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Contents
No more success stories
Failures to be discussed
The importance of the social context
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Some of the best success stories started with a failure
Successful systems in SWM are gradually and step by
step developed, so knowing just their current pictureoffers no
real understanding
No more success stories…
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Let’s learn from failures
Many ways to fail
Technical incompetenceEconomic issuesEnvironmental
failuresFraud
Systemic Failure
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Netherlands - W2E overcapacity
Napoli
Systemic failures to be discussed
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Netherlands: W2E Overcapacity
Recycling doubled in 20 years
Economic crisis reduced volumes
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The result
Source: Senternovem, Rabo IKT estimates
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This is not an exceptionThe case of MallorcaThe incinerator of
Son Reus, in Mallorca, is classified asan incinerator with energy
recovery. It was built in 1997and had an initial capacity of
300,000 tons/year.
This capacity was later extended to 730,000 tons/year,but there
is not enough waste in the island to make it workat full
capacity.
In November 2012 the government of the region has beenapproved
by the European Commission to import 200,000tons/year of refuse-
derived fuel from Italy. The shipmentwill be done by sea and will
allow the incinerator anincrease of 8 million euro of revenues.
Source: www.tirme.com
http://www.tirme.com/http://www.tirme.com/
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Key-points
European network or proximity principle?
Costs and benefits or market development?
Crisis reduced waste
Forecast and uncertainties
The less efficient plants will close
Society overcame expectations
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Napoli, the mother of failures
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Best SWM plan 2000No landfills – no WtE50% recycling in 3 years7
RDF plantsNo intermediate solutions
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Stakeholders Analysis: Camorra
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Stakeholders Analysis: Governance
Political Parties Coalitions 2007 2008 2010 2011
ITALY National Government Center-Left Center-Right
Center-Right
Center-Right
CAMPANIA Regional C ouncil Center-Left Center-Left
Center-Right
Center-Right
PROVINCE of NAPLES Council Center-Left Center-Right
Center-Right
Center-Right
NAPLES Municipality Counsil Center-Left Center-Left Center-Left
Left
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The results
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Key-pointsInertia of policy makers
Political “correctness” about recycling andlandfills
High recycling concrete planning, money and timeDecentralization
sounds good but…
It is not easy and cheap
It means also many local reactionsThere is no system without a
landfill
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Netherlands
The social context of wastemanagement wasund eres t im ated or
ignored .
Recycling grew faster anddiverted much more quantitiesfrom W2E
plants. Economiccrisis resulted in lowerconsumption and less
waste
generation.
Napoli
The social context of wastemanagement was used as an
excuse fo r do ing no th ing for
many years. Mafia businesskept dumpsites open andsupported
reactions against
landfills. High recycling ratesare wishes without planning,
money and time
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Thoughts regarding Attica…
Cost is a huge problem
Municipalities have no reason to recycleDiversion of non MSW
streamsInter-municipal cooperation requires a concrete
framework in order to be effective
Informal sector recyclers
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Organizing the informal sector
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Thanks for your attention
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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]
