Succession

a Dr. Production

Ecological succession- the change of communities that follows a formation of a new, or the disturbance of an area already in existance (plowing, landslide, volcano, fire)

Succession is a "change in the species composition of a community over time."

Primary Succession follows the formation of new land surfaces consisting of rock, lava, volcanic ash, sand, clay, or some other exclusively mineral substrate.

• This means that there is NO SOIL present. • Soil is a mixture of mineral material, decaying organic

material, and living organisms.

Secondary Succession follows the destruction or partial destruction of the vegetation area by some sort of disturbance, like a fire, windstorm, or flood that leaves the soil intact.

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Pioneer species initiate recovery following disturbance in both primary AND secondary successions: LICHENs

Pioneers "pave the way" for later colonists by altering the biotic and abiotic environment:

– soil stabilization – soil nutrient enrichment (organic matter and

biological nitrogen fixation) – increased moisture holding capacity – light availability – temperature – exposure to wind

Species composition tends towards a Climax Community through succession.

The climax community describes an end product of succession that persists until disturbed by environmental change.

Succession occurs at large scales involving higher plants and animals, but may involve microbial communities on a smaller scale. Such as in a compost pile.

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp55/55020.html

Symbiosis

a Dr. Production

A symbiosis is a relationship between two organisms. That relationship can be beneficial to one or both organisms, harmful to one or both organisms, or neutral to one of the organisms.

There are 5 types of symbiosis that you are responsible for understanding for this course…

Symbiosis

Type of Relation-ship

Description Examples

Mutualism

+/+ In this symbiosis both organisms benefit.

Termite and gut protistGrouper cleaning

Commen-salism

+/0 In this symbiosis, one organism benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Robin and oak treeRemoras & pilot fish

Parasite-Host

+/- In this symbiosis, one organism benefits (parasite) and the other organism (host) is harmed usually gradually but not killed.

Cat and fleaAthlete’s foot fungus and humanIsopod on Soldierfish

Predator- Prey

+/- In this symbiosis, one organism benefits (predator) and the other organism (prey) is harmed usually dying immediately as it is eaten.

Cat and mouseLion and gazelleShark Breach

Competition

-/- While engaged in competition, both organisms are being harmed.Intraspecific competition occurs within the same speciesInterspecific competition occurs between different species

Lion and lion Lion and hyenaHermit Crabs

Identify the Symbiosis:• Ancient Farmers of the Amazon• Octopus Camouflage• Ants and Butterflies • Shark & Loggerhead

Mimic Octopus, 2

Mimic Octopus & Sea Snake

Mimic Octopus & Crinoid

Mimic Octopus & Sea Star

Mimic Octopus & Flounder/Sole

Mimic Octopus & lionfish

What’s the Ecology?

What’s the Ecology?

What’s the Ecology?

What’s the Ecology?