Subphylum UniramiaClass Insecta

I. Orders Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Plecoptera and

Isoptera

Dave McShaffreyBiology Department

Marietta CollegeFall, 2000

Order Ephemeroptera -Mayflies

• e-fem-er-op’ ter-a Gr. ephemeros, lasting but a day + pteron, wing

• direct development; small to medium sized• adults: membranous wings, forewings larger,

wings held vertical, vestigial mouthparts• larvae: aquatic, usually 3 caudal filaments,

platelike gills • benthic, freshwater• 2,000 species

Ephemerella needhami

Ephemerellidae

Ephemerella needhami

Ephemerellidae

Isonychia bicolor

Oligoneuriidae

Flat-headed mayfly larva

Heptageniidae

Mayfly larva

Potamanthidae

Order Odonata - Dragonflies & Damselflies

• o-do-na’ ta Gr. odontos, toothed• direct development• large• adults: membranous wings equal in size, long

slender abdomen, large eyes– dragonflies - wings held horizontally at rest– damselflies - wings held vertically at rest

• larvae: aquatic, with prehensile labium covering lower part of face– dragonflies - stout, with 3 pointed caudal

appendages– damselflies - slender, with 3 flattened,

leaflike caudal appendages (gills) • benthic, freshwater, adults and larvae

predaceous• 4,870 species

Order Odonata - Dragonflies & Damselflies (cont.)

Aeshnidae - Anax junius

Green Darner

Aeshnidae - Anax junius

Green Darner

Libelullidae - Celithemis elisum

Calico Pennant

Libelullidae - Sympetrum rubicundulum

Ruby Meadowhawk

Libelullidae - Erythemis simplicicollis

Eastern Pondhawk

Gomphidae - Clubtails

Lestidae - Spreadwings

Calopterygidae - Calopteryx maculata

Black-winged Damselflies

Calopterygidae - Hetaerina americana

American Ruby-spot Damselfly

Coenagrionidae - Argia apicalis

Blue-fronted Dancer

Coenagrionidae - Argia apicalis

Blue-fronted Dancer

Coenagrionidae - Ischnura posita

Fragile Forktail

Damselfly Larva

American Ruby-spot Damselfly

Dragonfly larva - Hagenius brevistylus

Dragonhunter

Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae

Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae

Raptorial labium of Odonata larvae

Labium of dragonfly larva

Order Orthoptera • (Grasshoppers, crickets, locusts,

cockroaches, walking sticks, praying mantids)• or-thop’ ter-a Gr. orthos, straight + pteron,

wing• direct development

• medium to large sized• forewings leathery, hindwings membranous

and folded fanwise, chewing mouthparts• wings lacking in many forms • terrestrial, many are herbivorous• 20,000 species

Order Orthoptera (cont.)

Acrididae - Romalea microptera

Southern Lubber Grasshopper

Acrididae - Romalea microptera

Southern Lubber Grasshopper

Acrididae - Romalea microptera

Southern Lubber Grasshopper(juvenile)

Acrididae

Band-winged Grasshopper

Acrididae

Band-winged Grasshopper

Gryllidae - Phyllopalpus pulchellus

Red-headed Bush Cricket

Tettigoniidae - Microcentrum sp.

Angular-winged Katydid

Tettigoniidae - Microcentrum sp.

Angular-winged Katydid

Tettigoniidae

Tympanum

Tettigoniidae

Meadow Grasshopper

Tetrigidae.

Pygmy Grasshopper

Gryllotalpidae - Neocurtilla hexadactyla

Mole Cricket

Gryllidae - Myrmecophila pergandei

Ant-loving Cricket

Order Dermaptera - Earwigs

• der-map’ ter-a Gr. derma, skin + pteron, wing

• direct development• medium sized

• forewings hardened and short, hindwings membranous and folded under forewings, chewing mouthparts

• cerci are like forceps • terrestrial, many are detritivores, some

herbivores and carnivores• 1,100 species

Order Dermaptera - Earwigs (cont.)

Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia

European Earwig

Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia

European Earwig

Forficulidae - Forficula auricularia

European Earwig

Order Plecoptera - Stoneflies

• ple-kop’ ter-a Gr. plekein, to twist + pteron, wing

• direct development• small to medium sized

• adults - all wings membranous, hindwings larger

• larvae - aquatic, filamentous gills mostly on thorax, 2 cerci

• larvae benthic, freshwater, usually in cleaner streams

• 1,500 species

Order Plecoptera - Stoneflies (cont.)

Peltoperlidae - Peltoperla sp.

Perlodidae - Isoperla sp.

Perlidae - Acroneuria sp.

Order Isoptera - Termites

• eye-sop’ ter-a Gr. isos, equal + pteron, wing• direct development• small sized• equal, membranous wings, thorax and

abdomen broadly joined• wings lacking in workers, mature

reproductives • terrestrial, social, feed on wood• 1,900 species

The End.

Chapter 20

Integrated Principlesof Zoology

Eleventh Edition

Hickman/Roberts/Larson(c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.