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Substance Use and Abuse
Smoking
Smoking Tobacco:Who Smokes?
Varies with age
Gender differences
Educational differences
Fig. 1: Prevalence of smoking in Canada by selected demographic characteristics. Sources: Health Canada, 2005 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey, 2002 First Nations Regional Health Survey, 2001 Aboriginal People's Survey.
McLaughlin, P. (2007). Contraband cigarettes becoming a national norm. Canadian Medical
Association Journal, 176(11): 1567- 1568.
Contraband cigarettes originating on First Nations Reserves
Health implications
Starting to Smoke
Modeling and peer pressure
Personal characteristics
Social image
Becoming a Regular Smoker
Psychological reasons
– Positive affect
– Negative affect
– Habitual behaviour
– Psychological dependence (addiction)
Smoking and Stress Reduction
Correlation between stress and smoking
Smoking reduces stress during social interactions
Stress levels higher between cigarettes
Genetics Factors in Smoking
Indirect routes
Direct routes
Biobehavioural Model of Tobacco Dependence
Emotional regulation explanation
Nicotine as a coping mechanism
Quitting Smoking
Drugs
Behavioural methods
Behavioural Methods: Applications for Stopping Smoking Self-monitoring Stimulus control Response substitution Behavioural contracting
Smoking and Relapse
Stress
Social support
Self-efficacy
Health beliefs
Addiction to Other Drugs
Biological Factors
Psychological Factors
Social Factors
Internet Addiction Disorder
Definition
Research
Treatment