SUGARCA�E

Sugar cane originated in New Guinea where it has been known

since about 6000 BC. From about 1000 BC its cultivation

gradually spread along human migration routes to Southeast

Asia and India and east into the Pacific. It is thought to have

hybridised with wild sugar canes of India and China, to

produce the 'thin' canes. It spread westwards to the

Mediterranean between 600-1400 AD.

Sugar cane has a very long history of cultivation in the Indian

sub-continent. The earliest reference to it is in the Atharva

Veda (c. 1500-800 BC) where it is called ikshu and mentioned

as an offering in sacrificial rites. The Atharva Veda uses it as a

symbol of sweet attractiveness [Wikipedia].

As is true in numerous countries, the Government of Pakistan

is seriously involved in the sugar industry, regulating mill

construction, trade and prices, and influencing farmers' crop

decisions in different ways. Single reason for the big

government concern with sugar is the political significance of

the crop. Sugar is also the second most important cash crop in

Pakistan after cotton. Self-sufficiency in sugar is a goal, but

one that to date has proven illusive. The main sugar crop is

sugarcane, but there is a small sugar beet industry in the cooler

high elevations of the Northwest Frontier Province [economic

and social development department].

VALUE WITHIN SUGAR

SUGARCANE

TRANSPORTATION

Pakistan grows about 1 million hectares of sugarcane, more

than all other cane producing countries except Brazil, China,

Cuba, India and Thailand. Cane is also used for non-centrifugal

sugars and seed, so that the amount of land harvested for

centrifugal sugar each year is only about two-thirds of the total.

Sugar cane juice is the national drink of Pakistan where it is

called Roh. It is sold fresh by roadside vendors only, as the

juice begins turning black very quickly due to oxidation. It is

sold in glasses with or without ice [Wikipedia].

The Punjab Province accounts for 60 to 65 percent or about

650 000 ha of the area under sugarcane. Rice, cotton, and

sunflowers are major competitors for land use among farmers

in that province. Other producing areas include the Sind

Province which accounts for 25 to 30 percent of sugarcane

land, the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) about 10

percent, and Baluchistan which accounts for less than 1

percent. In Sind Province, cotton, wheat, rice, and sunflower

are alternative crops, and the growing of bananas is becoming

more popular. Due to higher yields, the share of Sind Province

in total sugar production is about 40 percent [economic and

social development department].

SUGARCANE SOWING

GURR PRODUCTION

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SUGAR CANE VARAITIES

SPF 26, SPF 234, CPF 237, THATTA 10, SPSG 26, SHF 240, SHF 242,

SHF 232, CP 851491, SH 12 F0 MALAKAND 16.

PIT RING PIT SOWING

SUGARCANE SEED

SUGAR CANE FERTILIZATION

Nitrogen (urea) 5 bags

Phosphorous (DAP) 3 bags

S.O.P 2 bags

Zinc 2 bags

DISEASES IN SUGAR CANE

Red rot, Whip smut, Mosaic, Rust, Red stripe, Hel minthosporium,

Leaf spot, Pokkah boeng and Brown strip.

DISEASES (BORER)

Top borer, Stem borer, Root borer, Gurdaspur borer, Termites,

Sugarcane pyrilla, Black bugs, white fly

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Trichograma, Epi-pyroper, Egg parasite, Crysoperla

CHEMICAL CONTROL

Thimate, Carbofuran etc

SUGAR CANE SOWING

� Period of sowing is October and spring February.

� Seed rate 80 to 100 muns per acre

� Distance between channels 2.5 to 3 feet.

� Treat the seed before sowing with fungicide.

Bio-control

Field experiments showed that

egg parasitoids, Trichogramma

spp. and predator, Chrysoperla

carnea were very effective and

useful for the control of major

insect pests of cotton i.e.

American, Pink and spotted

bollworms and borers and

Pyrilla of sugarcane. Large

field trials against these pests

covering hundreds of acres of

different farmers have been

conducted. Farmers have

reduced the number of

insecticide applications and

saved the considerable cost of

insecticide inputs.

For laboratory rearing of

American and Pink bollworms,

Chrysoperla carnea, and

Bracon species low cost

artificial diets have been

formulated that are very

favorable for the development

and vigour of these insects.

