Surgical and Radiation Therapy

7/30/2019 Surgical and Radiation Therapy

1/22

Surg ical and

Radiat ionTherapies

Mark Jo seph S. Tunac, RN


2/22

Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy is a type

of surgery that

destroys cancer cells

by freezing them.

Cryotherapy may be

used to treat cancers

of the skin, liver,

cervix, prostate,bone, lung and for

various pediatric

cancers.


3/22

Ablat ion

Ablation is a minimally invasive technique that

that destroys tumors without removing them.

Ablation is often used for patients with a few

small tumors when surgery is not a goodoption. This type of treatment may be done as

an outpatient or require a brief overnight stay.

Ablation may be used as a treatment for

cancers of the hepatobiliary system, includingthe liver, pancreas and gallbladder.


4/22

Types o f Ablat ion

Cryoablation

Microwave ablation

Radiofrequency ablation


5/22

Cryoablat ion

Cryoablation (percuta

neous) is a minimally

invasive treatmentoption for patients

whose tumors cannot

be removed by

surgery or are at high-risk for surgical

complications.


6/22

Microwave ab lat ion

Microwave antennae

are inserted into the

target lesion underimaging guidance.

The microwaves

create a well-defined

zone of thermalablation around each

antenna.


7/22

Radio frequency ab lat ion

This type of ablation

kills cancer cells by

heating and destroying

them. Physicians insert

a thin needle guided by

(CT) or ultrasound throu

gh the skin and into thetumor.


8/22

CyberKni feCyberKnife is one of

several different types

of radiosurgery that

uses the extremely

focused beams ofradiation to treat

cancerous tumors

without actually needing

to cut into the body.CyberKnife is most

frequently used to treat

brain tumors


9/22

da Vinc i

Building on thetechniques for

laparoscopic surgery

, the surgical tools

inserted into the

patient through the

ports are connected

to robotic armsrather than held by

the surgeon.


10/22

da Vinci

Prostate cancer Uterine cancer

Lung cancer

Head and neck cancers Laryngeal cancer

Pharyngeal cancer

Thyroid cancer

Tongue cancer

Tonsil cancer


11/22

Embol izat ion

Embolization is a minimally invasivetherapy to block a blood vessel. It is

commonly used to stop bleeding as well

as to stop blood flow to a tumor in order

to shrink it or in preparation for removal.

Different types of embolization are used

for tumors in specific areas of the body.

The following are most often used ontumors affecting the liver, bile duct, panc

reas and liver.


12/22

Types of Embo l izat ion

Bland embolization

Chemoembolization (LC Beads)

Portal vein embolization

Radioembolization and selective

internal radiation therapy (SIRT)


13/22

B land embo l izat ion

a treatment option for liver cancer patient

s where the tumors cannot be removed

by surgery because of their location or

number of tumors. This can treat tumorsthat have originated in the liver and

tumors that spread from other sites

(colon or breast). Through a catheter,small particles are injected to prevent

blood flow to the tumor.


14/22

Chemoembo l izat ion (LC Beads)

beads are injected into the vessels to

block the blood flow to the tumor,

causing it to shrink over time.


15/22

Portal vein embo l izat ion

a procedure that blocks the flow of blood

to an area of the liver. Tiny particles are

injected into the vein and this blockage

redirects the blood flow to the side of theliver that is not being embolized allowing

for surgery to be possible.


16/22

Rad ioembol izat ion and select ive intern

al rad iat ion therapy (SIRT)

delivers radiation directly to the tumorthrough millions of microscopic radioactive

spheres, called SIR-Spheres or

TheraSpheres, where they destroy the

tumor by depositing millions of tinyradioactive emitters around the tumor

nodules in the liver. These particles act like

local radiation therapy directly to the tumors, with very few side effects.


17/22

Endoscop ic ret rograde cho lang iopanc r

eatography (ERCP)

It combines combinesX-ray imaging and the

use of an endoscope

(a long, flexible, lighted

tube) to diagnose and

treat problems in the

liver, gallbladder, bile d

ucts and pancreas.ERCP may be used to help diagnose

these types of cancer:

Liver cancer

Gallbladder cancer

Bile duct cancer

Pancreatic cancer


18/22

Gamma Kni fe

The therapy is most

often used to treat

brain tumors and has

been in popular use

for nearly half a

century.

Gamma Knifetechnology is a type

of radiation treatment

known asstereotactic

radiosurgery that

destroys the tumor

without opening the

skull as in traditional

open surgery.


19/22

Image-gu ided radiat ion therapy

Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) isa type of external radiation therapy that d

elivers precisely targeted radiation to tu

mors and reduces exposure to the surrounding healthy tissues.


20/22

Image-gu ided radiat ion therapy

TomoTherapy

Cancers of the sinus and

pharynx, certain brain

tumors, prostate cancerand difficult cancer

recurrences, especially

after prior radiation

therapy, often respond

well to TomoTherapy.

Trilogy

Breast cancer

Lung cancer

Prostate cancer

Kidney cancer

Liver cancer

Colon cancer


21/22

Tomotherapy Trilogy


22/22

Thank you .

Documents

Surgical and Radiation Therapy