1
100–500 years Oldest… SUPERLATIVES From long-lived pets to the oldest fragments of our planet, we explore Earth’s 4.55-billion-year history to celebrate record-breaking longevity in its many forms. 500–8,000 years A Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) known as Prometheus was cut down from Wheeler Peak in Nevada, USA, in 1963. Although 4,867 rings were counted in it, the tree was in a harsh environment that had slowed its growth. Its true age has been estimated at c. 5,200 years old. Tree c. 5,200 years > 100 million years Download this poster: guinnessworldrecords.com/2018 Hotel 1,312 years The Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan in Yamanashi, Japan, is a hot-spring hotel that has been operating since 705 CE. Wrestling competition 557 years The Kırkpınar wrestling festival has been held annually since 1460 near Edirne in Turkey. Participants coated in oil vie for the Golden Belt. The Barberton Greenstone Belt, or Makhonjwa Mountains, in South Africa is formed from rocks up to 3.6 billion years old. The mountains have a maximum altitude of around 1,800 m (5,905 ft) above sea level. Mountain range 3.6 billion years Tiny, diamond-like crystals of zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) from the Jack Hills in Western Australia are the oldest minerals so far dated on Earth. A 2014 study estimated their age to be 4.374 billion years (±6 million years). This means that these zircons were created “only” around 160 million years after Earth itself was formed. Fragment of Earth 4.374 billion years 0–100 years Dog 29 years 5 months The greatest reliable age recorded for a dog is 29 years for an Australian cattle dog named Bluey, owned by Les Hall of Rochester, Victoria, Australia. Bluey was obtained as a puppy in 1910 and worked among cattle and sheep for nearly 20 years before being put to sleep on 14 Nov 1939. Reigning monarch 91 years 11 days Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (UK) was born on 21 Apr 1926 and became the world’s oldest monarch on 23 Jan 2015, aged 88 years 277 days. As of 2 May 2017, she was 91 years 11 days old. Goldfish 43 years A goldfish named Tish, owned by Hilda and Gordon Hand of Carlton Miniott, North Yorkshire, UK, lived for 43 years. Hilda’s son Peter won Tish at a fairground stall in 1956. The oldest continuous ice core covers 740,000 years of climate history. It is 3,139 m (10,298 ft) long, with a 10-cm (4-in) diameter. The core was drilled at Dome C in Antarctica by the 10-nation EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) and announced on 9 Jun 2004. Ice core 740,000 years Published in the journal Nature in 2015, compelling evidence has been presented of stone tools that date back as far as 3.3 million years. The stone flakes, cores and anvils were unearthed in 2011, near Lake Turkana in Kenya, by Sonia Harmand of Stony Brook University (USA) and her team. Stone tools 3.3 million years The first domesticated plants are the eight species of Neolithic founder crop. Domesticated by early Holocene farming communities in south-west Asia’s Fertile Crescent region, they date back to 9500 BCE and consist of the flax plant, four species of pulse and three species of cereal. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are among the oldest cultivated plants that are used primarily for drink. The earliest documented evidence proving that grapes were cultivated to make wine dates to 6000 BCE in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). Plant cultivated for drink 8,000 years Plants cultivated for food 11,500 years In 1903, prehistoric rock art was discovered in the El Castillo cave in Puente Viesgo in Cantabria, Spain. Alongside paintings of animals and handprints is one red disc that is at least 40,800 years old. Nearby is a hand stencil that dates back at least 37,300 years. Cave art 40,800 years Levens Hall in Cumbria, UK, has topiary designs that were initially planted and trained in the 1690s. The shapes include “Chess Pieces”, the “Judge’s Wig” and the “Great Umbrellas”. Topiary garden c. 327 years Zoo 265 years The oldest continuously operating zoo is the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna, Austria. It was first opened to the public in 1779, although initially it had been created in 1752 as a crown menagerie. Jeanne Louise Calment (FRA) was born on 21 Feb 1875 to Nicolas (1837–1931) and Marguerite (neé Gilles, 1838–1924). She died 122 years later at a nursing home in Arles, southern France, on 4 Aug 1997. Person 122 years 164 days Message in a bottle 108 years 138 days The oldest bottled message spent 108 years 138 days at sea after being released by the Marine Biological Association (UK) in the North Sea (52°4.8'N; 003°37'E) on 30 Nov 1906. The message was found at Germany’s Amrum island on 17 Apr 2015. The Icelandic Althing was founded in 930 CE. This body, which originally comprised 39 local chieftains at Thingvellir, was abolished in 1800 but restored by Denmark to a consultative status in 1843 and a legislative status in 1874. Existing parliament 1,087 years Cat 38 years 3 days Creme Puff was born on 3 Aug 1967 and lived until 6 Aug 2005 – an amazing 38 years! Creme Puff lived with her owner, Jake Perry, in Austin, Texas, USA. On 26 Jul 1920, at the Antwerp Olympics, Oscar Swahn (SWE, b. 20 Oct 1847) became the oldest Olympic medallist, aged 72 years 280 days. On 4 Jul 1912, Swahn had been in the victorious men’s 100 m running deer (double shots) shooting team at the Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden, aged 64 years 258 days. That win made him the oldest Olympic gold medallist. The 100 m running deer was a target shooting competition at the Olympics from 1908 to 1948. Olympic medallist 72 years 280 days Amusement park 434 years Bakken, located in Klampenborg, north of Copenhagen in Denmark, opened in 1583 and is the world’s oldest operating amusement park. It claims to have more than 150 attractions, including a wooden roller-coaster built in 1932. Egyptian hieroglyphs c. 5,300 years The oldest known examples of Egyptian hieroglyphs were unearthed in 1999 in Abydos, 300 mi (483 km) south of Cairo. Imprinted on clay seal impressions and ivory tags, they have been dated to between 3400 BCE and 3200 BCE. Vomit 160 million years On 12 Feb 2002, a team of palaeontologists led by Prof Peter Doyle (UK) announced their discovery of the fossilized vomit of an ichthyosaur, a large, fish-like marine reptile. The existence of Nyasasaurus parringtoni was established from a partial skeleton in a deposit of fossils present within the Manda Beds near Tanzania’s Lake Nyasa. The skeleton is some 240 million years old and was around the size of a Labrador dog. N. parringtoni was formally described in Dec 2012. Dated dinosaur 240 million years The oldest documented vertebrate is Haikouichthys. Regarded as an early fish, it had a distinct head and tail, as well as gills and a dorsal fin. Vertebrate 530 million years 8,000–100 million years

