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1 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc. March 24, 20191
Dr. Steve ReussANSYS Canada Ltd.
Successful Autonomous Vehicle Design Through Simulation
2 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
585,0008,000,000,000
40010
3 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
We’ve Begun the Autonomous Vehicle Revolution
• Self-Driving Cars and Robo-Taxis
• Drones
• Autonomous Mobile Robots
4 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
We are Profoundly Motivated to Pursue Autonomous Vehicles
• Drastic reduction in fatalities
• Global economic impact
• Mobility for the immobile
• Elimination of traffic jams
>585,000 lives saved from 2035 to 2045
$7 TN annual economic impact by 2050
Free >250 M hours of commuting time
Reference: https://newsroom.intel.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/05/passenger-economy.pdf
5 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
ConditionalAutomation
HighAutomation
The Path to Fully Autonomous Vehicles
Image (Modified): http://www.gloucestercitynews.net/clearysnotebook/2018/03/autonomous-vehicles-how-will-they-challenge-law-enforcement-by-thomas-j-cowper-mpa-a.html, by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5
6 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Making Autonomous Vehicles a Reality
Full AutomationNo Driver
7 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous Vehicles
LiDAR and RaDAR for Detection And Ranging
Electronics integrate sensors into vehicle
systems
Cameras add fidelity to objects detected
Image (Modified) : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uber_self_driving_car.jpg, by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Autonomous Vehicle = Vehicle + Hardware
8 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Deep Learning
Autonomous VehiclesAutonomous Vehicle = Vehicle + Hardware + Software
• Signal processing• Control decisions• Relay information to passengers• Actuator inputs• Vehicle and component dynamics
9 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Physical road testing alone is not a solution
Over 8 billion miles of road testing are needed to validate the safety of an autonomous vehicle…
Demonstrating Safety is the Critical Challenge
-Rand Corporation
… drive every road
Every City
Every Province
Every Country
Every Continent
200x
10 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesHow Can We Demonstrate The Safety of Autonomous Vehicles?
References: https://www.businessinsider.com/waymo-engineer-explains-why-testing-self-driving-cars-virtually-is-critical-2018-8,https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidsilver/2018/07/26/waymo-has-the-most-autonomous-miles-by-a-lot/#7a0f0b627ee5
8M Road Miles9 Years 1 Day
Image (Modified): https://www.google.com/selfdrivingcar/images/car-side.png, by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
8M Simulated Miles
11 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesWhat Does Autonomous Vehicle Simulation Look Like?
12 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesWhat Does Autonomous Vehicle Simulation Look Like?
… but how accurate are these simulations?
13 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesHow is Simulation used in Environment Modeling?
Environment
Traditional RenderingIllumination based on
graphics effects
SimulationLight sources and propagation
fully resolved
14 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesEnvironment Simulation: Corner Case Analysis
15 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous Vehicles
LiDAR and RaDAR for Detection And Ranging
Electronics integrate sensors into vehicle
systems
Cameras add fidelity to objects detected
Image (Modified) : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uber_self_driving_car.jpg, by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
How is Simulation Used in Perception Design and Modeling?
Perception
16 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Live Simulation Examples – It’s about Discovery!
17 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesLiDAR Simulation: Component Development
Perception
18 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesLiDAR Simulation: Vehicle Integration
Perception
19 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesLiDAR Simulation: Scenario and Corner Case Analysis
Perception
20 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Radar Integration in Bumper
Autonomous VehiclesRaDAR Simulation: Component Development & Vehicle Integration
Perception
Radar Antenna Array
21 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesRaDAR Simulation: Scenario and Corner Case Analysis
PerceptionObjects moving
toward AVObjects moving away from AV
22 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
RaDAR Simulation: Scenario and Corner Case Analysis
Perception
23 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
RaDAR Simulation: Scenario and Corner Case Analysis
PerceptionObjects moving
toward AVObjects moving away from AV
24 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesCamera Simulation: Component Development
Perception
25 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesCamera Simulation: Vehicle Integration
Perception
26 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Camera Simulation: Scenario and Corner Case Analysis
27 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Autonomous VehiclesElectronics Simulation: Reliability is Crucial
Perception
Thermal
• Electronics cooling• Hotspot
identification
Structural
• Board deformations• Vibrations analysis• Delamination• Fatigue
Electrical
• Signal & power integrity• Electromigration• Electrostatic discharge• Electromagnetic emission
28 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
28
Dr. Steve ReussANSYS Canada Ltd.
Successful Autonomous Vehicle Design Through Simulation
29 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
29
Dr. Steve ReussANSYS Canada Ltd.
Successful Autonomous Vehicle Design Through Physically Accurate Simulation
30 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
Predictions from the Top 11 Global Automakers
GM – Rumors of Self-Driving by 2018
Ford – True Self-Driving by 2021
Honda – Self-Driving on the Highway by 2020Toyota – Self-Driving on the Highway by 2020
Renault-Nissan – 2020 for Autonomous Cars in Urban Conditions, 2025 for Truly Driverless Cars
Volvo – Self-Driving on the Highway by 2021
Hyundai – Highway 2020, Urban Driving 2030
Daimler – Nearly Fully Autonomous by Early 2020’s
Fiat-Chrysler – CEO expects there to be some self driving on the road by 2021
BMW – Fully self-driving possible by 2021
Tesla – End of 2017
Reference: https://emerj.com/ai-adoption-timelines/self-driving-car-timeline-themselves-top-11-automakers/
31 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.
585,0008,000,000,000
40010
32 © 2019 ANSYS, Inc.