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Supachai Tantikom Ph.D Advisor to Governor of Bangkok

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration BMA

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GEOGRAPHY

HISTORY

URBAN STRUCTURE

URBAN MANAGEMENT WATER MANAGEMENT

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Overview of Bangkok

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Area 1,568.737 sq. km.

Number of District 50 districts

Total Population

Registered Population

Non Registered Population

~ 9.7 million (2009)

~ 5.7 million (2009)

~4 million (2009)

Population density

* Inner areas

* outer areas

3,640 persons/sq. km. (2008)

15,270 persons/sq. km. (1978) 11,400 persons/sq. km. (2008) 770 persons/sq. km. (1978) 2,400 persons/sq. km. (2008)

Average Maximum Temp :

Average Minimum Temp:

38.8 c˚ (2009)

14.7 c˚ (2009)

Annual Rainfall: 1,600 mm. (2009) 1,482 mm.(2006)

The Impacts of Climate Change in Bangkok

The vulnerability of the urban climate system of Bangkok will increase

• Temperature

The number of days exceeding 35 ºC is rising

• Rainfall The average annual rainfall in BMA is 1,500 mm./ year but in 2009,

increasing to 1,600 mm.

• Health

Increasing risk factors to health such as

- Dengue fever :

- Influenza :

- Influenza (H1N1 2009) :

• Sea level rise

The relative average sea level rise is about 1.3 cm/year.

Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation

(2007 – 2012)

Expand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic Systems

Improve Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency

Promotion the use of Renewable Energy

Improve Solid Waste

Management and Wastewater Treatment Efficiency

Expand Park Areas

Initiatives Target CO2 Emission

Reduction (million tons)

in 2012

Actual CO2 Emission

Reduction (million tons)

in 2012

5.53

0.61

2.25

0.46

0.90

Total 9.75

1.01

0.88

2.70

0.70

1.69

6.98

Bangkok Master Plan on Climate Change (2013 – 2023)

Effective and green transportation

Energy efficiency and renewable energy

Waste management and waste water treatment efficiency

Green city planning

Adaptation to Climate Change

Bangkok City Plan (2013)

The new Bangkok City Plan is called “green” city plan since it

gives importance to policies that will encourage green

projects.

Incentives will be provided to investors who will build green

buildings that are compliant with the environmental criteria of

the Thai Green Building Institute. The extra space and a floor-

area ratio will be up to 20 percent higher than the standard

level.

Incentives will be also be given to developers who will set

aside a portion of their property and develop it into socialized

housing targeting the low-income persons.

Bangkok City Plan (2013)

The criteria established by the Thai Green Building Institute ,

founded in 2009 are:

• Building management

• Site and landscape

• Water conservation

• Energy and atmosphere

• Material and resources

• Indoor environment quality

• Environmental protection

• Green innovation

Bangkok City Plan (2013)

Jatujak เร่ิมเดินระบบ : ม.ีค. 2549 ความสามารถในการบ าบดั : 150,000 ลบ.ม./วนั พืน้ท่ีบริการ : 33.40 ตร.กม.

Rattanakosin เร่ิมเดินระบบ : ม.ค. 2543 ความสามารถในการบ าบดั : 40,000 ลบ.ม./วนั พืน้ท่ีบริการ : 4.1 ตร.กม.

Chong Nonsi เร่ิมเดินระบบ : ธ.ค.2543 ความสามารถในการบ าบดั : 200,000 ลบ.ม./วนั พืน้ท่ีบริการ : 28.5 ตร.กม.

Din Daeng เร่ิมเดินระบบ : ต.ค.2547 ความสามารถในการบ าบดั : 350,000 ลบ.ม./วนั พืน้ท่ีบริการ : 37 ตร.กม.

Si Phraya เร่ิมเดินระบบ : ม.ค.2537 ความสามารถในการบ าบดั : 30,000 ลบ.ม./วนั พืน้ท่ีบริการ : 2.7 ตร.กม.

Tung Kru เร่ิมเดินระบบ : ก.พ. 2545 ความสามารถในการบ าบดั : 65,000 ลบ.ม./วนั พืน้ท่ีบริการ : 42 ตร.กม.

Nongkhaem เร่ิมเดินระบบ : ก.พ. 2545 ความสามารถในการบ าบดั : 157,000 ลบ.ม./วนั พืน้ท่ีบริการ : 44 ตร.กม.