Many insecticides, host plants,

Bt toxins and beneficial insects

have been screened and tested

under bioassay studies

[Nuclear Institute for

Pit Ring Pit Sowing Sugarcane at Magsi Farms

KhesanMori Sindh

Ring-pit plantation can double sugarcane yield. The losses

faced by sugar mills mean increasing arrears of payments to

sugarcane growers. This is leading to farmers quitting

sugarcane, causing concern to mills. The only way out of this

seems reduction in the cost of production.

A revolutionary method of sugarcane plantation that can make

cost-reduction possible was developed in the 1980s by the

Scientists. People have found it hard to believe that the yield

www.nasarpur.com

Agriculture and Biology,

Faisalabad, Pakistan].

could be increased two or three times by adopting the ring-pit

method. It decided to conduct field trials to establish the facts.

Although it was late for planting, the experiment was still

carried out on several plots in Punjab India.

The results showed that under the ring-pit method, an average

of 474 qt/acre was achieved as against the 250 of the

conventional method. One has to keep in mind that the data

was only for a nine-month-old crop, which means there is

scope for an even higher yield.

The method is dependent on mother shoots, i.e., zero tillering,

and the total number of millable canes per acre. Under the

system, around 2700 pits per acre are made. Thirty mother

shoots are allowed to develop into millable canes of 1.25-1.75

kg each. This can give a yield of 800-1100 qt/acre if the

recommended package of practices is adopted.

For FurtherDetails: Contat: Mr Sajad Shah Rashdi +92-300-

8370266 or Mr Shabir Shah Rashdi:0333-2840774

MARKET REPORTS FEATURED

ARTICLES

Pakistan Sugar Annual Report 2010

Pakistan's MY 2010/11 sugar production is forecast at 3.77

million metric tons (MMT), up 10 percent from last year

estimate of 3.42 MMT, according to the USDA Foreign

Agricultural Service. Consumption is forecast at 4.28 MMT

and imports at 700,000 tons. The GOP is considering a tax

holiday for companies that process sugar beets. The sugar

industry in Pakistan continued to deal with uncertainty in CY

2009 due to decreasing sugar production and a lack of

coordinated government policy.

Pakistan’s MY 2010/11 (Oct/Sept) total sugar production is

forecast at 3.77 MMT, an increase of 10 percent over last

year’s estimate. The increase is largely driven by higher prices

and a strong demand. Despite efforts to achieve self-

sufficiency, Pakistan remains a net importer of sugar. In MY

2009/10 sugar imports are forecast at 1.03 million tons and

700,000 tons in MY 2010/11. Sugar consumption in MY

2009/10 is expected to decrease 50,000 tons due to limited

TRICHOGRAMMA

SUGAR MILL

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sugar supplies and price increases. Sugar consumption in MY

2010/11 is forecast at 4.28 MMT.

PRODUCTION POLICY

The Federal government generally does not procure sugarcane,

but it authorizes provincial governments to fix respective

sugarcane prices in consultation with representatives of both

the sugar industry and farmer organizations. For MY 2010/11,

none of the cane producing states; Punjab and Sindh, increased

sugarcane prices.

To assist sugar processors in the economic downturn, the

Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MINFA) and the Ministry

of Industries and Production are in consultation with the

Pakistan Sugar Mills Association (PSMA) to finds ways of

making sugar operations run more efficiently. The sugar

industry is also searching for opportunities to develop value

added by-products, reducing costs, and promoting cultivation

of high sucrose cane. The GOP is also considering PSMA’s

proposal to use sugarcane in electricity production.

LIST OF MILLS (PAKISTAN SUGAR MILLS

ASSOCIATION ISLAMABAD)

