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Summary Report. Lecturer: Chia-Ping Chiang Date: 2009/Jun/25. Model Description ~ The Whole Domain. Model Validation ~ The System Settings. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Summary Report
Lecturer: Chia-Ping ChiangDate: 2009/Jun/25
Model Description~ The Whole Domain
The whole model domain covers entire North Pacific Ocean ranging from 100°E to 80°W and from 30°S to 60°N. A 1/4° horizontal resolution is used east of 150°E, while a finer horizontal resolution of 1/8° is used west of 150°E. The vertical resolution is linear-exponential stretched grid of 26 layers with a thickness of 6 meter in the top layer. Both domains use the same vertical grids.
Model bathymetry:
Interpolated from unfiltered ETOPO-5 depth data.
Supplemented with the Taiwan’s National Center for Ocean Research’s (NCOR) 1-minute high accuracy depth archive in the Asian Seas.
The surface wind forcing:
Interpolated monthly Hellerman and Rosenstein winds stress.
Surface sources of heat and fresh water:
The Levitus94 seasonal climatology is used to initialize the model.
The eddy viscosity (Ah, Av) and diffusivity (Kh, Kv) used in both domains are 20 m2/sec.
Model Validation~ The System Settings
Conservation of Mass
Momentum equations (Horizontal)
Hydrostatic equation (Vertical)
Equation of conservation of salt or energy (potential temperature)
Equation of State (EOS):
Model Validation~ The Governing Equations
0, ( , , )wu v V V
0
1h h h v
u p uu fv A u A
t x z z
V
0
1h h h v
p vv fu A v A
t y z
v
z
V
, or h h h v
ss K s K s S T
t z z
s V
pg
z
TS ,
Model Description~ The TAI Domain
PCM-1 ~ East of Taiwan
PN ~ East China Sea
TK ~ Tokara Strait south of Kyushu
PCM-5 (ASUKA) ~ South of Japan
34°N & 38°N ~ Southeast and East of Japan
Near PCM1 ~ East of Taiwan
WOCE: Mean volume transports during 1994/9-1996/5 were estimated to be 23.3 Sv with a standard error of 2.0 Sv. Max in July-August and Min in October.
Liu et al’s (1998): Mean transport estimate of 22.6 Sv from repeat CTD/ADCP sections.
Johns et al, (2001): 21.5 Sv with an uncertainty of 2.5 Sv.
Year 37-39, 5-day running mean
W. E. Johns et al., (2001)
Temporal Mean during Year 37-39.
Position & Magnitude
Mean downstream velocity structure during Sep 1994–May 1995.
Depth & Magnitude
Near PCM1 ~ East of Taiwan
Near PCM1 ~ East of Taiwan
Near PN ~ East China Sea
Oceanographic Division, Nagasaki Marine Observatory, JMA The long-term mean relative transport from 1973 to 2000 is 25.8 Sv with a mean
seasonal maximum of 27 Sv in summer and minimum of 23.9 Sv in autumn.
Year 37-39, 5-day running mean
CPIES+ADCP observation during October 2003 until November 2004 .
M. A
ndres et al. (2008)
Temporal Mean during Year 37-39.
E. O
ka et al. (2003)
Quarterly data of CTD and shipboard ADCP from 1987 to 1997.
Near PN ~ East China Sea
Near PN ~ East China Sea
Near TK ~ Tokara Strait South of Kyushu
Observation from spring 1987 to spring 2005 and many estimates of the Kuroshio volume transport through Tokara Strait ranges from 18 Sv to 32 Sv (Bingham and Talley 1991; Yamamoto et al., 1993; Nakano et al., 1994; Yamamoto et al., 1998; Feng et al., 2000; Zhu et al., 2006).
Year 37-39, 5-day running mean
Near TK ~ Tokara Strait South of Kyushu
E. Oka et al. (2003)
Near TK ~ Tokara Strait South of Kyushu
Year 37 Sep.
Year 38 Jun.
Year 39 Sep.
40 observations during 1987–97:
35/40 double current cores25 Stronger northern core (Type 1)10 Stronger southern core (Type 2)
5/40 single southern core (Type 3). There is no case of a single northern core.
Volume Transport
PCM-1
PN
TK
Three Typical Path of the Kuroshio
M. Kawabe (2005)
Non-large meander near-shore path
Non-large meanderoff-shore path
Large meander path
Kuroshio Path
Year 37 Sep.
Year 38 Jun.
Year 39 Sep.Non-Large
Off-shore Meander
Non-LargeMeander Transition
(Off to Near)
Non-Large Near-shore Meander