at the Tokyo War
Crimes Trial, 23 NYUJ, Journal of International Law and Policy, 1991 p. 37
MODULE X: CHAIN OF CUSTODY OF EVIDENCE
Crime Scene
Chain of Custody of Evidence
Recommended Readings:
Dr. BR Sharma, Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, Universal Law Publishing Company,
India.
MODULE XI: CYBER CRIMES AND BANK FRAUDS
Internet related crimes
Credit card frauds and bank frauds
RBI Guidelines on credit card frauds
Skimming, site cloning, hacking and other computer crimes
Recommended Readings:
1.JusticeYatindra Singh, Cyber Laws, Jain Publications, India, 5th Edition
2. Dr. BR Sharma, Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, Universal Law Publishing Company,
India.
3. Karnika Seth, Computers Internet and New Technology Laws, 2013, Lexis Nexis, 2013.
Cases:
Dilip Kumar Tulsi Das Shah v. Union of India, [ WP (C ) No. 97] of 2013
GENERAL REFERENCES
Statutes-
1. The Indian Penal Code, 1860
2. The Prisons Act, 1894.
3. The Prisoners Act, 1900.
4. The Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920.
5. Constitution of India, 1950
6. The Transfer of Prisoners Act, 1950.
7. The Representation of People‟s Act, 1951.
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8. The Prisoners (Attendance in Courts) Act, 1955.
9. The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958.
10. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
11. The Mental Health Act, 1987.
12. The Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection) Act, 2000.
13. The Repatriation of Prisoners Act, 2003.
14. Model Prison Manual (2003).
15. Information Technology Act, 2000.
Books-
1. RAO & RAO, The Law Of Pre-Trial Statements Depositions & Police Diaries, 3rdEdn, Wadhwa
2. RAO & RAO, Criminal Trial-Fundamentals and Evidentiary aspects, 4thEdn. Wadhwa.
Periodicals
1. Annual Survey of Indian Law, ILI, New Delhi (1965-2009 )
2. Journal of Indian Law Institute
Websites/Blogs
1. bprd.nic.in
2. http://lawandotherthings.blogspot.in/
3. http://www.prisonstudies.org/
SUBJECT: COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW & JUDICIAL PROCESS
INTRODUCTION
The uniqueness of any Constitution written or unwritten, is that it is usually a product of independence achieved
through hard struggle against existing systems of governance and its values. Therefore, a constitution is a reflection
of aspirations, needs and values of the people. This imparts it as status of a fundamental document on which people
base their dominant institutions of governance. As states differ in their ideologies, so their constitutions.
Constitutions though not immutable but are expected to survive a longer period of time. Generality of a Constitution
and creativity of the judiciary makes it survive, besides sagacity of the people.
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Comparative Constitutional law and judicial process as a subject is a study of these values and institutions which,
major jurisdictions have adopted in contemporary world. This course attempts to achieve its objectives through
study of major constitutions of the world with special emphasis on Constitutions of India, UK, USA, and EU and
also with reference to the Constitutions of Germany and France.
OBJECTIVES
• To compare the specificity of different constitutions.
• To study, analyze and understand — contemporary and conventional constitutional issues.
• To appreciate the provisions of these different constitutions through specific case studies.
• To understand the constitutional value, concepts, concerns, challenges and institutions as reflected in the
various constitutions.
TEACHING METHODOLOGY
As per the norms of the university there will be 4 theory classes per week. Teaching Methodology will include
Lecture-cum-case discussion, Assignments/ Projects and Presentations.
