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Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital1
BSS Load: AP Loading Metric for QOS
Joe KwakInterDigital
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital2
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
TGe Load Metric: QBSS Load Actually provides three elements all relating to
load: Station Count Field, unsigned 16 bit integer
indicating total number of STAs associated Channel Utilization, 8 bit percentage of time
the QBSS detects the medium as busy Available Admission Capacity, 16 bit integer
representing amount of medium time (32usec units) available via explicit admission control
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital3
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
Problems with TGe Metrics Three metric components make comparative loading
evaluations difficult/impossible. No agreed way to combine the three variables into a
summary metric for comparison purposes among QAPs and between APs and QAPs.
Three metric components not sensitive to traffic assymetry:
High downlink loads do not affect uplink access delays since dowlink traffic is “collsion free” within AP.
Three metric components not sensitive to distribution of traffic among prioritized access categories:
Access delay for BE not indicative of load and delay expected for VO traffic.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital4
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
New Metric Definition The Medium Access Delay (MAD) metric is defined as the average
delay incurred from the time that any packet is ready for transmission (i.e. begins CSMA/CA access) to the actual packet transmission start time.
MAD is defined for each Tge access category and indicates the current loading in terms of the expected delay for any new EDCF traffic in that category.
For nonQAPs, MAD is defined for DCF traffic and indicates a summary loading in terms of the expected delay for any new DCF traffic.
AP Service Load (APSL) is defined as a summary laoding metric for either APs or QAPs.
For QAPs, APSL is the same as the MAD for the lowest priority BE access category.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital5
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
MAD Timing for Single Access
Packet from head of MAC Queue
TxRequest to PHY Tx Process
CSMA/CA
Transmit Access Delay == MAD
Packet Transmission & ACK Time (Tpacket_TxAck)
Optional ACK
ACK Received
Next Packet from head of MAC Queue
CSMA/CA ....
MAD timing calculated by MAC = Total Time - TTxAck
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital6
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
MAD Timing with RTS/CTS Access
Packet from head of MAC Queue
TxRequest for RTS to PHY Tx Process
CSMA/CA
Transmit Access Delay == MAD
RTS/CTS & Packet Transmission & ACK Time (Tpacket_TxAck)
Optional ACK
ACK Received
Next Packet from head of MAC Queue
CSMA/CA ....
MAD timing calculated by MAC = Total Time - TTxAck
RTS CTS
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital7
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
MAD Timing for Packet ReTransmissions
N
ttttMAD
sesTotalAccesNi
iiTxAckpktdelayqueuingMACqueueMACenterspktfinishedpkt
packet
0
)(_______ )(
Data Packet
Data Packet
Data Packet D BO
Media Access Delays ( MAD ) for each packet retransmission
Retry 0
Data Packet D BO
Retry 1 t pkt _ at _ head _ MAC _ queue
ACK Data Packet )
t M A C _ q u
e u i n g
_ d e l a y
Data Packet D BO Deferral ti me ( D ) Backoff ti me ( BO
Retry 2 RetryN
...
MAD _ 0 MAD _ 1 MAD _ 2 MAD _ N
)(_ iTxAckpktt )(_ iTxAckpktt)(_ iTxAckpktt )(_ iTxAckpktt
queueMACenterspktt ___
finishedpktt _
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital8
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
MAD Measurement Implemented by MAC
MAD is easily calculated for any measurement duration and for each access category.
Separate MAC queues exist for traffic in each access category.
MAC logs and timestamps queue status for each access category
MAC logs Tx/Ack time for each PHY access. InterDigital has coded this to work in MAC
using Brand A(theros) chipset.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital9
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
MAD Timing and Priority Queues
AC = VI
AC = VO
AC = BE
AC = BG
MT log
Defer log Access cntr
MT log
Defer log Access cntr
MT log
Defer log Access cntr
MT log
Defer log Access cntr
HI
LO
Access counter counts number of accesses in this access category.
TxAck Sum accumulates total time for transmit/ack of each access in this access category.
When first packet enters access category queue:
MT logs “not empty” timestamp. Defer logs “deferred” timestamp for all
lower priority queues. When last packet leaves access
category queue: MT logs “empty” timestamp. Defer logs “not deferred” timestamp
for all lower priority queues.
TxAck Sum
TxAck Sum
TxAck Sum
TxAck Sum
Prio
rity
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital10
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
MAD Calculation for AC
)(
,
0)(__
tforACaccesscounNX
TQTQtDURATION
MAD pkts
NX
i
defmtiTxAckpktPERIODTMEASUREMEN
AC
where TQmt = time during which queue for this access category is empty
and where TQdef = time during which queue for this access category is deferred to to higher priority queue
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital11
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
MAD Detects Loads at all TGe Priorities
MAD measurement at each access category include traffic loading effects from higher priority access categories which impact the performance of the measured access category.
The access delay experienced by BE traffic is impacted by the loading of higher priority access categories.
Since BE packets are lower priority than VO, VI or BG packets, the BE access delay values are sensitive to all VO, VI or BG channel loads.
While channel is busy for VO, VI or BG , BE backoff is deferred while higher priority accesses continue and thus affects the MAD measurement.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital12
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
MAD Detects Loads at all TGe PrioritiesEach beacon interval example yields same MAD result for BE traffic
BE
BE load with 20 users at rate A
1.3msec Access Delay
BEVI
BE load with 10 users at rate A
2.
50%
3msec Access Delay
BEHCF3.