SUPERLATIVES - Guinness World Records Kids: Home€¦ · Cave art 40,800 37,300 years. years Topiary garden c. 327 Levens Hall in Cumbria, UK, has topiary designs that were initially

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Page 1: SUPERLATIVES - Guinness World Records Kids: Home€¦ · Cave art 40,800 37,300 years. years Topiary garden c. 327 Levens Hall in Cumbria, UK, has topiary designs that were initially

100

–50

0 y

earsOld

est…

SUPERLATIVES

From

long

-liv

ed p

ets

to t

he o

ldes

t fr

agm

ents

of

our

plan

et, w

e ex

plor

e Ea

rth’

s 4

.55-

billi

on-y

ear

hist

ory

to c

eleb

rate

rec

ord-

brea

king

long

evit

y in

its

man

y fo

rms.

50

0–8

,00

0 y

ears

A G

reat

Bas

in b

rist

leco

ne

pin

e (P

inu

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ng

aeva

) kn

own

as

Pro

met

heu

s w

as c

ut

dow

n fr

om W

hee

ler

Pea

k in

Nev

ada,

U

SA

, in

196

3. A

lth

oug

h 4

,867

rin

gs

wer

e co

un

ted

in

it, t

he

tree

was

in a

har

sh

envi

ron

men

t th

at h

ad

slow

ed it

s g

row

th. I

ts t

rue

age

has

bee

n es

tim

ated

at

c. 5

,20

0 y

ears

old

.

Tree

c. 5

,20

0 y

ears

> 10

0 m

illio

n y

ears

Dow

nlo

ad t

his

post

er: g

uinn

essw

orld

reco

rds.

com

/20

18

Hot

el1,

312

yea

rs

The

Nis

hiy

ama

On

sen

Keiu

nka

n in

Yam

anas

hi,

Jap

an, i

s a

hot

-sp

rin

g h

otel

th

at h

as b

een

oper

atin

g si

nce

70

5 c

e.