EVALUATION SCHEME
• Continuous Assessment 30%
• Project + Presentations 20%
• End Term 50
DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR LAW PAPERS IN SEMESTER III
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COURSE OUTLINE
MODULE I: INTRODUCTION
• The concept of the ‘Constitution'
• Different States and special features of their Constitution
• Need for Comparative Constitutional law
• The concepts of —'Meta- constitution', Due Process, Judicial review, Rule of law,
Separation of Power, Supremacy of Parliament
Readings:
1. M. P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, (Wadhwa & Wadhwa, Nagpur, 2002)
2. Wade, Constitutional Fundamentals, Hamlyn Lectures (Stevens & Sons, London, 1989)
3. Khilani, Raghvan, Thiruvengadan, Comparative Constitutionalism in South Asia, (Oxford Publishers
2013)
4. H. M. Seervai, A Critical Commentary on Constitutional Law of India, (Universal Law Publishing, Delhi,
1997)
5. V. Dicey, Law of the Constitution, (Universal Law Publishing, Delhi, 2001)
6. Durga Das Basu, Human Rights in Constitutional Law, (Wadhwa & Wadhwa, Nagpur, 2003).
7. V Ramaraj, 'Four Modules of Due Process', 2 Int 7 J. Const. L. 492
8. Allen, T.R.S (2001) 'Constitutional Justice: A liberal theory of Rule of Law' (Oxford University Press:
Oxford)
9. Allen, T.R.S. (1993) 'Law, Liberty and Justice: Legal Foundations of British Constitutionalism' (Oxford:
Clarendon Press)
10. Peele, G (2002), The US Supreme Court, Politicians in Disguise? Politics Review, April 8,2002.
Cases:
1. Keshvanand Bharti v. UOI, AIR 1973 SC 1461
2. Indira Nehru Gandhi v Raj Narain, 1975 Supp Sec
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MODULE II: FUNDAMENTALS OF THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION
• Political Structure
- Legislature
- Executive
- Judiciary
• Separation of Powers
• Amendment of the Constitution
• Judicial Review
• Commerce Clause, Supremacy Clause, Takings Clause, Equality Clause, First Amendment -Establishment
Clause & Free Speech
• Judicial Set up- Powers and jurisdiction of the courts
• State Action-Need of a change in light of globalization
• Contemporary Issues - Abortion, Substantive Due Process, Flag Burning, Right to Die, Rights of unpopular
minorities
Readings
1. Lawrence H Tribe, Constitutional Choices, (Universal Law Publishing, Delhi, 2003)
2. "Free Speech'Adjudication in US and UK", 54ICLQ
3. 06* Senate Document 2d Session No. 10627, The Constitution of USA Analysis and Interpretation
4. William N. Eskridge, Jr. "United States: Lawrence v. Texas and the imperative of comparative
constitutionalism " 2 Int J Constitutional Law 555
5. Flag Burning, 43 Brandeis L. J. 597.
Cases
1. Marbury v, Madison, 5 US 137 (1803)
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44
2. Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 US 186 (1986)
3. Romer v. Evans, 517 US 620 (1996)
4. Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 US 640 (2000)
5. Cruzan v. Missouri Dept. of Health, 497 US 261 (1990)
6. Washington v. Gluckherg, 521 US 702 (1997)
7. Lee v. Weisman, 505 US 577 (1992)
8. Roe v. Wade, 410 US 113 (1973)
10. New York Times v. O'Sullivan, 376 US 254 (1964)
11. Printz v. US, 512 US 898 (1997)
12. Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, 517 US 484 (1996)
13. Brown vs. Board of Education, (1954) 347 US 483 •
14. Kelo vs. City of New London, 125 $CT 2655 (2005)
15. Elk Grove United School District vs. Newdow, 542 US 2, (2004)
16. Roper vs. Simmons, 125 SC 1183 (2005)
17. McConnell vs: Federal Election Commission, 540 US 93 (2003)
MODULE III- FUNDAMENTALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM CONSTITUTION
• Political Structure
- Legislature
- Executive
- Judiciary
• Westminster form of Governance
• Parliamentary Sovereignty
• Judicial Review
• Recent changes in light of Community Laws
45
45
- Human Rights Act, 1998
- Declaration of Incompatibility
• Separation of Judiciary from the Parliament
Readings:
