7/28/2019 Summary of WWI and Russian Rev
1/3
Name_____________Date______________Per#______________
Purpose: To make sure that you understand World War I
Directions: Read the following and annotate.
Standard: 10.7 and 10.8
Subject: Causes and Effects of World War II
VocabularyNationalismReparationsTriple EntenteLeague of
NationsFranz Ferdinand
War Guilt ClauseTriple AllianceTrench WarfareSchlieffen
Plan14-Point PlanTreaty of Versailles
Bloody SundayCzar Nicolas IIV.I. LeninBolsheviksBolshevik
RevolutionMarch Revolution
The MAIN causes of World War I are militarism, alliances,
imperialism, and nationalism.
Militarism Before the war, the countries of Europe were building
up their military. The best example of this isGermany. Right before
the war, Germany increased its military 75%. Also, a lot of the
money that was madedue to the Industrial Revolution was used to buy
and make weapons. Further, the factories that were startedduring
the Industrial Revolution were also used to make weapons.Alliances
There are two main alliances. The Triple Alliance was formed in
1881. It consisted of Germany,Austria-Hungary and Italy. The Triple
Entente was formed in 1907. It consisted of France, Great Britain,
andRussia. Once the war started, these alliances fought each other.
But there were problems between these countriesbefore the
alliance.Imperialism Imperialism is when one country takes over
another country. Many European countries tookover countries in
Africa and Asia. They took them to get natural resources that they
could use to make money infactories in the Industrial Revolution.
Germany and France fought in World War I, but they almost went to
warbefore that over who would take control of Morocco. Furthermore,
Germany and Great Britain competed for
control of the industrial economy. They were using materials
from countries that they took over to make money.All of this money
would eventually be used to build weapons and kill each
other.Nationalism Nationalism is pride in ones country. This became
a major cause of war near the start of thewar. For one, the war
started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was killed
by Gavrilo Principin Serbia (in the Balkans). He was killed there
because the people in Serbia were nationalist and they did notwant
someone from Austria-Hungary in their country trying to rule over
them. Nationalism also was used in thepropaganda posters to
persuade people to join the army and server for their country.
The Start of the War The war started when Franz Ferdinand was
assassinated in Serbia by Gavrilo Princip.This led to
Austria-Hungary invading Serbia. Germany joined Austria-Hungary and
invaded France and Russia.When Austria-Hungary invaded France, it
went through Belgium. This upset Great Britain, so Great Britain
alsobecame involved. Italy changed sides right away. The Triple
Alliance and the Triple Entente no longer consisted
of just three countries each.
The Triple Alliance became known as the Central Powers. It was
led by Germany and included Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the
Ottoman Empire.The Triple Entente became the Allies. They consisted
of Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Russia (until itdropped out
because of the Russian Revolution), and the United States.The first
act of war was by Germany. It was called the Schlieffen Plan.
Germany attacked France in the west,tried to conquer France, and
then wanted to attack Russia in the East (They were trying to avoid
fighting on twofronts). The plan failed because of the way that the
fighting took place. Trench Warfare led to long trencheswere
neither side really won. Both sides were stuck in the trenches.
World War I Summary
7/28/2019 Summary of WWI and Russian Rev
2/3
Armenian Genocide - During the war, the Armenian Genocide took
place. The Armenians are an ethnic groupfrom the area near where
Iraq is, called the Middle East. When the Middle East was ruled by
the OttomanEmpire, the Armenians were targeted because they are
Christians. The Ottoman Empire, which was ruled by theYoung Turks,
proceeded to kill 1.5 million Armenians. First, the men were taken
outside of Armenian townsand cities and shot or hanged. Then, the
women were shipped off to concentration camps were many were
killedor died of starvation. To this day, Turkey, the country that
used to be the Ottoman Empire, denies that this
genocide took place.
U.S. Enters the World In 1917, after three years of war, the
U.S. entered the war. They joined the side of theAllies. This
happened after Germany shot down a British boat called the
Lusitania. Although it was a Britishboat, it was carrying 128 U.S.
citizens. The Germans were also trying to get Mexico to join the
war. Germanypromised Mexico that it would help Mexico gets back
areas of the U.S. that used to be theirs. For these tworeasons, the
U.S. joined in the war. The U.S. joining was the main reason that
the allies won. The U.S. army wassegregated and very racist, but
was also very powerful. World War I quickly became a total war in
which all theresources of the country were put into making more
weapons and supplies for the war.
After the U.S entered the war, Russia dropped out of the war.
When the Russian Revolution took place, theleader of Russia, V.I.
Lenin, pulled Russia out of the war. Without war against Russia,
Germany focused on war
with France, Britain, and the U.S. The U.S. was too strong and
on November 9, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II steppeddown and Germany
signed an armistice, an agreement to stop fighting.
The Treaty of Versailles After Germany stopped fighting, the
leaders of the Allies (Lloyd George ofEngland, Vittorio Orlando of
Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the
U.S.) met tomake a lasting peace. Wilson called his ideas the
Fourteen Points. The Fourteen Points main idea was
self-determination (the right of countries to make their own
decisions). He also called for an international peaceorganization
called the League of Nations. In the end, the Treaty, named after
the French city where it wassigned, punished Germany severely.
Germany was given total blame for the war, had to pay $33 billion
inreparations, lost land, was not allowed to keep the military, and
not allowed in the League of Nations. The Allieswere trying to
punish Germany, and Italy also wanted land back from
Austria-Hungary.
Russian RevolutionCause/ConflictThe most important cause
conflict of the Russian Revolution was the terrible working
conditions and bad pay ofthe factories that Czar Nicolas II built
as he tried to create a capitalist economy.First ActionsThe First
Actions of the Russian Revolution start with the creation of the
Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks, whichboth wanted to end the
government. During Bloody Sunday, in 1905, workers brought a
petition to the Czarspalace and were shot at by soldiers, killing
500-1000 workers. This led to the creation of the Duma,
RussiasParliament.Climax/RevolutionThe March Revolution Women
factory workers led a strike of 200,000 workers in 1917. Soldiers
were orderedto shoot at them, but instead joined the protesters and
shot their bosses. Nicolas II lost all of his power, and the
Duma set up a capitalist government. Soviets (socialist
community groups) were also set up. The Bolsheviks ledthe
Soviets.The Bolshevik Revolution In 1917, the Bolsheviks arrested
the leaders of the Duma and V.I. Lenin tookpower. The secret police
(the cheka) also terrorized the enemies of the Bolsheviks.Russias
Civil War The people against Lenin created the White Army and for 3
years, Russians fought eachother for control of Russia. Lenin and
the Bolsheviks eventually won.ConclusionLenin gave the name the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) to Russia. He started
the New EconomicPolicy. This brought back capitalism before making
Russia fully socialist. Lenin gave some power to workers,but still
had most of the power himself.