Wre

stlin

g co

mp

etit

ion

55

7 ye

ars

The

Kır

kpın

ar w

rest

ling

fest

ival

has

bee

n h

eld

ann

ual

ly s

ince

14

60

n

ear

Edir

ne

in T

urk

ey.

Par

tici

pan

ts c

oate

d in

oil

vie

for

the

Gol

den

Bel

t.

The

Bar

ber

ton

Gre

enst

one

Bel

t, o

r M

akh

onjw

a M

oun

tain

s, in

Sou

th A

fric

a is

for

med

fro

m r

ocks

up

to 3

.6 b

illio

n ye

ars

old

. Th

e m

oun

tain

s h

ave

a m

axim

um

alt

itu

de

of a

rou

nd

1,8

00

m

(5,9

05

ft) a

bov

e se

a le

vel.

Mou

nta

in r

ang

e3

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illio

n ye

ars

Tiny

, dia

mon

d-lik

e cr

ysta

ls o

f zi

rcon

(Z

rSiO

4) fro

m t

he

Jac

k H

ills

in W

este

rn A

ust

ralia

are

th

e ol

des

t m

iner

als

so f

ar d

ated

on

Ear

th. A

20

14 s

tud

y es

tim

ated

th

eir

age

to b

e 4

.374

bill

ion

year

s (±

6 m

illio

n ye

ars)

. Th

is m

ean

s th

at t

hes

e zi

rcon

s w

ere

crea

ted

“on

ly”

arou

nd

160

mill

ion

year

s af

ter

Ear

th

itse

lf w

as

form

ed.

Frag

men

t of

Ear

th4

.374

bill

ion

year

s

0–1

00

yea

rs

Dog

29

year

s 5

mon

ths

The

gre

ates

t re

liab

le

age

reco

rded

for

a d

og is

2

9 ye

ars

for

an A

ust

ralia

n ca

ttle

dog

nam

ed B

luey

, ow

ned

by

Les

Hal

l of

Roc

hes

ter,

Vic

tori

a,

Au

stra

lia. B

luey

was

ob

tain

ed a

s a

pu

ppy

in

19

10 a

nd

wor

ked

amon

g ca

ttle

an

d sh

eep

for

nea

rly

20 y

ears

bef

ore

bei

ng

pu

t to

sle

ep

on 1

4 N

ov 1

939.

Rei

gn

ing

mon

arch

91

year

s 11

day

s

Her

Maj

esty

Qu

een

Eliz

abet

h II

(UK

) was

b

orn

on 2

1 A

pr

1926

an

d b

ecam

e th

e w

orld

’s o

ldes

t m

onar

ch o

n 23

Jan

20

15,

aged

88

year

s 27

7 d

ays.

As

of 2

May

20

17,

she

was

91

year

s 11

day

s ol

d.

Goldfish

43

yea

rs

A g

old

fish

nam

ed T

ish

, ow

ned

by

Hild

a an

d G

ord

on H

and

of C

arlt

on M

inio

tt, N

orth

Yo

rksh

ire,

UK

, liv

ed f

or 4

3 ye

ars.

Hild

a’s

son

Pet

er w

on T

ish

at a

fai

rgro

un

d st

all i

n 19

56

.

The

old

est

con

tin

uou

s ic

e co

re c

over

s 74

0,0

00

yea

rs o

f cl

imat

e h

isto

ry. I

t is

3

,139

m (1

0,2

98 f

t)

lon

g, w

ith

a 10

-cm

(4

-in)

dia

met

er.

The

core

was

d

rille

d at

Dom

e C

in

An

tarc

tica

by

the

10-n

atio

n EP

ICA

(Eu

rop

ean

Pro

ject

for

Ic

e C

orin

g in

A

nta

rcti

ca) a

nd

ann

oun

ced

on

9 J

un

200

4.

Ice

core

740

,00

0 y

ears

Pu

blis

hed

in t

he

jou

rnal

Nat

ure

in

2015

, com

pel

ling

evid

ence

has

bee

n p

rese

nte

d of

sto

ne

tool

s th

at d

ate

bac

k as

far

as

3.3

mill

ion

year

s.

The

ston

e fl

akes

, cor

es a

nd

anvi

ls w

ere

un

eart

hed

in 2

011

, n

ear

Lake

Tu

rkan

a in

Ken

ya,

by S

onia

Har

man

d of

Sto

ny

Bro

ok U

niv

ersi

ty (

US

A)

and

her

tea

m.