1. Wade & Forsyth, Administrative Law, (Oxford University Press, 2000
2. Wade, Constitutional Fundamentals. Hamlyn Lectures (Stevens & Sons, London, 1989
3. Khilani, Raghvan, Thiruvengadan, Comparative Constitutionalism in South Asia, (oxford Publishers 2013)
4. Mark ElUot^United Kingdom: Parliamentary Sovereignty underpressure". 2 Int J Constitutional l Law 545
5. Recent House of Lords Decision on Terrorism Act - Right to Torture is violative of constitutional norms.
Cases
1. X v. Sec. of State for Home Dept., [2004] UKHL 56
2. R (Quintvalle) vs. Secretary' of State of Health [2002] 2 WLR 550
3. M VHome Office (1994) 1 AC 377
4. Council of Civil Senice Union vs. Minister of Civil Services (1985) AC 374
5. Anisminic Ltd. Vs. Compensation Tribunal'-(1969) 2 AC 14.
MODULE 4: MAJOR SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN THE
CONTEMPORARY WORLD
• Political and Judicial Review
- Centralized and Decentralized Judicial Review
46
46
- Incidents and Principles of Judicial Review
(Reference will be made to the constitutions of France and Germany)
• Judicial Activism
• Judicial Review of Constituent powers of the State
• Contemporary problems of Judicial review
- Judicial bias
- Judicial overreach and resultant conflict '
- Limits of Judicial review
• Concept of Judicial self-restraint
• Binding nature of judicial Review
Readings:
1. Benjamin Cardozo, The Nature of Judicial Process, 1921 Yale University Press
2. Thomas M, Keck, The Most Activist Supreme Court in Histoiy: The Road to Modern Judicial Conservatism,
University of Chicago Press, 2004
3. Mark Levin, Men in Black: How the Supreme Court is destroying America (Regnery Publishing, 2005)
4. Herbert Wechsler, Principles Polities and Fundamental Law (Harvard University Press, 1961)
5. A.G. Noorani, Constitutional Questions and Citizen's Rights, Oxford University Press, 2006
6. Upendra Baxi, TowardsaSociology of Law (\9&6)
7. D. Conrad, Basic Structure of the Constitutional Principles, 3 Law and Justice, 99 (1996)
8. Khilani, Raghvan, Thiruvengadan, Comparative Constitutionalism in South Asia, (oxford Publishers 2013)
Cases:
1. Marbury vs. Madison, 5 US 137il 803)
2. Dred Scott v Sanford, 60 US 393 (1857)
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47
3. Plessyvs. Ferguson, 5 US 537 (1896)
4. Brown vs. Board of Education, 347 US (1954)
5. Keshvanand Bharti vs. State of Kerala (1913) 4 SCC 225
6. L. Chandra Kumar vs. Union of India (1997) 3 SCC 225
7. M. Nagarqj vs. Union of India (2006) 8 SCC 261
8. I.R. Coelho vs. State of T.N. (2007) 2 SCC 1
9. Ashok Kumar vs. Union of India (2003) 6 SCC 1
10. Anisminic Ltd vs. Foreign Compensation Commission, (1969) 2 AC 147
11. Associate Provincial Picture Houses Ltd vs. Wednesbury Corporation (1948) 1 KB 223
12. Council of Civil Sendees Union vs. Minister of Civil Services, (1985) AC 374
13. R v Ottew (2001) 2 ALL ER 154
14. R (on application of Mahmood) vs. Secretary of State for the Home Department (2001) 1 WLR 840
15. Rose (2) EM'(I) vs. State for Health (I) Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, Lawtel, 26* July 2002
MODULE V - JUDICIAL PROCESS IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD
• Court Structure
• Appointment of Judges
• Removal of Judges
• Accountability of Judges
• Judicial Standards
Readings:
1. Rajeev Dhawan and Alice Jacob, Selection and Appointment of Supreme Court Judge, (1970) ILI
2. M.P. Singh, 'Merit' in the Appointment of Judges, (1999) 8 SCC (J) 1
3. M.P.Singh, Securing Independence of Judiciary - Indian Experience, 10 Indiana International and Comparative
Law Rev 245 (2000)
4. H.M. Seervai, Constitutional Law of India, vol.3 (4* Ed, 1991 -96) p
5. Justice P. Jagmohan Reddy, We hcive a Republic: Can we keep it? Sri Venkateshwara University, Tirupati
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48
6. K.S. Hegde, Crisis In Indian Judiciary, Sindhu Publication, 1973
7. Raoul Burger, Impeachment: The Constitutional Problems, Harvard University Press, 1973
8. Setalvad, My Life, Law and Other Things, N.M. Tripathi Pvt Ltd, 1971
9. Benjamin N. Cardozo, The Nature of Judicial Process, Yale University Press, 1921
10. Sedely, Sir S. (1994) Governments, Constitutions and Judges (eds.) Administrative Law and Government
Action (Oxford University Press).
