Sun, Earth, and Moon Slide 2 People (Ptolemy in 140 A.D) once
thought that Earth was at the center of the Universe and the Sun
revolved around it. Geocentric Theory Slide 3 Copernicus in 1530
created a mathematical model which explained the motions of the
planets by putting the Sun in the center of the solar system, his
book was suppressed for 13 years. When the it was finally
published, Copernicus was on his deathbed,deathbed Heliocentric
Theory Slide 4 Spherical There was the belief that Earth was flat.
Aristotle who lived in 350 BC thought that Earth was spherical. He
saw Earth cast a shadow on the Moon during an eclipse. Sailors also
saw evidence that the Earth is spherical from observing how ships
appear in the horizon. They also saw that when moving North or
South the North star moved higher or lower in the sky. Earth is
Spherical and bulges slightly at the equator and somewhat flattened
at the poles Slide 5 Earths Rotation: The spinning of Earth on its
axis, causes day and night. 24 h Earths Rotation Earths Revolution:
365 days Diameter (Pole to Pole): 12,714 km Diameter (equator):
12,756 km Average Distance from the Sun: 150 million km *Label the
diagram of Earth* Physical Features Slide 6 Generated by movement
of materials inside Earths core and Earths rotation. Earth has a
North and South Magnetic pole. It traps many charged particles from
the sun which protects you from harmful solar radiation. } Magnetic
Field Slide 7 1. Caused by Earths Revolution around the Sun. Due to
the ellipse shape of Earths orbit around the Sun the distance from
the Sun to Earth changes during its yearlong orbit. It is closest
(147 million km ) around Jan 3 and farthest (152 million km ) July
4. 2.The tilt in Earths axis causes seasons. The hemisphere that is
tilted more towards the Sun will be in summer and that which is
tilted away will be in winter.tilt in Earths axis It also affects
the number of daylight hours. For example the summer has longer
sunlight hours than the winter. * Complete compare and contrast
table summer/winter* Seasons Slide 8 The day when the Sun reaches
its greatest distance north or south of the equator. Northern: June
21 or 22 longest period of daylight Southern: Dec 21 or 22 shortest
period of daylight Solstices Slide 9 when the Sun is directly above
Earths equator. Occurs twice a year when the sun is directly over
the equator (90 angle) resulting in spring and fall equinox. The
number of daylight and night time hours and equal all over the
world. Neither hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun. Equinoxes Slide
10 Northern hemisphere: spring equinox March 20 0r 21 Fall equinox
Sept 22 or 23 Southern hemisphere: spring equinox Sept 22 or 23
Fall equinox March 20 0r 21March 20 0r 21 *Do Venn Diagram
Solstices & Equinoxes & Connect It * Slide 11 Revolution
around Earth are responsible for the changes in its appearance.
27.3 days the same amount of time it takes to revolve around Earth.
The Moon revolves around Earth you see different portions of its
lighted side, causing the Moons appearance to change. Moon Motions
Slide 12 The different forms that the Moon takes in its appearance
from Earth. 29.5 daysdifferent New Moon: when the moon is between
Earth and the Sun. The lighted half is facing the Sun. Waxing: More
of the illuminated half of the Moon can be seen each night. Waxing
crescent, first quarter, gibbous Phases Slide 13 Full Moon: all of
the Moons surface facing Earth reflects light Waning: When you see
less of its illuminated half each night. Gibbous, third quarter,
Waning crescent * Complete cut & past Moon Phase Activity *
Phases Slide 14 The revolution of the Moon causes eclipses. It
occurs when Earth or Moon blocks the sunlight from reaching the
other. New Moon: the Moons shadow falls on Earth and causes a solar
eclipse. ( pearly white glow seen in a total solar eclipse.. umbra)
Full Moon: Earths shadow can be cast on the Moon, resulting in a
lunar eclipse. ( Total Lunar eclipse can be seen by anyone on the
night time of Earth) Eclipses Slide 15 Craters: depressions due to
Meteorites, asteroids, comets striking the surface. Maria: dark
regions formed from igneous rocks. The moon has a crust, mantle,
and a core Moon Slide 16 Theories of formation 1. The moon was
captured by Earths gravity 2. The moon condensed from the same dust
and gas. 3. Earth ejected molten material that became the Moon.
Moons gravity Is 1/6 of Earths Moon Slide 17 4. Impact theory:
after Apollo space missions in 1960s and 1970s The moon formed
billions of years ago from condensing gas and debris thrown off
when Earth collided with a Mars-sized object. Impact theory Slide
18 1961 The US sent the first ranger spacecraft and a series of
Lunar Orbiters to the moon. They took photographs of the Moon. The
next step they landed on the moon. 1969: Apollo 11 landed on the
Moon. Exploring Slide 19 Clementine: 1994 was placed into lunar
orbit to conduct a two-month survey of the Moons surface. It took
high resolution photographs of the Moons surface. Lunar Prospector:
1998 spent a year orbiting the Moon from Pole to pole. Exploring
Slide 20 Lunar Prospector also Mapped Moons gravity, magnetic
field, and the abundances of 11 elements in the crust. Evidence
confirmed that water ice was present in deep craters at both lunar
poles. Icy Poles
