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SUCCESSFUL MODEL OF COOPERATION BETWEEN
GOVERNMENT, INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS and CIVIL SOCIETY
SITUATION REPORT ON TRAFFICKING SITUATION REPORT ON TRAFFICKING IN BULGARIAIN BULGARIA
BelarussBelarussMoldovaMoldovaRussiaRussiaUkraineUkraine
BulgariaBulgaria : :country of transit forcountry of transit for
TRAFFICKING ROUTESTRAFFICKING ROUTES
Active Channels through and from Active Channels through and from BulgariaBulgaria
Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belaruss– Bulgaria – Greece, Turkey, Macedonia
Bulgaria – Macedonia - Greece, Albania, Italy, Spain
Bulgaria – Macedonia – Serbia, Hungary,Czech Republic, Poland
Bulgaria – Serbia – Austria, Germany, The Netherlands
Bulgaria – Serbia – Austria, Germany, Belgium
Georgia – Turkey – Bulgaria - Greece
Georgia – Turkey – Bulgaria – Macedonia - Greece
Increasing numbers of third country nationals are attracted by the Economic and social opportunities
available in EU
"Zero" immigration polices of the past 30 years in the
countries of EU versus
Growing shortages of labor at both skilled and unskilled levels in the countries of EU
Shrinking populations in the countries of EU0% to 30%
Illegal immigration, smuggling and trafficking are accompanying traits
Recognized need to balance the demand and supply side of the labor market in the context of the aging population
of Europe
Contemporary Geopolitical ContextContemporary Geopolitical Context
SHARP INCREASE IN IRREGULAR MIGRATION AND TRAFFICKING
IN MIGRANTS
VAST MARKET FOR IRREGULAR MIGRATION SERVICES EMERGES
GOOD GROUND CONDITIONS FOR CRIMINAL NETWORKS
In a globalizing economy in an integrating international environmentin an era of advanced technologies and communications when the mobility of population is high and ever growingwhen the world is turning more and more into a global village
To live and work abroad becomes more than ever a way of lifeIndeed at the turn of the millennium the world changes at a high speed
ANNUAL INCREASE OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS AS COMPARED TO 1.7% GLOBAL POPULATION INCREASE
FEMINIZATION OF THE MIGRATION FLOWS
search for: higher standard of livingbetter income
better job opportunities
Economic Reasons
personal aspirations: better professional developmenteducation
Disappointment with the process of reforms and pace of transition in SEE
political stability
economic security
employment opportunities
presence of friends and relatives
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF DESTINATION FOR POTENTIAL
MIGRANTS
• High skilled work force• Lack of adequate opportunities
• Aspirations for personal realization and success
• Desire to work abroad
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• Lack of experience in traveling abroad
• No familiarity with life in migration and related
risks as well as different lifestyles• Unrealistic expectations
ALL THIS LEADS TO PREDISPOSITION TOTRAFFICKING AND PERSONAL ABUSE
• No familiarity with national and international legislation and
support bodies for protection of migrants and human rights
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WAYS OF RECRUITMENT:WAYS OF RECRUITMENT:• hire of show performanceshire of show performances
• fashion-show model competitionsfashion-show model competitions
• false marriagefalse marriage
• kidnappingkidnapping
• false job offers in the hotel and false job offers in the hotel and restaurant businessrestaurant business
• false invitation for visits and tourismfalse invitation for visits and tourism
Vulnerability to Exploitation:
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• insecure environment in the country of destination;• in need of income to maintain themselves; • need to pay back debt incurred;• in need of protection and assistance
Consequences:
• confinement in sweat shops, factories, fishing boats;• forced involvement in organized criminal activity; • begging;• forced sex services;• other forms of forced labor / servitude / slavery
Migrants Controlled by Traffickers by:
• debt bondage;• retention of passports and travel documents; • security guards;• violence or threat of violence