11. Khilani, Raghvan, Thiruvengadan, Comparative Constitutionalism in South Asia, (oxford Publishers
2013)
Cases:
1. S.P. Gupta vs. Union Of India, 1981 Supp SCC 739
2. S C Advocate-on-Record Association v Union of India, (1993) 4 SCC 44
3. Presidential Reference, In re (1998) 7 SCC 739
4. Sub-Committee on Judicial Accountability vs. Union of India, (1991) 4 SCC 699
5. Sarojini Ramaswami vs. Union of India, (1992) 4 SCC 506
MODULE VI: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS
European Union Constitution: Leading towards EU Federation.
Human Rights
Terrorism and Armed Conflicts
Constitution in globalised world
Readings:
1. Dieter Grimm, 'Integration by Constitution', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 193
2. J. H. H. Weiler, 'On the power of the word: Europe's Constitutional iconography' 3 Int J Constitutional Law 173
3. Neil walker, 'Europe's constitutional momentum and the search for polity legitimacy’ 3 Int J Constitutional Law 239
4. Andras Sajo, 'Constitution without the constitution moment: A view from the new member states' 3 Int J Constitutional
Law 239
5. Ran Hirschl,-'Preserving hegemony? Assessing the political origins of the EU Constitution momentum' 1 Int J
Constitutional Law 269
6. Armin von Bogdandy, 'The European Constitution and European identity: Text and subtext of the treaty establishing a
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49
constitution for Europe', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 295
7. Michel Rosenfeld, 'The European treaty - constitution and constitutional identity: A view from America', 3 Int J
Constitutional Law 3 1 6 .
8. Miguel Poiares Maduro, 'The importance of being called a constitution: Constitutional authority and the authority of
constitutionalism', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 332
9. Gianluigi Palombella, 'Whose Europe? After the constitution: A goal based citizenship', I Int J Constitutional Law 357
10. Otto Pfersmann, 'The new version of the old constitution', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 283
11. Paul Craig, 'European Governance: Executive and administrative powers under the new constitutional
settlement', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 407
12. George A. Bermann, 'Executive Power in the new European Constitution', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 440
13. Damian Chalmers, 'Judicial Authority and the constitutional treaty', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 448
14. Mattias Kumm and Victor Ferreres Cornelia, 'The Primacy Clause of the Constitutional treaty and die future of
constitutional conflict in me European Union', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 448
15. Franz C. Mayer, 'Competence-reloaded? The vertical division of powers in the EU and the new European constitution',
3 Int J Constitutional Law 493
16. Gerven, 'Remedies for infringement of fundamental rights', Vol. 10 European Public Law Issue 2 P- 261
17. William F. Chinnock, Mark P. Painter, 'The Law of Contempt of Court in Ohio' [34 U. Tol. L. fov.309]
18. Bobde, 'Scandalising the Court', (2003) 8 SCC (Jour) 32
19. T. R. Andhyarujina 'Scandalising the Court - Is it obsolete?', (2003) 4 SCC (Jour) 12
20. Samuel Issacharoff and Richard H. Pildes, 'Emergency contexts without emergency powers: The united States
Constitutional approach to rights during wartime', 3 Int J Constitutional Law 334
21. Stone Geoffrey, 'Free speech in World War II: When are you going to indict the seditionists' 3 Int J Constitutional Law
