The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

Surveillance in Europe:status and plans

Johan MartenssonNetwork Manager Directorate, EUROCONTROL

MAKS 2013, Moscow29th August 2013

Agenda

2

1 • Introduction

2• Deployment &

Regulations

3• Performance

Analysis

4 • Next steps

3

ADS-B/WAM Deployment – CASCADE

Ground Surveillance Applications (ADS-B Out)

ADS-B Receiver

Enhanced ATS in Non-Radar areas (NRA) Enhanced ATS in Radar areas (RAD) Airport Surface Surveillance (APT) Aircraft derived data (ADD)

2010 IOC

ATS – Air Traffic ServicesTSA – Traffic Situation Awareness

Airborne Surveillance Applications (ADS-B In ATSAW)

2011 IOC Enhanced TSA during Flight operations (AIRB) In Trail Procedure (ITP) Visual separation on approach (VSA) Enhanced TSA for Surface operations (SURF)

Wide Area Multilateration (WAM)

Interval Management (FIM - ADS-B In Spacing)

4

Global interoperability

• More than a decade of intensive international co-operation• ANSPs/Airspace Users/Industry/Regulators

• Common Standards for Operations and Systems • Completed for

• ADS-B Out• ADS-B In: Traffic Situation Awareness in the cockpit

• Ongoing for • ADS-B In: Spacing, Separation, Alerting

• Aligned Certification material• Civil-Military interoperability

• Reduction of exemptions for State aircraft• Provisions for military in SES Regulations• Rationalisation of CNS infrastructure

• Exchange of functional performance assessment results• Guidance to implementers• Great contribution to global interoperability and cost-efficiency

Agenda

5

1 • Introduction

2• Deployment &

Regulations

3• Performance

Analysis

4 • Next steps

6

AD

S-B

IN Voluntary implementation in wider areasNew equipage

Pioneer Phase

Avionics: EASA AMC20-24 and later EASA CS-ACNS

WA

M

WAM / ADS-B Ground system Deployment

ADS-B and WAM Deployment in Europe A

DS-

B O

UT

20172015

Voluntary implementationin pocket areasCertified existing equipage

IR based implementationin wider areasUpgraded equipage

Forward-fit Retro-fit

Pioneer Phase Mandate Phase

Avionics: EASA AMC20-24

Avionics: EASA CS-ACNS

EU Regulation 1207/2011

2019State a/c

77

ADS-B Out and Mode S MandateEuropean Commission Single European SkySurveillance Performance & Interoperability

Implementing Rule(SPI IR)

● All aircraft flying IFR/GAT● Mode S ELS

● Aircraft flying IFR/GAT >5700 kg or >250kts TAS ● ADS-B Out & Mode S EHS

● Option for ADS-B specific airspace mandate

● Mandate dates● Forward fit 8 Jan 2015● Retrofit 7 Dec 2017● Provisions for State a/c (Article 8)

● 7 Dec 2017 (Mode S ELS)● 1 Jan 2019 (Mode S EHS and ADS-B for transport-type aircraft)

Regulation (EU) 1207/2011

Mode S radar Deployment

• 322 Mode S radars • 12 new applications (not included) 8

99

Legend 

ADS-Bcurrent equipage

 ADS-B updated avionics

 WAM with ADS-B capabilities

 ADS-B and WAM Opportunities

DatesSystem DeploymentD = Deployed

Austria

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Cyprus

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Iceland

Italy

Latvia

Netherlands

Norway

Portugal

Romania

Spain

Sweden

UK

ADS-B & WAM Deployment

10

Estimated ADS-B & WAM sensors & systems

10

AMC 20-24

Legacy ADS-B Out installations are generally compliant to AMC20-24Several configurations are CertifiedCurrently used in OperationsShort term implementation in lower density airspace

CS-ACNS – compliance means for EU Regulation 1207/2011

Avionics upgrade required (currently limited availability)Support high density surveillanceRecommended (future) implementation baseline

Aircraft readiness for ADS-B Out operationsTwo certification baselines:

EU IR 1207/2011 (CS-ACNS)Key ADS-B Avionics Requirements

GNSS(E)TSO-C129a (DO208)

(E)TSO-C145/146 (DO229D)(E)TSO-C196 (DO316)

Transponder(E)TSO-C166b

(ED102A/DO260B)(E)TSO-C112d

(ED73E/DO181E)

