Ke Wu

Canada Research Chair in Radio-Frequency and Millimetre-Wave EngineeringPoly-Grames Research Center

Center for Radio-Frequency Electronics Research (CRÉER) of QuebecDepartment of Electrical Engineering

Ecole Polytechnique (University of Montreal), Canadake.wu@polymtl.ca

Substrate Integrated Circuits (SICs) and Systems for RF and Millimeter-wave Applications

2

IntroductionDrawbacks of standard planar transmission line technologies

Need for compact, low-loss, low-cost integrated waveguides and circuits

Integration issues

Substrate Integrated Circuits (SICs) and SystemsPerformance of substrate embedded waveguides

Recent achievements in the field of substrate integrated circuits (SICs)

System-on-Substrate (SoS) Concepts

Future challenges and possibilities

Conclusions

OUTLINE

3

Drawbacks of current technologies

EM field singularities cause high current densities in the conductor edges→ high conductor lossesSemi-opened and/or unbounded planar circuits are subject to packaging problem and radiation losses→ high cross-talk and transmission losses

Microstrip Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)

Introduction

4

Performance gap at mmW frequencies

• Electrically large mmW components rely on low loss technology• Gap between lossy planar waveguides and bulky metal waveguides needs to be

closed.

5

Design Examples of Microstrip to Rectangular Waveguide Transition

a) Probe Type b) Ridge Type

6

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

Synthesized Waveguides and Substrate Integrated Circuits (SICs)non-planar structure in planar form

7

Substrate Integrated Circuits (SICs)

☺ Complete integration of planar circuits (surface type) and non-planar circuits (volume type) on the same dielectric substrate and fabrication process

☺ Synthesized waveguides made of metallic fences and/or dielectric contrasts compatible with planar substrate (electrically, mechanically, and thermally)

☺ Potential hybrid and monolithic features such as planar multilayer, miniaturization, self-packaging, tunability, electro-optical control and conversation

8

Substrate Integrated Waveguide

Early version of SIW filter

9

Substrate Integrated Non-Radiative Dielectric Waveguide

SINRD LSM11 mode(only half the structure is shown) Early SINRD filter

(7th order, without cover)

10

Substrate Integrated Image Guide

Fundamental Ey11 mode

(only half the structure is shown)

Silicon SIIG prototype

11

Interfacing / Transitions

wS

lS

w

b

ar

p

x

z

y

Courant electriqueChamp magnetique

Waveguide ↔ SIIG

CPW ↔ SIW

Microstrip ↔ SIW

CPW ↔ SIIG

12

In-Line Four-Pole Dual-Mode Filter

13

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antennasλg/2 3λg/4

lf of

ae slotted antenna

leaky-wave antenna

Ondes

de fui

te

14

Integrated SIW antenna/feeder module

Antipodal Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna (ALTSA)

1 x 16 SIW-ALTSA field profile

1x 8 SIW-ALTSA photo

Measured radiation pattern

of 1x 8 SIW-ALTSA at

10 GHz with18.76dBi gain

15

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Directional Couplers

Weff

LaLs

Ws

L1

L2

L1

L2

(a) (b)

1 4

2 3 2 3

1 4

Weff

16

Substrate Integrated Waveguide OscillatorL

b

W

90Ω

JP1 JP2

P_INJ

P_OSC

P_AP_B

ATF36077AMPLIFIER

SIW CAVITY

W c

Gc

Wp

LpLx

PHASE STUBS

LOOP LENGTH

17

Integrated FMCW Radar System on Substrate (SoS)

18

Synthesized or Substrate Integrated NRD-Guide

Standard NRD Guide Generalized NRD Guide Substrate Integrated NRD Guide

εR εRεR1 εRεR1

Air Holes

19

94 GHz 3rd Order Alumina SINRD Guide Filter

S1 S2

L1L2

Wt

S1

L2L1

L1 = 0.180mm, L2 = 0.449mm S1 = 1.082mm, S2 = 1.118mm, Wt = 0.737mm

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Simulated and Measured Results

87 89 91 93 95 97 99 101 103-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

GHz

dBS

11(sim) S

21(sim) S

11(mea) S

21(mea)

21

System-on-Substrate (SoS) Concepts

Advanced Technological Features

☺ Nano-structured “zero” loss and agile/tunable substrates☺ Traveling-wave electro-optical devices☺ Mixed integration of different waveguides on substrate☺ High-density multilayer integration☺ Monolithic integration of “passive” and “active” circuits on substrate including

antennas☺ (Sub)millimeter-wave VLSI (very-large scale integration)☺ Terahertz electronics and photonics☺ Bridging the gap between electronic and optical systems

22

Complementary Modal Field Profiles

a) b)

E field E field

23

Other Examples of Multi-port SICs

SIW cruciform directional coupler or cross-over

1

3 2

4

5

68

7

W-band multi-port receiver circuit

Substrate integrated waveguide circulator

24

24/77 GHz dual band antenna system

140-280 GHz think-film SIW band-pass filter(Prof. Ian Robertson, University of Leeds, UK)

(b)

Traveling-wave photodetector and modulator

25

Substrate Integrated Folded Waveguide (SIFW)(from Dr. Paul R. Young, University of Kent, UK)

a

a/2

a/3a/4 4 layer

3 layer

26

SIW and Half-Mode SIW (HMSIW) Structures

Evolution of HMSIW from SIW

HMSIW

SIW

Dominant modes in HMSIW and SIW

27

SIIG W-band Antennas

94-GHz SIIG planarDielectric rod antenna

94-GHz SIIG array antenna

28

Substrate Integrate Circuits (SICs)→ Combining planar and synthesized non-planar guiding structures

Example of a substrate integrated circuit

29

Conclusions

☺ Substrate integrated circuits (SICs) for low-cost/high-density RF/millimeter-wave/terahertz and photonic wireless ICs and system applications

☺ Hybrid design platforms such as planar-substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) & planar-substrate integrated dielectric guides

☺ Potential monolithic SICs with semiconductor and/or smart substrate towards System-on-Substrate (SoS) approach for future millimeter-wave and photonic wireless applications

☺ Bridging the technological gap between electronics and photonics for GHz and THz innovations and discoveries

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Acknowledgements

☺ Many year contributions by the speaker’s students and research fellows as well as technical support of technologists at the Poly-Grames Research Center have made this presentation possible

☺ The speaker is grateful to Canadian NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council) and Quebecois funding agency (FQRNT) for their financial support through multiple grants

☺ Worldwide collaborators including Prof. Wei Hong and his team at Southeast University (China), Prof. Maurizio Bozzi and his colleagues at University of Pavia (Italy) and others have made contributions to this presentation