Waste Water Treatment Projects

Total Capacity: 1,017,700 cum/day

Area: 192 sq.km

Bang Sue Plant Area: 21 km.2

Capacity : 120,000 cum/day

Area : 56 km.2

Capacity: 360,000 cum/day

Area : 63 km.2

Capacity: 204,000 cum/day Klong Toey Plant

Nong Bon Plant

Minburi Plant Area: 4.43 km.2

Capacity: 10,000 cum/day

Area: 29.48 km 2

Capacity: 148,000 cum/day

Thonburi Plant

5 Waste Water Treatment Projects

Total Capacity: 842,000 cum/day

Bang Sue Plant

Bang Sue Plant

Solid Waste Management in Bangkok

Solid Waste

Domestic Waste

8,700 ton/day

Landfill

7,600 ตัน/วัน

Compost

1,100 ton/day

Infectious Waste

18-20 ton/day

Incinerate 1,000

Celcious

Hazardous Waste

600 kg/day

Private firm

Faeces

600 ton/day

Fertilizer

25 ton/day

Tree

120 ton/day

compost

Waste Collection

Future Challenges Waste Collection

1. Improve the efficiency of waste collection services.

2. Designate time for general waste discarding and collection.

3. Waste collection services for narrow road especially in the congested

communities.

4. Improve collection routes by using GPS (Global Positioning System)

5. Preparation of a preliminary hazardous waste storage and treatment system.

Waste Disposal

1. Waste to Energy project.

2. Upgrading sanitary landfills to meet international standards.

3. Integrated solid waste disposal management.

4. Master Plan of Solid Waste treatment in Bangkok.

Solid Waste Management in Bangkok

Public participation

1. Establish social network on waste management

2. Develop tricycle group to help BMA on waste separation

3. Expand the project of biogas production from organic

waste to cover more target groups.

Monthly rainfall

Accumulative rainfall

Flood situation on October 18, 2011

BMA divides flood protection into 2 systems 1. Flood protection system using polder systems to protect

discharge from upstream and high tide 2. Drainage system by improving drainage capacity to

protect inundated causing from the rain.

Flood Mitigation and Management

1.1 Dike at eastern part of Bangkok under His Majesty’s initiative (King’s Dike) and Dike along Chao Phraya River, Bangkok Noi Canal and Maha Sawat Canal

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1.1 Dike at eastern part of Bangkok under His Majesty’s initiative (King’s Dike) - Length 72 km. - Prevent outside water at altitude +2.00 m. above MSL. 1.2 Dike along Chao Phraya River, Bangkok

Noi Canal and Maha Sawat Canal - Length total 77 m. (1.20 km. under

construction) - To protect overflow from the upstream

and tide at altitude +2.50 m. above MSL. Dike along the Chao Phraya River

King’s Dike

Dike along the Chao Phraya River

ถนนพทุธมณฑลสาย 2

ถนนกาญจนภิเษก

(2) (2) คลองควาย

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(1)

วดัปุรณาวาส

D/Meaw/powerpoint/ฝ่ายสรุาษฎร์/แนวป้องกันริมแมน่ า้5-1-53 slide 1

(1)

(3)

(2)

(1)

(3)

(4)

(2)

(4)

(1) (2)

Symbol . Dike (can prevent Flood 75.80 Km.)

Dike that underconstruction 1.20 Km.

Prevent water from Chaophraya river at altitude +2.50 msl.

Flood Mitigation and Management in Bangkok Metropolitan Area

Dike along Chao Phraya River, Bangkok Noi Canal and Maha Sawat Canal Length 77.00 km.

1. Eastern polder of the Chao Phraya River within the King’s dike

2. Western polder of the Chao Phraya River

3. Eastern area of Bangkok outside the King’s dike (Flood way)

BMA divided flood protection areas into 3 areas

Flood Mitigation and Management in Bangkok Metropolitan Area

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2. Improvement of Drainage systems for rainfall • Drainage system has been designed for rainfall intensity 60 mm./hr. • Canals; 1,682 canals and 2,600 km. • Pipe systems 6,400 km. - Main roads have main drainage pipes length 1,640 km. - Normal roads have secondary drainage pipes length 4,760 km. • Pumping stations and water gates are 409 places. Total capacity is 1,584 cms. • 7 tunnels which total length is 19 km. and total capacity is 155.50 cms. • 21 storm water retention ponds in Bangkok area. Total volume is 12.75 million cm. • Flood control center

Flood Mitigation and Management in Bangkok Metropolitan Area

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Phrakanong Pumpind Station

Flood Control Center

Drainage system in Bangkok

Nongbond Retention pond

Drainage Tunnel

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Bangkok Flood Protection

Green Area

4 sq.m per person

4 sq.m per person

Bangkok Vision 2032 Bangkok: Vibrant of Asia

• A safe city: 6 strategies and 52 measures

• A green and comfortable city: 4 strategies and 20

measures

• A city for all: 5 strategies and 14 measures

• A compact city: 2 strategies and 12 measures

• A democratic city: 5 strategies and 29 measures

• A city of growing economy and life-long learning: 9 strategies and 28 measures

Thank you

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