Mill's �ame Location / District

Punjab

Abdullah Sugar Mills Limited Depalpur / Okara

Abdullah (Shahpur) Sargodha / Sargodha

Adam Bahawalnagar /

Bahawalnagar

Ashraf Sugar Mills Limited Ashrafabad /

Bahawalpur

Baba Farid Sugar Mills Limited Okara / Okara

Brothers Sugar Mills Limited Chunian / Kasur

Chanar Sugar Mills Limited Faisalabad

Chaudhry Sugar Mills Limited Toba Tek Singh

Chishtia Sugar Mills Limited Sargodha

Colony Sugar Mills Limited

(Phalia) Mandi Bahauddin

Colony Sugar Mills Limited (Mian

Channu, Punjab) Khanewal

Crescent Sugar Mills Limited Faisalabad

Etihad Sugar Mills Limited Rahim Yar Khan

Fatima Sugar Mills Limited Muzaffargarh

Fecto Sugar Mills Limited Bhakkar

Gojra Samundri Sugar Mills

Limited Faisalabad

Gunj Bakhsh Sugar Mills Limited

(Pasrur) [�ot Operating] Sialkot

Hamza Sugar Mills Limited Rahim Yar Khan

Haq Bahu Sugar Mills Limited Jhang

Haseeb Waqas Sugar Mills Limited Nankana Sahib

(Sheikhupura)

Huda (Fauji) Sugar Mills Limited Nankana Sahib

(Sheikhupura)

Hunza Sugar Mills Limited Faisalabad

Husein Sugar Mills Limited Faisalabad

Indus Sugar Mills Limited Rajan Pur

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Ittefaq Sugar Mills Limited PakPattan

JDW Sugar Mills Limited Rahim Yar Khan

JDW-II (United) Sugar Mills

Limited Rahim Yar Khan

Kamalia Sugar Mills Limited Toba Tek Singh

Kashmir Sugar Mills Limited Jhang

Kohinoor Sugar Mills Limited Khushab

Layyah Sugar Mills Limited Layyah

Madina Sugar & Chemicals (Pvt)

Ltd Jhang

Macca Sugar Mills Limited Kasur

National Sugar Industries Limited Sargodha

Noon Sugar Mills Limited Sargodha

Safina Sugar Mills Limitd (Pharian

Wali) Jhang

Pattoki Sugar Mills Limited Kasur

Ramzan Sugar Mills Limited Jhang

RYK Sugar Mills Limited Rahim Yar Khan

Shahtaj Sugar Mills Limited Mandi Bahauddin

Shakarganj Mills Limited - I Jhang

Shakarganj Mills Limited - II Bhone

Sheikhoo Sugar Mills Limited Muzaffargarh

Tandlianwala Sugar Mills Limited

Unit - I Faisalabad

Tandlianwala Sugar Mills Limited

Unit - II Muzaffargarh

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Al-Moiz Sugar Mills Limited Dera Ismail Khan

Chashma Sugar Mills Limited Dera Ismail Khan

Chashma Sugar Mills Limited

Expansion Dera Ismail Khan

Frontier Sugar Mills Limited [�ot

Operating] Mardan

Khazana Sugar Mills Limited Peshawar

Premier Sugar Mills Limited Mardan

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Tandlianwala Sugar Mills Limited

(Zamand) Dera Ismail Khan

Bannu Sugar Mills Limited Bannu

Sindh

Al-Abbas Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas

Abdullah Shah Ghazi Sugar Mills

Limited (Al-Asif) Thatta

Al-Noor Sugar Mills Limited Nawabshah

Ansari Sugar Mills Limited Tando Muhammad

Khan

Army Welfare Sugar Mills Limited Badin

Bawany Sugar Mills Limited Badin

Dewan Sugar Mills Limited

(Khoski) Thatta

Digri Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas

Faran Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad

JDW-III Sugar Mills Limited

(Ghotki) Ghotki

Habib Sugar Mills Limited Nawabshah

Khairpur Sugar Mills Limited Khairpur

Larr Sugar Mills Limited Thatta

Matiari Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad

Mehran Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad

Mirpurkhas Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas

Mirza Sugar Mills Limited Tappo Badin

Najma Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas

Naudero Sugar Mills Limited Larkana

New Dadu Sugar Mills Limited Dadu

Pangrio Sugar Mills Limited Badin

Ranipur Sugar Mills Limited Khairpur

Sakrand Sugar Mills Limited Nawabshah

Sanghar Sugar Mills Limited Sanghar

Seri Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad

Shahmurad Sugar Mills Limited Thatta

Sindh Abadgar's Sugar Mills Hyderabad

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Limited

TMK Sugar Mills Limited Hyderabad

SGM Sugar Mills Limited (Sardar

Ghulam Mohammad)

Tharparkar Sugar Mills Limited Mirpurkhas

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