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DNADNAFINGERPRINTINGFINGERPRINTINGDNADNAFINGERPRINTINGFINGERPRINTING

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SUMMARYSUMMARY DefinitionDefinition

HistoryHistory How it worksHow it works

Different Methods of processingDifferent Methods of processing

What its used forWhat its used for

Draw BacksDraw Backs

DefinitionDefinition

HistoryHistory How it worksHow it works

Different Methods of processingDifferent Methods of processing

What its used forWhat its used for

Draw BacksDraw Backs

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WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING?WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING?


DNA fingerprinting: Analysis of anDNA fingerprinting: Analysis of anorganisms unique DNA composition as aorganisms unique DNA composition as acharacteristic marker.characteristic marker.

A technique used by scientists toA technique used by scientists to

distinguish between individuals of the samedistinguish between individuals of the samespecies using only samples of their DNAspecies using only samples of their DNA


DNA fingerprinting: Analysis of anDNA fingerprinting: Analysis of anorganisms unique DNA composition as aorganisms unique DNA composition as acharacteristic marker.characteristic marker.

A technique used by scientists toA technique used by scientists to

distinguish between individuals of the samedistinguish between individuals of the samespecies using only samples of their DNAspecies using only samples of their DNA

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WHOINVENTED IT?

WHOINVENTED IT?

The process ofDNA fingerprinting

was invented byAlec Jeffreys atthe University ofLeicester in 1985.

The process ofDNA fingerprinting

was invented byAlec Jeffreys atthe University ofLeicester in 1985.

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HOWDOES ITWORK?HOWDOES ITWORK?

DNA Extraction:DNA can be extracted from almost

any human tissue. Buccal cells from inside cheek for

paternity tests. Sources of DNA at crime scene:

blood, semen, hair follicle, saliva DNA extracted from evidence is

compared to DNA from knownindividuals

DNA Extraction:DNA can be extracted from almost

any human tissue. Buccal cells from inside cheek for

paternity tests. Sources of DNA at crime scene:

blood, semen, hair follicle, saliva DNA extracted from evidence is

compared to DNA from knownindividuals

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Isolation of DNA:-DNA must berecovered from the cells of the plant

or animal. Only a small amount isneeded.

Cutting,sizing, and

sorting theDNA. Special enzymes

called restriction enzymes are usedto cut the DNA at specific places

Isolation of DNA:-DNA must berecovered from the cells of the plant

or animal. Only a small amount isneeded.

Cutting,sizing, and

sorting theDNA. Special enzymes

called restriction enzymes are usedto cut the DNA at specific places

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The DNA pieces are sorted according tosize by a sieving techniquecalled electrophoresis through a gel madefrom seaweed agarose.

Transfer of DNA to nylon. The DNApieces are transferred to a nylon sheet byplacing the agarose gel and nylon next to

each other overnight.

The DNA pieces are sorted according tosize by a sieving techniquecalled electrophoresis through a gel madefrom seaweed agarose.

Transfer of DNA to nylon. The DNApieces are transferred to a nylon sheet byplacing the agarose gel and nylon next to

each other overnight.

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P

robing.T

he DNA fingerprint isgenerated by adding tagged probes tothe nylon sheet.

DNA fingerprint. The final DNAfingerprint is built from severaldifferent probes and resembles thebar codes used at the grocery

counter.

P

robing.T

he DNA fingerprint isgenerated by adding tagged probes tothe nylon sheet.

DNA fingerprint. The final DNAfingerprint is built from severaldifferent probes and resembles thebar codes used at the grocery

counter.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DNA

FINGERPRINTING.

TECHNIQUES FOR DNA

FINGERPRINTING.

o RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length

polymorphismo STR Analysis

o mtDNA Analysis

o RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length

polymorphismo STR Analysis

o mtDNA Analysis

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RFLPRFLPIt plays an important role in allowingscientists to map the human genome as wellas provide information on genetic diseases.

It plays an important role in allowingscientists to map the human genome as wellas provide information on genetic diseases.

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S

TR ANALYS

ISS

TR ANALYS

IS

Short Tandem Repeat (STR) is a technique usedby law-enforcement agencies like the FBI to

examine an isolated region ("loci") of the nuclearDNA

Short Tandem Repeat (STR) is a technique usedby law-enforcement agencies like the FBI to

examine an isolated region ("loci") of the nuclearDNA

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MTDNA ANALYSISMTDNA ANALYSIS

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Analysisis used when RFLP and STR analysis is

not possible.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Analysisis used when RFLP and STR analysis is

not possible.

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WHY DOWEUSE DNA

FINGERPRINTING ?

WHY DOWEUSE DNA

FINGERPRINTING ?CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

FIGHTING FOOD BORNE ILLNESSES

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

FIGHTING FOOD BORNE ILLNESSES

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MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS

PALEONTOLOGY

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Identify endangered and protected

species as an aid to wildlife officials

Detect bacteria and other organisms

that may pollute air, water, soil, andfood

Match organ donors with recipients intransplant programs

Identify endangered and protected

species as an aid to wildlife officials

Detect bacteria and other organisms

that may pollute air, water, soil, andfood

Match organ donors with recipients intransplant programs

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LIMITATIONSOF DNA

FINGERPRINTING

LIMITATIONSOF DNA

FINGERPRINTING sample can be easily ruined

Collecting samples

High temperatures can degrade DNA

Bacteria

Moisture

Human Error Sneezes, improper storage, failure to label

samples

sample can be easily ruined

Collecting samples

High temperatures can degrade DNA

Bacteria

Moisture

Human Error Sneezes, improper storage, failure to label

samples

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BENEFITSOF DNA

FINGERPRINTING

BENEFITSOF DNA

FINGERPRINTING

DNA Fingerprinting in Paternity

Tests DNA Fingerprinting in Forensics

plants and Other Benefits of DNA

Fingerprinting

DNA Fingerprinting in Paternity

Tests DNA Fingerprinting in Forensics

plants and Other Benefits of DNA

Fingerprinting

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QUESTIONS ??QUESTIONS ??

DNA Fingerprinting in Forensics

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Thank You!!!!!Thank You!!!!!

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