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ne

tool

s3

.3 m

illio

n ye

ars

The

first

dom

esti

cate

d pl

ants

are

th

e ei

ght

spec

ies

of N

eolit

hic

fou

nde

r cr

op. D

omes

tica

ted

by e

arly

Hol

ocen

e fa

rmin

g co

mm

un

itie

s in

sou

th-w

est

Asi

a’s

Fert

ile C

resc

ent

reg

ion

, th

ey

dat

e b

ack

to 9

50

0 b

ce

and

con

sist

of

the

flax

pla

nt,

fou

r sp

ecie

s of

pu

lse

and

thre

e sp

ecie

s of

cer

eal.

Gra

pes

(Vit

is v

inif

era)

ar

e am

ong

the

old

est

cult

ivat

ed p

lan

ts

that

are

use

d p

rim

arily

fo

r d

rin

k. T

he

earl

iest

d

ocu

men

ted

evid

ence

p

rovi

ng

that

gra

pes

w

ere

cult

ivat

ed t

o m

ake

win

e d

ates

to

60

00

bc

e in

Mes

opot

amia

(m

oder

n-d

ay Ir

aq).

Pla

nt

cult

ivat

ed

for

dri

nk

8,0

00

yea

rs

Pla

nts

cu

ltiv

ated

for

foo

d11

,50

0 y

ears

In 1

903

, pre

his

tori

c ro

ck a

rt w

as

dis

cove

red

in t

he

El C

asti

llo c

ave

in

Pu

ente

Vie

sgo

in C

anta

bri

a, S

pai

n.

Alo

ng

sid

e p

ain

tin

gs

of a

nim

als

and

han

dp

rin

ts is

on

e re

d d

isc

that

is a

t le

ast

40

,80

0 y

ears

old

. Nea

rby

is a

h

and

sten

cil t

hat

dat

es b

ack

at le

ast

37,

30

0 y

ears

.

Cav

e ar

t4

0,8

00

yea

rs

Leve

ns

Hal

l in

Cu

mb

ria,

UK

, has

top

iary

des

ign

s th

at w

ere

init

ially

pla

nte

d an

d tr

ain

ed in

th

e 16

90s.

Th

e sh

apes

incl

ud

e “C

hes

s P

iece

s”, t

he

“Ju

dg

e’s

Wig

” an

d th

e “G

reat

Um

bre

llas”

.

Top

iary

gar

den

c. 3

27

year

sZ

oo2

65

year

s

The

old

est

con

tin

uou

sly

oper

atin

g zo

o is

th

e Ti

erg

arte

n S

chön

bru

nn

in V

ien

na,

Au

stri

a.

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as fi

rst

open

ed

to t

he

pu

blic

in 1

779,

al

thou

gh

init

ially

it

had

bee

n cr

eate

d in

17

52

as a

cro

wn

men

ager

ie.

Jea

nn

e Lo

uis

e C

alm

ent

(FR

A) w

as

bor

n on

21

Feb

1875

to

Nic

olas

(1

83

7–19

31) a

nd

Mar

gu

erit

e (n

eé G

illes

, 18

38

–19

24).

Sh

e d

ied

122

year

s la

ter

at a

nu

rsin

g h

ome

in A

rles

, sou

ther

n Fr

ance

, on

4 A

ug

1997

.

Per

son

122

yea

rs 1

64

day

sM

essa

ge

in a

bot

tle

108

yea

rs 1

38

day

s

The

old

est

bot

tled

mes

sag

e sp

ent

108

year

s 13

8 d

ays

at s

ea a

fter

b

ein

g re

leas

ed b

y th

e M

arin

e B

iolo

gic

al A

ssoc

iati

on (

UK

) in

the

Nor

th S

ea (5

2°4

.8'N

; 00

3°3

7'E

) on

30

Nov

190

6. T

he

mes

sag

e w

as

fou

nd

at G

erm

any’

s A

mru

m

isla

nd

on 1

7 A

pr

2015

.

The

Icel

and

ic A

lth

ing

was

fou

nd

ed

in 9

30

ce. T

his

bod

y, w

hic

h or

igin

ally

co

mp

rise

d 39

loca

l ch

ieft

ain

s at

Th

ing

velli

r, w

as a

bol

ish

ed in

18

00

bu

t re

stor

ed b

y D

enm

ark

to a

con

sult

ativ

e st

atu

s in

18

43

and

a le

gis

lati

ve

stat

us

in 1

874

.