IOM strategic IOM strategic approachapproach
andandcounter-trafficking counter-trafficking
measuresmeasuresnext
COUNTER TRAFFICKING
IOM AREA OF HIGHEST CONCERN
AND
IOM PRIORITY SERVICE AREA
IOM strategic approach and IOM strategic approach and counter-trafficking measurescounter-trafficking measuresIOM strategic approach and IOM strategic approach and counter-trafficking measurescounter-trafficking measures
Strengthened operational network and capacities
Expanded project portfolio maintaining substantial programs in most affected countries
Developed coherent regional and sub-regional strategies and integrated responses
Protection and security standards enhanced
Reintegration assistance incorporated as integral part of return
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IOM strategic approach and IOM strategic approach and counter-trafficking measurescounter-trafficking measuresIOM strategic approach and IOM strategic approach and counter-trafficking measurescounter-trafficking measures
Developed uniform Data Base System (data collection / comparison / analysis)
On-going applied research
Enhanced Technical Cooperation activities
Optimized operation by better and more cost-effective management of resources
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IOM Bulgaria Counter-Trafficking IOM Bulgaria Counter-Trafficking ActivitiesActivities
IOM Bulgaria Counter-trafficking IOM Bulgaria Counter-trafficking activitiesactivities
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PREV
ENTI
ON
PRO
TECTIO
N
PROSECUTION
IOM Bulgaria Counter-trafficking IOM Bulgaria Counter-trafficking activitiesactivities
RESEARCHRESEARCH
PREVENTIONPREVENTION
CAPACITY BUILDING: CAPACITY BUILDING: Governments/NGOs Governments/NGOs and Media/Partnership Networksand Media/Partnership Networks
DIRECT SUPPORT TO VICTIMSDIRECT SUPPORT TO VICTIMS
national public information campaigns national public information campaigns national educational modulenational educational module
• police programpolice program• civil societycivil society• IOM direct dialogue regime with studentsIOM direct dialogue regime with students• national essays competitionsnational essays competitions• special events/ meetings between institutions, pupils, special events/ meetings between institutions, pupils,
students/ IOMstudents/ IOM
public information consultancy centerspublic information consultancy centers prevention through artprevention through art
PREVENTION
seminars seminars
partnerships/ networkspartnerships/ networks
local interinstitutional councils local interinstitutional councils
training training CAPACITY BUILDING
Support for safe return Support for safe return
Safe accommodation Safe accommodation
Reintegration Reintegration SUPPORT TO VICTIMS
Assisted Victims of Trafficking Assisted Victims of Trafficking
ASSISTED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING OF BULGARIAN ORIGIN BY YEAR
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Assisted Victims of Trafficking Assisted Victims of Trafficking
ASSISTED FOREIGN COUNTRY NATIONALS BY YEAR
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ASSISTED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING OF BULGARIAN ASSISTED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING OF BULGARIAN ORIGIN BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION AND BY YEAR ORIGIN BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION AND BY YEAR
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Germany
2000 2001 2002 Total
Kosovo
Macedonia
0 17 7 24
10 6 6 22
4 9 4 17
Italy 1 1 11 13
France 0 3 5 8
Albania 2 2 0 4
Belgium 0 1 1 2
Holland 0 1 0 1
Montenegro 0 0 1 1
Slovenia 0 0 1 1
Cyprus 0 0 1 1
ASSISTED FOREIGN COUNTRY NATIONALS BY ASSISTED FOREIGN COUNTRY NATIONALS BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND YEAR COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND YEAR
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Ukrainian
2000 2001 2002 Total
Moldavian
Russian
11 25 0 36
0 7 0 7
2 4 0 6
Georgian 1 3 1 5
Romanian 0 0 2 2
