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Splicebook
Tips and Tricks for Expert Splicing and Choosing the Appropriate Rope.New Updated Edition
Our concern is that things connect
Geo. Gleistein und Sohn GmbHHeidlerchenstraße 728777 BremenPhone:• Sales department +49 (0)421 / 690 49-49• Purchasing department +49 (0)421 / 690 49-59• Technical department +49 (0)421 / 690 49-69Fax: +49 (0)421 / 690 49-99E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.gleistein.com
MACHBAR | Kassel fon +49.561.73912.42 fax.43 www.machbar.com4/2003
EUR 5,11
$ 5,-
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Splicebook 06|1Prologue
Dear Reader,
the Gleistein splicebook has been updated and is for the first time available in English. The content has been totally revised to give an overview of a variety of different splicingtechniques.
This second edition combines our experiencefrom more than 175 years of rope making andrigging with that of the cumulative knowledgeof both traditional and modern experiencedriggers in the field.
The “splice” is the optimal technical method oftransferring a load to a length of rope. Thesplice’s efficiency also makes it the most eco-nomical method of rope termination, as itsstrength realisation is considerably greater thanany knot, bend or hitch, regardless of the rope’sconstruction or material. In general, the higherthe break load of a rope, the higher the price. In use a rope is only as good as its termination.
Every rope construction has it’s own character-istics, peculiarities and anomalies. The newGleistein splicebook provides all the informationthat you need, in a simple form, to master the relevant splicing techniques. Whatever the application; whatever the material orconstruction; we are happy to share as muchaccumulated know – how as we can, because …
… our concern is that things connect.
Yours
Helmut Paul
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Our concern is that things connect
Our firm was founded in the year 1824 byCaptain George Gleistein and his son. In 1999, Gleistein celebrates its 175th Birthday. The oldest industrial family enterprise in Bremen can look back on the exciting history of a company that has developed from an outfitter of large sailing vessels to a specialistmanufacturer of many different modern andtraditional textile constructions.
What has always counted at Gleistein is the useof existing skills and techniques to develop newones.The combination of tradition and progress.
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Splicebook 02|3
A rope is only as strong as its weakest point,which is invariably its end connection. Eachconstruction, material and application has itsoptimum termination solution. We lay greatemphasis on the spliceability of our ropes.
With practice, patience and the instruction ofthis book, anybody can execute a reasonablesplice. The right tools also help and these toowe can supply.
A competent splicer should have no difficulty inapplying the techniques himself, but a visit toour rigging workshop or the premises of ouragents or distributors worldwide should provevaluable to the skilled and unpractised spliceralike.
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Splicebook 04|5The course
Splicing tools and accessories
Multi-strand laid ropes(e.g. Thempest)
Square Plaits(e.g. Nylon Mooring Line)
Hollow Braids(e.g. Polypropylene Hollow Braid)
Hollow Braids out of high modulus fibres(e.g. Dyna One, Dyneema Trimm)
Double Braids(e.g. Gemini X, Tasmania, Harkon, Standard, Bavaria, Dockline)
Braids with parallel fibre cores (e.g. Cup, Cup Classic)
Braids with parallel twine cores (e.g. Riviera)
Ropes with high modulus fibre cores (e.g. Vectran, Dyneema, Dyneema Classic, Dynamix, Dyna Lite, Caribic Color)
Whippings
Types and uses
Eye-Splice
Eye-Splice
Eye-Splice
End-to-End Splice
Eye-Splice
End-to-End Splice
Eye-Splice
End-to-End Splice
Back-Splice
Eye-Splice
Eye-Splice
Eye-SpliceMethod 1Method 2
Page 6
Page 9Page 10
Page 13Page 14
Page 17Page 18
Page 19
Page 21Page 22
Page 24
Page 25Page 26
Page 30
Page 34
Page 37Page 38
Page 41Page 42
Page 45
Page 46Page 50
Page 52
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Splicing tools andaccessoriesTypes and uses
The splicing tools for braided ropes aredifferentiated according to the task they have to fulfil. The splicing fid for twisted ropes formsopenings beneath the strands, whereas the fid and pusher for a braided rope form tunnels in the braids, whilst at the same time, beingmeasuring tools. All other rigging/splicing toolsand accessories are identical.
FidA different size fid is needed for every rope with a diameter of 6 mm and over. Themeasurements are marked on the fid.
PusherThe pusher pushes the fid and rope endthrough the cover or core.There are two pusher sizes, one is for ropesup to 12 mm diameter, the larger pusher is for ropes over 12 mm diameter.
TapeSmooth adhesive tape is required to hold therope ends together and prevent fraying.
Markier-StiftFelt-tippens are the most suitable.
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Splicing tools and accessories Splicebook 06|7
Wire marline spikeFor braids whose core consists of a twisted or abundle of threads, the wire marline spike is themost suitable. The big eye of the spike is utilisedto pull the core through the cover.
Splicing FidEither a solid or hollow (swedish) fid whichopenings can be made between the strands oftwisted ropes. Should be in every rigging kit.
Winch/Rigging BenchIt is sometimes useful to utilise a winch for thefinal closing of a splice with braided ropes. Thisensures that the core of a rope over which thecover is to be milked, is under correct tension.
ScissorsVery sharp scissors are required. All man madefibres quickly blunt scissors. Ceramic scissors are therefore better. Some riggers even use wirecutters, which have proven themselves well. A sharp knife may suffice with natural fibres.