334
22. Gordon Silverstein, 'Globalization and the rule of law: "A Machine that runs of itself?'" I Int J Constitutional Law
427
Cases:
1. Guantanamo Detainee Case 355 F.Supp 2"d 443 (D.D.C, 2005)
2. PUCL v. VOI, AIR 2004 SC 456; (2204) 9 SCC 580
3. Gherebi vs. Bush, 374 F727 (9* Cir, 2004)
4. Hamdi Case 542 US 507 (2004)
5. Karamatsuvs. WS, 323 US 214 (1944)
6. R. v. Gray, (1900) 2 Q.B. 36,40
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7. C. Ravichandran Iyer v. Justice A. M. Bhattacharjee, (1995) 5 SCC 457
8. R. v. Minister of Labour ex p National Trade Defence Assn., (1931) 47 TLR 364
9. Ambard v. AG of Trinidad & Tobago, 1936 AC 322-355 (PC)
10. Re: Vinay Chandra Mishra, AIR 1995 SC 2348
11. Bathina Ramakrishna Reddy v. State of Madras, 1952 SCR 425
12. Perspective Publications (P) Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra, (1969) 2 SCR 779
13. Article 143 of the Constitution of India, In Re, AIR 1965 SC 745, 791
14. Dr. Subramanian Swamy v. Rama Krishna Hegde, 2000 (10) SCC 331
15. Dr. S. C. Saxena v. Hon’ble the Chief Justice of India, 1996 (5) SC 216
MODULE- VII STATE AND RELIGION IN CONTEMPORARY CONSTITUTIONALISM.
1. Concept of Secularism
2. Religion and State in USA Constitution.
3. Religion and State in British Constitution
4. Religion and State in Indian Constitution
5. Religion and State in South Asian States.
Readings:
1. Comparitive Constituonalism in South Asia, edited by Sunil Khilnani,Vikram
Raghvan, Arun K. Thiruvengadam, Oxford University Press- 2013
Project Topics
1. Interrelationship of Fundamental Rights
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2. Legitimacy of the Constitution
3. Legitimacy and Obedience
4. Paradoxes of Constitutional borrowing
5. Interpretation techniques used for International Human Rights Documents
6. Contemporary and Constitutional Issues
7. Meta Constitution
8. The European Constitution and European Identity
9. Multicultural Citizenship and Constitutional norms
10. Doctrine of standing - Comparative perspectives
11. Due Process and Procedure Established by Law
12. Constitutional Amendments – Legitimacy
13. Judicial Activism
14. State and Religion
15. Secularism.
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SUBJECT: NATIONAL SECURITY, PUBLIC ORDER AND RULE OF LAW.
LLM IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
National Security, Public Order and Rule of Law
UNIT I
National Security, Public Orders and Rule of Law: Emergency Detention in England
Civil Liberties, Pre-Independence law.
UNIT II
a) Article 22 of the Constitution, Preventive Detention and Safeguards
b)Declaration of Emergency, 1962, 1965 and 1970 Emergencies, 1975 Emergency
UNIT III
a)Exceptional Legislations: COFEPOSA and other legislation to curb economic offenders,
TADA-The Draconian Law, Comments of NHRC, Special courts and Tribunals, Due
process and special legislation,
b)Martial law, Provisions in English, Provisions in the Constitution.
UNIT IV
a)Civil Liberties and Emergency: Article 19, Meaning of 'Security of State', Meaning of
'Public Order', Suspension of Article 19 Rights on Declaration of Emergency, President's
Right to suspend right to move any court, Article 21-Special importance-
its non-suspendability, Suspendability-44th Amendment.
b)Access to Courts and Emergency: Article 359-ups and downs of judicial review,
Constitution (44th) Amendment Act, 1978, Constitution (59th) Amendment Act, 1988
Suggested Readings
1. G.O.Koppell, The Emergency, The Courts and Indian
Democracy 8 JILI 287 (1966).