75%3msec Access Delay
VI load with 10 users at rate ABE load with 5 users at rate A
VI
VO load with 5 users at rate A
VO
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital13
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
New BSS Load IE Similar to TGe QBSS Load but modified for Radio
Measurement capable APs Four component elements:
New AP Service Load (total load metric for AP) New Access Category Service Load (MAD for each of 4 ACs) Station Count Field, same as TGe Channel Utilization, same as TGe
Included in Beacons and Probe Response, like TGe Conditional inclusion of Station Count and Channel
Utilization in Beacon and Probe Response to prevent redundant information
Included as new Statistics Group in Statistics Report to provide upper layer MIB interface and radio interface
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital14
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
New AP Service Load Properties Quantized to 8 bits like RSSI & RCPI Based on MAD measurements in AP downlink during contention periods. logarithmic scaling over meaningful range Scaled so min value 1 represents 50usec (DIFS), and max value 253
represents 5.5msec covering a 20.4 db range Special values:
0 = All capacity available (no STAs associated) 254 = no capacity available (not accepting new associations) 255 = AP Service Load not available
AP measures MAD over thirty second window; accuracy of +/-200 usec specified with minimum of 200 packets in average
Combines AP loading effects of #STAs, Channel Utilization at all priorities and traffic assymetry into SINGLE metric to permit comparison
of BSS loading.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital15
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
New AP Service Load Definition
"The AP Service Load shall be a scalar indication of the relative level of service loading at an AP. A low value shall indicate more available service capacity than a higher value. The value 0 shall indicate that this AP is not currently serving any STA. The value 255 shall indicate that the AP Service Load is not available.
If dot11QoSOptionImplemented is true: the values between 0 and 254 shall be set equal to the subfield value for the Average Access Delay for the Best Effort (AADBE) within the Access Category Service Load field.
If dot11QoSOptionImplemented is false: the values between 0 and 254 shall be a logarithmically scaled representation of the average medium access delay for DCF transmitted packets measured from the time the DCF packet is ready for transmission (i.e. begins CSMA/CA access) until the actual packet transmission start time. A value of 1 shall represent a 50 us delay while a value of 253 shall represent a 5.5 ms delay or any delay greater than 5.5 ms. The value 254 shall indicate that DCF services are currently blocked. The AP shall measure and average the medium access delay for all transmit packets using DCF access mechanism over a continuos thirty second measurement window. The accuracy for the average medium access delay shall be +/- 200 usec or better when averaged over at least 200 packets.”
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital16
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
New Access Category Service Load Definition
“The Access Category (AC) Service Load field shall be included in the BSS Load only if dot11QoSOptionImplemented is true. The AC Service load field is formatted as four subfields as shown in Figure kx-2. The AC Service Load shall be a scalar indication of the Average Access Delay (AAD) at a QAP for services for each of the indicated Access Categories. A low value shall indicate shorter access delay than a higher value. If the QAP is not currently providing services at the indicated AC, the AAD for this AC shall be set equal to the AAD of the following AC (located adjacent and to the right) within the Access Category Service field. The value 0 shall indicate that this QAP is not currently providing services of the indicated AC or of any higher priority AC. The values between 0 and 254 shall be a logarithmically scaled representation of the average medium access delay for transmitted packets in the indicated AC measured from the time the EDCF packet is ready for transmission (i.e. begins CSMA/CA access) until the actual packet transmission start time. A value of 1 shall represent a 50 us delay while a value of 253 shall represent a 5.5 ms delay or any delay greater than 5.5 ms. The value 254 shall indicate that services at the indicated AC are currently blocked. The value 255 shall indicate that the AC Service Load is not available. The QAP shall measure and average the medium access delay for all transmit packets of the indicated AC using EDCF access mechanism over a continuos thirty second measurement window. The accuracy for the average medium access delay shall be +/- 200 usec or better when averaged over at least 200 packets.”
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital17
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
Conclusions TGe QBSS Load does not provide adequate
information for comparative load evaluation among neighbor APs.
Meda Access Delay measurement does provide useful, comparative metric for traffic loading for each TGe Access Category and for all AP traffic.
MAD calculation in MAC is straightforward and does not affect PHY implementations.
TGk should incorporate this new BSS Load information into TGk draft.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital18
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
Motion for Improved Normative Text Move to instruct the editor to incorporate text from
document 11-05-0012-02-000k-BSS_Load_norm_text.doc into next TGk draft specification document
Moved by Joe Kwak Seconded by: _______________
Vote YEA _______ Vote NEA _______ ABSTAIN _______ Vote Passes/Fails at ___%
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital19
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
Background: MAD Simulations
Simulation results show how AP Service Load metric relates to Channel Utilization, number of STAs associated and traffic asymmetry.
New AP Service load metric permits AP loads to be compared between APs operating under different conditions.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital20
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
Simulation Results 1
Figure 1 displays the channel utilization as a function of the overall offered load withinthe entire BSS. This figure clearly shows that a wide range of system loads wassimulated.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital21
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
Simulation Results 2
Figure 2 illustrates the MAD as a function of the offered BSS load, for different numbers ofSTAs generating the offered load and different traffic asymmetries.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital22
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005
Simulation Results 3
Figure 4 illustrates the aggregate throughput as a function of the offered load along with thecorresponding MAD level, assuming 8 different MAD ranges (i.e. range1 = 0..31,range2 = 32..63, etc) on a logarithmic scale. The scale minimum is 50 usec (DIFS) andthe maximum is 5.5 msec.
Submission Joe Kwak, InterDigital23
doc: IEEE 802.11-05/0079r1May 2005