BULGARIAN AND FOREIGN VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING BULGARIAN AND FOREIGN VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING REFFERED TO IOM SOFIA BY: REFFERED TO IOM SOFIA BY:
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Law Enforcement Law Enforcement 68%68%
IOM offices IOM offices 24%24%
Foreign NGOsForeign NGOs 6% 6%
OthersOthers 2% 2%
VICTIMS’ PROFILES VICTIMS’ PROFILES
Age BreakdownYoungest: 13 years of ageOldest: 40 years of age
15 - 1715 - 17 18 - 2418 - 24 25 - 3025 - 30 over 30over 30
8 %
49 %
26 %
17 %
2002200259 %
29 %
12 %
20012001
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Marital StatusMarital Status
singlesingle marriedmarried divorceddivorced stable relationstable relation widowwidow n/an/a
73%73%
9%9%
6%6%
6%6%
3%3%
3%3%
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With ChildrenWith Children
yesyes nono n/an/a
82%82%
12%12%
6%6%
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Residence TypeResidence Type
ruralrural urbanurban n/an/a
88%88%
9%9%
3%3%
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Family CompositionFamily Composition
nuclearnuclear extendedextended n/an/a
70%70% 21%21%
9%9%
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Family RelationFamily Relation
goodgood difficultdifficult badbad normalnormal n/an/a
46%46%
27%27%
9%9%12%12%
6%6%
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Level of EducationLevel of Education
nonenone primaryprimary middlemiddle highhigh prof. schoolprof. school universityuniversity otherother n/an/a
28%28%
18%18%
6%6%
15%15%
6%6%
6%6%
9%9%
12%12%next
The Assistance ProcessThe Assistance Process
Main ComponentsMain Components IOM uniform interview as a basis for case analysis and
assistance planning
5 sections 5 sections aimed at :aimed at :
assessment of assessment of personal backgroundpersonal background
description of description of recruitment and recruitment and trafficking storytrafficking story
preliminary preliminary assessment of assessment of physical and medical physical and medical conditioncondition
5 sections 5 sections aimed at :aimed at :
assessment of assessment of personal backgroundpersonal background
description of description of recruitment and recruitment and trafficking storytrafficking story
preliminary preliminary assessment of assessment of physical and medical physical and medical conditioncondition
1. Personal Information 1. Personal Information 1. Personal Information 1. Personal Information
2. Working experience and 2. Working experience and travel abroadtravel abroad2. Working experience and 2. Working experience and travel abroadtravel abroad
3. Recruitment and 3. Recruitment and trafficking processtrafficking process3. Recruitment and 3. Recruitment and trafficking processtrafficking process
4. Living and working 4. Living and working conditions while traffickedconditions while trafficked 4. Living and working 4. Living and working conditions while traffickedconditions while trafficked
5. Health5. Health 5. Health5. Health next
The Assistance ProcessThe Assistance Process
Main ComponentsMain Components
Safe Transportation and EscortSafe Transportation and Escort
Medical Screening/ Psychological Medical Screening/ Psychological AssistanceAssistance
Shelter AccommodationShelter Accommodation
Reintegration Assistance :Reintegration Assistance :
• monthly allowancesmonthly allowances• job orientation/ job placementjob orientation/ job placement• qualification coursesqualification courses• social assistancesocial assistance• school insertion programsschool insertion programs• resettlementresettlement
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IOM Sofia-Types of Assistance ProgramsIOM Sofia-Types of Assistance Programs
Based on 2002 CaseloadBased on 2002 Caseload IOM SOFIA SHELTER
• CAPACITY: 15 CAPACITY: 15 bedsbeds• Living roomLiving room• Reception roomReception room• Medical cabinetMedical cabinet• KitchenKitchen• Service Service
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PARTNERSHIP – MAIN TOOL TO DELIVER COUNTER
TRAFFICKING PROGRAMS IN BULGARIA
IOM SOFIA – MAIN PARTNERS IN THE ASSISTANCE PROCESS
Transportation Assistance/ EscortTransportation Assistance/ Escort
