Summative Assessment Commission Unit-Part 1

8/13/2019 Summative Assessment Commission Unit-Part 1

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Summative Assessment

Commission Unit-Part 1

Neda Mockeviciute


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Introduction

Signs 'No tresspassing' or 'Private property' haunts us more and more

frequently, not allowing to enter places that once had public access. Housesin rural areas that once were standing near woodlands now are facingfactories, dwellings or high fences.

SeeingJo Spence work and how she constructs her images, creatingphotographs for expressing her opinion on arising gender, power, control,

class problems. She inspared me to work on something what is importantand interesting for me.

Because of these ideas my body of work is about present-day protuberantissue which is land privatization.

Definition of privatization - 'the transfer of ownership of property orbusinesses from a government to a privately owned entity. '


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Contextual research European Environment Agency states:

1. that agricultural zones, forests, semi-natural and natural areas,are disappearing in favour of the development of artificialsurfaces. This affects biodiversity since it decreases the livingspace of a number of species.

2. In general, more forests, natural grasslands and open spaceswere taken by artificial land development then in the previousdecade. This meant a higher loss of natural ecosystems.

3. Europe is one of the most intensively used continents on theglobe, with the highest share of land (up to 80%) used for

settlement, production systems (including agriculture andforestry) and infrastructure.

European Environment Agency (2013a) 'Land Take (CSI 014)' At:

http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-

2/assessment-2
http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/land-take-2/assessment-2


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The numbers of private land sector in other parts of the world:

1. Between 1990 and 1996 the New Zealand's government sold morethan 530 000 hectares of planted government-owned forests to the

private sector.

2. 'The Forestry Commission' the Scottish-based agency responsible formanaging 2.7 million acres of woodland, has been able to dispose of'surplus land' - defined as not needed for forest development.'

3. According to Smith 423 million acres out of 751 million acre of forestland in the U.S. is owned by private entities such as privateindividuals, corporations, and other private groups.

1. FAO Corporate document repository (1999)Devolving forest ownership throughprivatization in New Zealand. In: http://www.fao.org/docrep/x3030e/x3030e0a.htm

2. The Guardian (1991)Forest sale programme accelerated by stealth: David Henckereports on secretive privatisation of land which could spell the end of public rightsof access. In: http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian

3. The dissertation of Taeyoung Kim (2012) Three Essays on Private LandownersResponse to Incentives for CarbonSequestration through Forest Management and

Afforestation. In:http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2
http://www.fao.org/docrep/x3030e/x3030e0a.htmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardianhttp://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/35894/KimTaeyoung2012.pdf?sequence=2http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardianhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardianhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardianhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/x3030e/x3030e0a.htm


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'Seized! The 2008 land grab for food and financial security' states: Articlewritten by: 'Grain', 2008

This article states that land grabbing in economically unstable countries:

enhance the possibility of collapse of local markets, farmers rather thansustain and encourage peasant agriculture for local and national marketsand for future generations.

accelerate eco-system destruction and the climate crisis.

destroys livelihoods.

Its the restructuring. For these lands will be transformed from smallholdingsor forests, whatever they may be, into large industrial estates connected tolarge far-off markets. Farmers will never be real farmers again, job or no job.

This will probably be the biggest consequence.

http://www.grain.org/article/entries/93-seized-the-2008-landgrab-for-food-and-financial-security


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'Private Property, Community Development, and Eminent Domain',

Edited by: Robin Paul Malloy

'Hysteria versus History: Public Use in the Public Eye'

The Supreme Court in 2005 in Washington accepted a ruling that local

governments may seize peoples homes and businesses even against

their willfor private economic development that would not have an

immediate public benefit. News announcer then brought the decision The

US Supreme Court today made it a whole lot easier for someone to come inand take your house, take your private property, against your will, as long

as the state can prove theres a better public use for it. ' The land

deprivation will mostly affect poor and working-class people.

And there are many cities that want to expand their tax base, bring insome more jobs. And so they literally can bulldoze your house and give you

the market value.


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Visual references


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Jo Spence Remodelling Photo History

makes daily, institutionalized andnormalized practices and codes

seem strange, so that their

common sense becomes

disrupted.

This photograph had influenced

my choice for changing my idea

from relationship between nature

and man to land privatization.Remodelling Photohistory (Victimization), 1982

Also, it encouraged me to experiment toinclude real people in my images, because

they might help transfer the notion of 'No

trespassing'.


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Anna Fox 'The Village' is a body of work

looking at domestic life in a rural

West Sussex village, which oncloser inspection appears to be

'everyday things which are semi

public, semi private.' Mine and

Anna's concept differ as you can

say from the quotation above.Nevertheless, the images that

author took in the garden can be an

example of how I can transfer my

idea.

This particular image was useful

for me, because of the composition

which creates a notion of

inhospitality.

'The Village' , 1991-1993

The author to create that notion of

inhospitality used bushes to block the view

and I have done a similar thing (blocking the

view with gates, fences and etc.) to

established that sense.


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Gina Glover 'Shifting time. Figure in the landscape

is not only about passing time, but alsoinfluenced by personal experience from

anti-malaria drugs which caused various

visual shifts (grey tones or intense

colors).

Regardless different concept Gina

Glover had for her images, the man

standing near the sea is more or less in

quite sharp focus and the environment

around him is blurry. This type of focus

and the mans posture applied in my

concept might indicate that the person is

in control of our sight.

Gina Glover - 'Shifting time.Figure in the

landscape Red Cap, Cape Cod, USA

Central composition suggests that

viewers attention should be drawn to

a man figure in the frame.