• System Integrity: 10-5/fh

• System Continuity: 5000fh MTBF*

• Stringent Latency requirements

• Additional GPS receiver qualification required (beyond ETSO level)

• Same data sources as for SSR

• Device & function failure indications

• Air/ground status determination

• Geo Alt: only height-above-ellipsoid

• Antenna diversity, transmit power – same as for Mode S

* CS-ACNS NPA suggesting “remote” discussion on-going

Total Latency: < 1.5sUncomp. Latency: < 0.6s

ADS-B Out Regulations in Europe and USAHigh-level comparison

Europe 1207/2011(Draft CS-ACNS) ≈ US 14 CFR 91.227(AC20-165A)1207/2011 91.227

Applicability Aircraft related Airspace related

ADS-B Out Protocol Identical (ED-102A / DO-260B, 1090ES v2)91.227 allows for UAT below 18 000ft

Antenna Diversity Required Required, bottom-mounted allowed for A1S,B1S

Position source ETSO-C129a/196/145/146 + additional requirements

NIC=7(0.2NM), NACp=8(0.05NM), NACv=1(10m/s), SIL=3, SDA=2ETSO-C129()/196/145/146*+ additional requirements

* In practice, higher end receivers (145/146) will likely be required to meet the US rule with satisfactory availability

Data items Same baseline + Vertical rate, GPS antenna offset, Selected Altitude, Barometric Pressure Setting

Same baseline + ADS-B In Capability

1414

Aircraft Type

ADS-B IN installation type Number of Aircraft

B767 EFB Class 3 3A330 Integrated display system 16

A330 EFB Class 3 5Total 24

• First ATSAW certified aircraft delivered June 2011• First ATSAW Operations by Swiss 7 Feb 2012• 5000+ flights performed so far

ADS-B IN5000+ ATSAW flights

• Other operators are ordering ADS-B In for new a/c

Pioneer operators

Agenda

15

1 • Introduction

2• Deployment &

Regulations

3• Performance

Analysis

4 • Next steps

Surveillance Evolution & Consequences

• Surveillance functions are moving to the aircraft• Cooperative surveillance: Mode A/C >> Mode S >> ADS-B• More information is provided by the airborne sub-system• Surveillance performance is more dependent on the airborne sub-system

• Airborne surveillance sub-system is becoming more complex• More functions • Increasing number of interfaces with avionics

Increasing need for air-ground & air-air interoperability

Increasing need for inter-avionics equipment interoperability

16

17

Performance Monitoring

International co-ordination

13300 ADS-B aircraft in the Database19 billion ADS-B reports Continuous monitoring

Agenda

18

1 • Introduction

2• Deployment &

Regulations

3• Performance

Analysis

4 • Next steps

Ground SurveillanceTechnical specifications

• Composite ADS-B and WAM surveillance system specification• Surveillance services from a single equipment network

architecture • New system specification for combined systems (ED-nnn)• Updated ADS-B & WAM system specifications

(ED-129 & ED-142)

• Generic Surveillance (GEN-SUR) - SPR & PSC• Guidance to address safety requirements in EC Regulation

1207/2011 – Safety assessment for all Surveillance systems• Combining surveillance techniques (ADS-B, Radar, WAM) at

functional a level

Ground SurveillanceSatellite based ADS-B

• Global coverage of ADS-B Out • excluding higher density areas

• Several studies• One consortium (Aireon) with firm deployment plans

• Objective to support 15-15 NM Separation• 66 LEO satellites (Iridium NEXT)• First launch 2015 / Full constellation 2017

• ATM Impact – key areas• Network Improvement• Business Case• Interoperability• Global coordination will be required

ADS-B Out expansion beyond Air Transport

• Proposal to increase the scope of EU Regulation 1207/2011• No change to existing requirements or dates !• Objective to cover all aircraft subject to surveillance• Maximise Surveillance infrastructure rationalisation• Mitigate airspace infringements and prevent misleading data

• Low cost ADS-B Out [GNSS & Transponder]• Two initiatives:

• LPSE – Low Power Surveillance Equipment (FAA)• LPAT – Low Power ADS-B Transceiver (UK)

• Voluntary equipage• Target low end airspace users, visible for Situation Awareness

but not for ATC separation services• Mitigate airspace infringements and prevent misleading data

ABS-B IN Next steps

• Flight Deck Interval Management (FIM)• Speed guidance to achieve precise interval spacing between aircraft• Step 1: MOPS & SPR target end 2014 • Step 2: tbd