IOM/GOIOM/GO• Bulgarian PoliceBulgarian Police
Medical ScreeningMedical Screening
IOM/NGOsIOM/NGOs• Bulgarian Family Planning AssociationBulgarian Family Planning Association• Medicine sans FrontieresMedicine sans Frontieres
Psychological CounselingPsychological Counseling
IOM/NGOsIOM/NGOs• Nadya Center Nadya Center • SOS Families in Distress, VarnaSOS Families in Distress, Varna• Marya Center, Gorna OriahovitsaMarya Center, Gorna Oriahovitsa• Demetra Foundation, BurgassDemetra Foundation, Burgass
IOM SOFIA – MAIN PARTNERS IN THE ASSISTANCE PROCESS
Specialized counseling for minorsSpecialized counseling for minors
IOM/GOsIOM/GOs• National Agency for Child ProtectionNational Agency for Child Protection• Central Committee for Child DelinquencyCentral Committee for Child Delinquency• Police Pedagogical UnitsPolice Pedagogical Units
IOM/NGOsIOM/NGOs• National Agency for Child ProtectionNational Agency for Child Protection• Central Committee for Child DelinquencyCentral Committee for Child Delinquency• Police Pedagogical UnitsPolice Pedagogical Units
Safe AccommodationSafe Accommodation
IOM/NGOsIOM/NGOs• Nadya CenterNadya Center• Red CrossRed Cross
IOM SOFIA – MAIN PARTNERS IN THE ASSISTANCE PROCESS
Reintegration AssistanceReintegration Assistance
IOM/GOsIOM/GOs• MLSPMLSP• Labor BureausLabor Bureaus• Police (in cases of resettlement)Police (in cases of resettlement)• Social Care ServicesSocial Care Services• Municipal AuthoritiesMunicipal Authorities
Capacity Building for Governments/ NGOs and MediaCapacity Building for Governments/ NGOs and Media
• trainingtraining• fora, round tables, regional dialoguefora, round tables, regional dialogue
IT IS OUR JOINT RESPONSIBILITY:
to make sure that perpetrators to make sure that perpetrators are brought to justiceare brought to justice
to form effective partnerships to form effective partnerships against organized crimeagainst organized crime
to raise awareness for to raise awareness for preventionprevention
to provide protection and to provide protection and support to victimssupport to victims
New Law on Combating Illegal New Law on Combating Illegal Trafficking in Bulgaria (approved by Trafficking in Bulgaria (approved by Parliament 7 May, 2003)Parliament 7 May, 2003)
Introduced Amendments to the Penal Introduced Amendments to the Penal CodeCode
30 Organized Crime groups 30 Organized Crime groups dismantled;dismantled;
56 court cases abroad56 court cases abroad 30 court cases in Bulgaria30 court cases in Bulgaria National Task Force EstablishedNational Task Force Established
PARTNERSHIPS - JOINT ACHIEVEMENTS
LAW ENFORCEMENT
PARTNERSHIPS - JOINT ACHIEVEMENTS
HUMANITARIAN
Between 2000 – 2002(May), IOM Between 2000 – 2002(May), IOM Sofia assisted a total of 254 women Sofia assisted a total of 254 women
victims of traffickingvictims of trafficking
Four Local Inter-institutional CouncilsFour Local Inter-institutional Councils Local Plans for Combating Trafficking Local Plans for Combating Trafficking
in progressin progress One Central ShelterOne Central Shelter Four local Safe housesFour local Safe houses Four Public information consultancy Four Public information consultancy
centerscenters Solid Inter-institutional partnerships Solid Inter-institutional partnerships
at central and at local levelat central and at local level
PARTNERSHIPS - JOINT ACHIEVEMENTS
ESTABLISHED CAPACITIES
crucial tools to combat trafficking
PARTNERSHIPS
Pragmatic division of labor
Complementarities of efforts
Coordination of activities
Joined forces for a concerted action
Efficient use of resources
Improved efficiency in counter-traffickingfor the benefit of all
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Even BrokerEven Broker
Operational Service ProviderOperational Service Provider
Catalyst for Problem SolutionCatalyst for Problem Solution
Humanitarian PartnerHumanitarian Partner
ReliabilityReliability
ProfessionalismProfessionalism
International StandardInternational Standard
EfficiencyEfficiency
Managing migration for the benefit of all.
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PRESENTED BY:
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Thank You Thank You