Exi

stin

g p

arlia

men

t1,

08

7 ye

ars

Cat

38

yea

rs 3

day

s

Cre

me

Pu

ff w

as

bor

n on

3 A

ug

1967

an

d liv

ed u

nti

l 6 A

ug

200

5 –

an a

maz

ing

38

year

s! C

rem

e P

uff

live

d w

ith

her

ow

ner

, Jak

e P

erry

, in

Au

stin

, Te

xas,

US

A.

On

26 J

ul 1

920

, at

the

An

twer

p O

lym

pic

s, O

scar

S

wah

n (S

WE

, b. 2

0 O

ct 1

847

) bec

ame

the

old

est

Oly

mp

ic m

edal

list,

ag

ed 7

2 ye

ars

280

day

s. O

n 4

Ju

l 19

12, S

wah

n h

ad b

een

in t

he

vict

orio

us

men

’s

100

m r

un

nin

g d

eer

(dou

ble

sh

ots)

sh

ooti

ng

team

at

the

Oly

mp

ic G

ames

in S

tock

hol

m, S

wed

en, a

ged

64

year

s 25

8 d

ays.

Th

at w

in m

ade

him

th

e ol

des

t O

lym

pic

g

old

med

allis

t. T

he

100

m r

un

nin

g d

eer

was

a t

arg

et

shoo

tin

g co

mp

etit

ion

at t

he

Oly

mpi

cs f

rom

190

8 to

194

8.

Oly

mp

ic m

edal

list

72 y

ears

28

0 d

ays

Am

use

men

t p

ark

43

4 y

ears

Bak

ken

, loc

ated

in K

lam

pen

bor

g, n

orth

of

Cop

enh

agen

in D

enm

ark,

op

ened

in

158

3 an

d is

th

e w

orld

’s o

ldes

t op

erat

ing

amus

emen

t par

k. It

cla

ims

to h

ave

mor

e th

an 1

50

att

ract

ion

s, in

clu

din

g a

woo

den

ro

ller-

coas

ter

bu

ilt in

193

2.

Eg

ypti

an h

iero

gly

ph

sc.

5,3

00

yea

rs

The

old

est

know

n ex

amp

les

of E

gyp

tian

h

iero

gly

ph

s w

ere

un

eart

hed

in 1

99

9 in

A

byd

os, 3

00

mi (

48

3 km

) sou

th o

f C

airo

. Im

pri

nte

d on

cla

y se

al im

pre

ssio

ns

and

ivor

y ta

gs,

th

ey h

ave

bee

n d

ated

to

bet

wee

n 3

40

0 b

ce

and

320

0 b

ce.

Vom

it16

0 m

illio

n ye

ars

On

12 F

eb 2

00

2, a

tea

m o

f p

alae

onto

log

ists

led

by P

rof

Pet

er D

oyle

(U

K) a

nn

oun

ced

thei

r d

isco

very

of

the

foss

ilize

d vo

mit

of

an ic

hth

yosa

ur,

a la

rge,

fish

-lik

e m

arin

e re

pti

le.

The

exis

ten

ce o

f N

yasa

sau

rus

par

rin

gto

ni w

as

esta

blis

hed

fro

m a

par

tial

ske

leto

n in

a d

epos

it o

f fo

ssils

pre

sen

t w

ith

in t

he

Man

da

Bed

s n

ear

Tan

zan

ia’s

La

ke N

yasa

. Th

e sk

elet

on is

som

e 24

0 m

illio

n ye

ars

old

and

was

aro

un

d th

e si

ze o

f a

Lab

rad

or d

og.

N. p

arri

ngt

oni w

as f

orm

ally

des

crib

ed in

Dec

20

12.

Dat

ed d

inos

aur

24

0 m

illio

n ye

ars

The

old

est

doc

um

ente

d ve

rteb

rate

is H

aiko

uic

hth

ys.

Reg

arde

d as

an

earl

y fis

h, i

t h

ad a

dis

tin

ct h

ead

and

tail,

as

wel

l as

gill

s an

d a

dor

sal fi

n.

Ver

teb

rate

53

0 m

illio

n ye

ars

8,0

00

–10

0 m

illio

n y

ears