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Untitled landscapes, 1985

Consistent focus of work 'Untitled

landscapes' is on landscape and place

(place as a state of mind). The

photographs are of UK urban and

rural scenes.

The audience is confronted with a

woman against what normally wouldbe an empty landscape. The

silhouette by blocking the scenery

implies that it has power over the

viewer.

Susan Trangmar

In the photograph the person is out of

focus, while the green-land is in sharp

focus which suggests that the main

focus is land and the person is only a

subsidiary implement to convey the

concept of nature being owned and

controlled by someone.


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I found Susan Trangmar's and Gina Glover's works quite influential while

experimenting. Both photographers with help of people facing back to the

camera more or less succeeded in sense of control over the audience. Even

if I decide to take final photographs without people these images

encouraged me to experiment with focus.

Untitled Landscapes, 1985

Red Riding Hood, Lochinvar, Scotland


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Hans Haacke Work titled 'Shapolsky

et al Manhattan Real

Estate Holdings, A

Real-Time Social

System as of May 1,

1971' presented a

documentation -

photographs of 142properties, owned by

two or three families,

who had assembled vast

empires of slum housing

in New York.

Hans Haacke- 'Shapolsky et al Manhattan Real Estate Holdings,

A Real-Time Social System as of May 1, 1971

Hans Haacke images arouse my interest not only because of its 'background' story,

but also due to the camera position and composition. The composition is quite

simple, static, nevertheless, the camera position appears to have a notion of control

over and a power of devaluating the viewer.


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Double Fence, Natzweiler-Struthof, France,

1993

Michael Kenna

Michaels series of images from

'Concentration Camps' were mostrelative to how I can transfer the

notion of something being controlled

by someone.

The fog might indicate the unknown

that lurks just beyond that fence.

I am intrigued to try to convey my

idea not only by objects(sign, fence)or composition in the photograph, but

also capture the right moment (sky,

fog).

This photograph caught my

attention due to the composition.

The fence extends through the

entire frame which might

suggest what huge territory is

paled.


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Stanley Spencer I have chosen these pictorial art

works because it sustains my

idea of exploring private land.

It represents the impact on

landscape that private

landowners leave, such as

blacktops, fences, buildings,gardens.

People who are not allowed to

go there leave a trace too, for

instance, pathway around the

fence.

Stanley Spencer - 'Extensive landscape with awrought-iron gate'


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Test shoots

Experimented with a man figure standing back to the camera.

Close-up images.

Took pictures of buildings and walls.

Unfortunately, none of those images completely underpinned my idea and I

had to search for other ways.

I lik h i i f


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I do like the composition of

this shot. Although, in my

estimation it still does not

underpin my idea.

I like the composition of

this image, but from my

point of view it still does

not fully represent my idea.


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While searching for the

most suitable composition

I used low angle and

photographed my objects

on eye level.

I have focused on fences,

gates, signs. Nevertheless,

also experimented by

focusing the subjects

beyond the fence, such as

trees, etc.

C t t Sh t


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Contact Sheets

I have decided to take photographs on eye level but also slightly point up the lens because low

angle gives a sense of powerlessness to viewers within the frame. I have used natural lighting to

keep notion of reality in the pictures. Focus is on fences because it seperates public from

private property.


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Final Prints


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I chose this image

because of

trace,the pathway,

people, who arenot alowed to go

beyond that fence,

created.

Sharp focus is on

the fence and the

beginning of the

pathway.

Everything else

goes out of focus

within the distance.


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The fence takes

2/3 of the frame

giving the viewer

no choice but tofocus on the fence.

The photographic

choices of 50mm

lens and low angle

was essential tome because it

slightly

exaggerates the

size of fence and

the added height

of the object mayinspire fear and

insecurity to the

viewer.


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Self Evaluation Project is based on current societies desire to fulfill their endless and

blakness needs by taking what they can under their control. At first it may

not be seen as a big issue, nonetheless, as you could have seen from mycontextual research it effects so many aspects of our life: nutrition,dwelling, leisure time that later or sooner we will perceive the after-effects.

In my estimation, I managed my studies quite well. Although,the next termI wouldnt delay printing to the last week leaving myself no time to reshoot

the places if needed.

In the future I need to do more test shoots which as I now understand arereally essential for developing visual choices and better visualachievements in the end.

I had problems with printing. I wanted to make all of the prints to matchcolor-wise, nevertheless, as I started to talk about this with one of thetechniques he said that one of the prints then would turn out really artificialand still would not match the others. That is why I decided to print them asthey are and adjusting colors as far as I can. According to this I will bemore considered the next shooting time.

h h ll i f hi i l ki f i id


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The most challenging part of this unit was looking for appropriate ideawhich would answer the brief question and controlling all the photographicchoices so that they all communicate the same thing. I will definitely bemore aware of these choices when photographing now. Furthermore, Ithink the images could be stronger in communicating the idea of the land

privatization.

Also, I did not get lucky with weather. I wanted to capture fog butunfortunately the weahter was not what forecaster said it would be thatweek and I couldnt wait any longer. If I would continue this project, I

would have wait for fog.

The second image in my estimation is the weakest because of the dullcolour scheme and flatness caused by overcast day lighting. If I wouldcarry on with this project I would have waited for better weather or found a

better place for shooting. It made me aware of how important every aspect

of the image is.

I found contextual and visual research quite challenging in the beginningbecause I have never done it before. Now when I have a better knowledgehow to do that I know it helps a lot to visualise your idea.

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Summative Assessment Commission Unit-Part 1