2. H.M.Seervai, The Emergency, Future Safeguards and the
Habeas Corpus, 1978.
3. International Commission of Jurists, Status of Emergency and
Human Rights , 1984
4. N.C.Chatterji and Parameshwar Rao, Emergency and the Law,
1966.
SUBJECT: HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER INDIAN CONSTITUTION
LLM IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Module 1 Human rights law in India
Protection of human rights in India
Supreme Court cases on human rights violation
Origin of human rights law from Indian Constitution
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Module 2 Human rights law, NHRC and SHRC
Composition of NHRC and its functions
Composition of SHRC and its functions
Module- III: Interpretation of Constitution
Law inconsistent with Fundamental Rights (Article- 13)
Meaning and Basis of Judicial Review
Conceptual analysis and comparison with US model
Application and Rules of Interpretation of Article 13
Voidness arising out of Lack of Legislative Competence Doctrine of Severability – Doctrine of Eclipse – Doctrine of waiver
Is Constitutional amendment a ‘law’ under Article- 13
[Cases- Marbury v Madison, A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, State of Bombay v Balsara, R.M.D.C v. Union of India, Bhikaji v State of M.P, Shankari Prasad v UOI, GolakNath v
State of Punjab, Kesavananda Bharti v State of Kerala]
Module- IV: Right to Equality (Article 14-18) and Right to Freedom (19-22)
Introduction
Conceptual Analysis of Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Law
Article 14 permits classification but prohibits class legislation
Test of Reasonable Classification
o [Cases- Ramkrishna Dalmia v Justice Tendulkar, E.P. Royappa v. State of
Tamil Nadu, Maneka Gandhi v UOI, R.D. Shetty v. Airport Authority]
Article 14 and Legitimate expectation
o [Cases- Council of Civil Services Unions v. Minister for the Civil Services,
Navjyoti Co-op. Group Housing Society v. UOI, FCI v M/s Kamdhenu Cattle
Feed Industries, National Building Construction Corporation v. S. Ranghu
Nattam)
Non- Discrimination on the Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth
(Article- 15)
[State of U.P v Pradeep Tandon, Dr. Priti Shrivastav v. State of M.P]
Equality of Opport Moduley in Public Employment (Article- 16) [Case: State of Kerala
v
N.M. Thomas] The Mandal Case – Position after Mandal case – Creamy Layer Concept
[Indira Sawhney v Union of India, Post Graduate Institute of Med. Ed. & Res. V.
Faculty Association, E.V. Chinnaiah v state of A.P, Ashok Kumar Thakur v. UOI, M.
Nagraj v UOI]
Reservation in Promotions (77th Amendment, 81st Amendment, 85th
Amendment)
Abolition of Untouchability (Article- 17) [case- PUDR v UOI]
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Abolition of Titles (Article- 18)
Right to Freedom (19-22)
Introduction
The Six Freedom
a. Freedom of Speech and Expression [cases- National Anthem case, Bennett
Coleman vs UOI, UOI v Navin Jindal, UOI v ADR]
b. Freedom of Assembly
c. Freedom to form Association [Cases- Dharam Dutt v UOI, O.K.A Nair v UOI,
Delhi Police Non-Gazetted Karmachari Sangh v. UOI]
d. Freedom of Movement [Cases- CPI(Marxist) v Bharat Kumar]
e. Freedom of Residence
f. Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business [P. A. Inamder v State
of Maharastra, B.R. Enterprises v State of U.P, Noise Pollution, In re ,
T.M.A.Pai Foundation v State of Karnataka
Conceptual clarity of Reasonable Restriction.
Instance of Reasonable Restrictions.
Instances of Unreasonable Restrictions.