Rigging yarn, sewingneedles, sailmakers palm:Rigging yarns are waxed for easierworking. The thickness of yarnsshould be appropriate to therespective rope diameter. Sewingneedles are required with sewnwhipping. The palm facilitatessewing through materials.
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Splicebook 08|9Multi-strand laid ropesEye-Splice
Construction and applicationsThe manufacture of ropes from twisted naturalfibres was a technique used in ancient Egyptsome 5.000 years ago.Fibres twisted together make a yarn. Several of these yarns twisted together in opposingdirections (to reduce the possibility ofuntwisting) produce a twine. Further twinesform a strand. Three, four or six of thesestrands twisted together will form a laid rope.When the direction of twist alternates fromstage to stage (i.e. from fibres, to yarns, totwines, to strands, to the final rope) thetendency of the rope to unlay, or untwist, isgreatly reduced and the rope’s stability andintegrity enhanced.
The laid rope is used in a large variety ofapplications. On traditional vessels it is used as a mooring line, sheet or halyard. It is alsowidely used for many other specialised jobssuch as towing, lashing or as security line.This multi purpose rope should always be usedwith a degree of caution, as laid ropes can havea tendency to kink or deform under certainloading conditions. A laid rope can be opened(with care) by using the opposite twist directionand the splicing technique for laid ropes takesadvantage of this property.
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Eye-Splice
Tucking through strand 2The fid is used to create a gap under theuppermost strand. The gap is maintained, the fid withdrawn and strand (2) is pushedthrough the gap.
Unlaying the rope end anddetermining the eye sizeThe three strands of the rope are unlaid aboutfour turns. If the rope is loosely constructed one safeguards it from further unravelling by a temporary layer of tape. The strands andremaining rope should keep their originalshape. The three strand ends are protectedagainst further unravelling by heat-sealing,whipping or taping. The diagram shows howthe size of an eye is determined. The middlestrand (2) lies between strands (1) and (3), as well as lying on top of the rope.
1.
2.
2
Eye-SpliceMulti-strand laid ropes
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Splicebook 010|11
Tucking through strand (1)The next step is to splice strand (1). The splicingposition is turned towards the body slightly andthe same procedure as with strand (2) is carriedout.
Tucking through strand (3)Now the other side of the eye is turnedupwards and strand (3) is spliced under theremaining firm strand. We have thus placedeach unravelled strand under a fixed strand,always against the lay of the rope.
3.
4.
2
1
12
3
3
Multi-strand laid ropes Eye-Splice
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The subsequent 3 complete tucksFrom this point, the second tuck is carried outagainst the rope lay over the next fixed strandand under the following fixed strand. The sameprocedure is performed with strands (1) and (3).Each strand is spliced three times. By theremoval of some rope yarns, tapering can beachieved and two further tucks can be done. The tapering gives the splice a slender stream-lined appearance.
Completion of the spliceThe overlapping strands and yarn ends are cutoff – not too close to the rope – and can beheat sealed although a better method is towhip the splice end.
5.
6.
Multi-strand laid ropes Eye-Splice
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Splicebook 012|13Square Plaitse.g. Polyamid, Geolon
Eye-Splice
Construction and applicationsTwo pairs of strands twisted in clockwise andtwo pairs twisted in anti-clockwise directions, in such a way that they cross in the centre ofthe rope, form a square cross sectional shapedrope called Square Plait, 8 Strand Cross Plait,Square Line or other similarly descriptive name.Square Plaits have found their applicationsmainly in commercial marine (mooring)applications and fishing, as they cannot kink or deform and are torque-free. They workparticularly well on capstan or hand-tailed typewinches, have a relatively high constructionalstretch and are easily spliced. These excellentproperties make this type of construction very popular amongst yachtsmen and formooring and anchoring applications.
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Eye Splice
Measurement of the tail length and eye sizeThe rope end is spliced back so this length islost and therefore needs to be considered in thefinal length of the rope. Remove the tape fromthe rope end, or where applicable cut off theheat sealed section of the rope end. Tape eachstrand end with a layer of tape and thereafteruse a thin layer of tape to stick the respectivepairs of strands together. Unbraid the rope to alength of nine rope lays. Fix a layer of tapearound the tenth lay, to prevent the rope fromunravelling. Now determine the size of the eye.
1.
9 rope lays
Square plaited ropes are braided from 4-strandpairs. The strands are twisted either clockwiseor anti-clockwise. This is also referred to as Zand S rope lay. The diagram illustrates how thedirection of rope lay can be easily recognised.The splicing technique requires that Z strandsare spliced only under Z-strands, and S-strandsonly under S-strands.
We have also tested this the other way around:Z-strands under S-strands and vice versa. Thetest results are the same. The first methodcorresponds more to “rope logic“: In the case ofa twisted rope, a strand twisted in one directionis also spliced under a strand likewise twisted inthe same direction.Splicing tools: Fid and tape
Square Plaits Eye-Splice
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Splicebook 014|15
The four initial tucksWe position the section that is to be spliced insuch a manner, that two pairs of strands lie ontop, and two at the bottom of the rope. The top strands are twisted in a Z- or respectively S-direction. Begin with the Z-pair of strands. As shown in the diagram, they are tucked undera Z-pair of strands. It is advantageous here, touse the fid to form the opening for this (as wellas subsequent tucks) under the strands. Now,take the S-strand pair, and tuck them under theneighbouring pair of S-strands.
The splice is now rotated 180º. At this stage,proceed in the same manner as with the firsttwo tucks. Pull all strands that you have passedthrough the rope evenly, but not too tight, soas to prevent the eye section swelling up.
2.
Square Plaits Eye-Splice
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