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Surface Water(Lakes, streams, ponds, wetlands, etc.)
Surface Water(Lakes, streams, ponds, wetlands, etc.)
The total area from which a stream draws its water.
The boundaries of the drainage area are called drainage divides
The total area from which a stream draws its water.
The boundaries of the drainage area are called drainage divides
Drainage Basin(Watershed)
Drainage Basin(Watershed)
Major North
American Drainage Basins & Divides
Major North
American Drainage Basins & Divides
Discharge:17,500 m3/sec
Colorado River Colorado River Drainage BasinDrainage Basin
Continental Continental DivideDivide
Bottom Line:Bottom Line:
• Know your watershed - everything that is in the watershed can end up in the stream.
• The precipitation, evaporation, and % runoff of the basin will determine how much water is available.
Groundwater
Groundwater
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GW Recharge Area(Infiltration)
GW Discharge
GW Flow
Porosity = The percent void space in a rock or
sediment
Porosity = The percent void space in a rock or
sediment
Permeability = The ability of a material to transmit
a fluid
Permeability = The ability of a material to transmit
a fluid
Unsaturated Zone:Unsaturated Zone:Pores include both air and water
Saturated Zone:Saturated Zone:Pores filled with
water
Groundwater Table
Groundwater
Recharge
Groundwater
Recharge
AquiferAquifer
= A geologic unit capable of storing and transmitting water in sufficient quantities to
supply wells
Generally not an “underground cave”
= A geologic unit capable of storing and transmitting water in sufficient quantities to
supply wells
Generally not an “underground cave”
Groundwater Flow & Discharge
Groundwater Flow & Discharge
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U.S. Groundwater Withdrawals: 1950-1995U.S. Groundwater Withdrawals: 1950-1995
Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts
1. Groundwater depletion
2. Land subsidence
3. Saltwater intrusion
Groundwater Use and SupplyGroundwater Use and Supply
Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts
1. Groundwater depletion
2. Land subsidence
3. Saltwater intrusion
Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts
1. Groundwater depletion
2. Land subsidence
3. Saltwater intrusion
Venice, Italy
Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts
1. Groundwater depletion
2. Land subsidence
3. Saltwater intrusion
San Joaquin Valley, CA
The Winter Park Sinkhole, FloridaThe Winter Park Sinkhole, Florida
(Photo by Leif (Photo by Leif Skoogfors)Skoogfors)
Groundwater ImpactsGroundwater Impacts
1. Groundwater depletion
2. Land subsidence
3. Saltwater intrusion
SolutionsSolutions
Find Moreor
Use Less
SolutionsFinding More Water
SolutionsFinding More Water
1. Enhanced Recharge2. Other Sources
• Desalination• Icebergs
3. Dams
Recharge Pond, Long Island
SolutionsFinding More Water
SolutionsFinding More Water
1. Enhanced Recharge2. Other Sources
• Desalination• Icebergs
3. Dams
Desalination Plant
SolutionsFinding More Water
SolutionsFinding More Water
1. Enhanced Recharge2. Other Sources
• Desalination• Icebergs
3. Dams
Icebergs
SolutionsFinding More Water
SolutionsFinding More Water
1. Enhanced Recharge2. Other Sources
• Desalination• Icebergs
3. Dams
Ross Dam, WA
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SolutionsUsing Less Water
SolutionsUsing Less Water
1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency
• Agriculture• Home Use
3. Water Reclamation & Reuse
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SolutionsUsing Less Water
SolutionsUsing Less Water
1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency
• Agriculture• Home Use
3. Water Reclamation & Reuse
Grow Local
SolutionsUsing Less Water
SolutionsUsing Less Water
1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency
• Agriculture• Home Use
3. Water Reclamation & Reuse
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Drip Irrigation
SolutionsUsing Less Water
SolutionsUsing Less Water
1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency
• Agriculture• Home Use
3. Water Reclamation & Reuse
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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SolutionsUsing Less
Water
SolutionsUsing Less
Water
1. Use Less Water2. Improved Efficiency
• Agriculture• Home Use
3. Water Reclamation & Reuse QuickTime™ and a
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Rooftop Harvesting - King Street Center, Seattle