Protection in Respect of Conviction for offences (Article 20)
Ex-post Facto law Double Jeopardy
Protection against Self-Incrimination
[Cases- Nandani Sathpathy v. P.L. Dani, Sampath Kumar v E.O. Enforcement Directorate,
Madras]
Protection of Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21): Introduction – Prior to Maneka Gandhi
Decision – Maneka Gandhi’s Case- A new Dimension – Post Maneka Gandhi Case
[Cases- A.K. Gopalan case, kharak Singh Case v State of Punjab, Maneka Gandhi v. UOI,
Francis Coralie v. Delhi Adminstration, Sunil Batra case, Hussainara Khatoon case, Olga
Tellis v Bombay Municipal Corporation, M.C Mehta v UOI, PUDR v UOI, PUCL v UOI]
Judicial Activism with Article 21
Right to Education (Article- 21A) (Cases- Mohini Jain and Unni Krishnan case v
State of A.P)
Safegaurds Against Arbitrary Arrest and Detention (Article-
22) [Cases- Joginder Kumar v State of U.P, D.K.Basu v State of
W.B]
Module-V: Right against Exploitation (Article 23-24) and Right to Freedom of Religion (Article
25-28)
Prohibition of ‘Traffic in Human Beings’ and Forced Labour
Prohibition of employement of Children in Factories
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[Cases- PUDR v UOI, Gaurav Jain v UOI, M.C Mehta v State of T.N, Bandhua Mukti
Morcha v UOI]
Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28)
India is a Secular State
Secularism meaning and respect for different Religion What is Religion
Restriction on Freedom of Religion
Freedom to manage religious affairs
Right to establish and maintain Institution for Religious and Charitable purpose
Right to manage ‘matter of Religion’
[Cases- S. R. Bommai v UOI, M. Ismail Faruqui v UOI, Bijoe Emmanuel v State of Kerala,
Bramachari Sidheswarshai v State of W.B, Aruna Roy v UOI]
Module VI: Cultural and Educational Rights (Article- 29-30)
Distinction between Article 29(2) and Article 15(1)
Relationship between Article 29(1) and 30(1)
Unaided minority educational institutions
Unni Krishnan and St. Stephen’s Decision partly overruled
[Cases- Unni Krishnan v. state of A.P, St. Stephen college v University of Delhi, Frank
Anthony Public School Employees Association v UOI, T.M.A PAI foundation v state of
Karnataka, P.A. Inamdar v State of Maharashtra]
Module VII: Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32-35)
Introduction – Who can apply – A Dynamic approach:- Origin of Public Interest
Litigation – Abuse of PIL- Guideline by Supreme Court – Judicial Activisim vis-a- vis
Judicial Restrain
[Rupa Ashok Hura v. Ashok Hura, A.B.S.K Sang (Rly) v. UOI, PUDR v. UOI, Bandhua
Mukti Morcha case, Sheela Barse v. UOI, Shiram Food and Fertilizer case, etc]
Module VIII: Directive Principle of State Policy (Article 36-51)
Introduction
Objective of DPSP
Modes of DPSP
Social and Economic Charter [cases-M.C. Mehta case I,II] Social Security Charter [Unni Krishnan Case, Centre of Legal Research v State
of Kerala]
Comm Moduley Welfare Charter [Sarala Mudgal v UOI, Danial Latif v UOI,
Relation between DPSP and FR
DPSP given status of FR
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Module IX: Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
Needs for Fundamental Duties
Sources of Fundamental Duties
Fundamental Duties- An aid to Interpretation of constitutional
Provisions [Cases- AIIMS student union v. AIIMS, Aruna Roy v UOI]
Bare Acts:
The Constitution of India
Suggested Readings:-
1. M.P.Jain, Indian Constitutional Law, Wadhwa & Co, Nagpur
2. V.N.Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow
3. Granville Austin, Indian Constitution-Cornerstone of a Nation, OUP, New Delhi
4. H.M.Seervai, Constitutional Law of India (in 3 Volumes), N.M.Tripathi, Bombay
5. G.C.V.Subba Rao, Indian Constitutional Law, S.Gogia & Co., Hyderabad