• Traffic Situation Awareness with Alerts (TSAA)• ADS-B based collision avoidance system for aircraft without ACAS II• At the “traffic advisory” level, i.e. no coordination or resolution advisories• MOPS & SPR target end 2013

• CDTI Assisted Visual Separation on Approach (CAVS)• After initial visual contact - allow Own Visual Separation where the

Display replaces visual contact• MOPS & SPR target end 2013

Other Surveillance related Developments

• Flight plan indications for ADS-B• Proposal to introduce means to indicate specific ADS-B Out

and ADS-B In capabilities in the ICAO flight plan • FPL 2012 indications as baseline• Expanding through the SUR/ indicator in Item 18

• ACAS improvements• Hybrid ACAS – reduced RF though passive use of ADS-B• ACAS X – Improved ACAS, backwards compatible, with

application adjusted logic

• Improved data link for Surveillance• 1090 MHz increased bandwidth through phase modulation• Future data link studies

Conclusions

Surveillance standards and Regulationspublished

Airborne & Ground Deployment

ongoing

New Application

Developmentongoing

Global Interoperability

RationalisedHigh Performance

Surveillancesystem

Questions

SES Surveillance Regulations overview…

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020 …

Airborne Surveillance – ADS-B In Voluntary benefit driven implementation

Air / Ground Interface – Mode S & ADS-B Out – IR driven

Ground Surveillance – ADS-B Out / Mode S / WAMMost appropriate & efficient surveillance solution for the particular environment

Aircraft operators

Service providers

EC IR 1207/2011Forward-fit

ELS / EHS / ADS-BRetro-fit

ELS / EHS / ADS-BMil. a/c

ELSMil.Trp.a/c

EHS / ADS-B

Systems ready for Aircraft ID as identification means

EC IR 1206/2011

NPA 2012-19 -> CS-ACNS

Airborne Safety net – ACAS II v7.1 – IR drivenEC IR 1332/2011

EUR Retro-fit v7.1

ICAO Forward-fit v7.1

EUR Forward-fit v7.1

SES Surveillance Regulations Applicability

Earlier

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Later

Timeline

TCAS v7.1 Fwd1 Mar 2012

TCAS v7.1 Rtr1 Dec 2015

ADS-B/ELS/EHS Fwd 8 Jan 2015

ADS-B/ELS/EHS Rtr + ELS Mil. a/c

7 dec 2017

ADS-B/EHS Mil. Trp. a/c1 Jan 2019

EU IR 1207/2011 – Mode S & ADS-B Out (v2)• All IFR/GAT aircraft

• Mode S ELS• IFR/GAT aircraft >5700kg or >250kts TAS

• ADS-B Out• Fixed wing IFR/GAT aircraft >5700kg or >250kts TAS

• Mode S EHS

EU IR 1332/2011 – ACAS II v7.1• Turbine-powered aeroplanes > 5 700 kg or > 19 passengers

• ACAS II v7.1 Also applies to aircraft which will be equipped on a voluntary basisDoes not apply to unmanned aircraft systems

ANSPs• Most efficient

solution• Possibility for

local mandates

Ground systems ACID ready2 Jan 2020 (EU IR 1206/2011)

Regional Mode S mandates

• ADS-B Out• Annex 10 Volume IV (Current Amdt 85, next version: v2 ES 1207/2011)• Mode S Services on ES (Doc 9871 ed2, 2012)

• ADS-B In [AIRB, ITP, SURF, VSA] + [IM, CAVS, CAPP, TSAA] +…• PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) to include A/C Operating Procedures • Airborne Surveillance Manual (Draft Doc 9994, ASTAF)• ITP (SASP and ASTAF)

• PANS-ATM (Doc 4444) ITP Circular (Draft)

• Mode S & ACAS II• Annex 10 Volume III & IV• Mode S Services on ES (Doc 9871 ed2, 2012)• ACAS Manual (Doc 9863 ed2, 2012)

SASP - Separation and Airspace Safety PanelASTAF - Airborne Surveillance Task Force

ICAO Documents

• Equipment certification:• ADS-B Out ETSO-C166b (Jul 2012)* + ETSO-C129a / ETSO-C145c/146c / ETSO-196a

• ADS-B In ETSO-C195a (Jul 2012), TCAS hybrid sur. ETSO-C119c (Dec 2009)

• ACAS II ETSO-C119c (Dec 2009)

• Mode S ETSO-C112d (to be issued)

• Airworthiness Approval • ADS-B Out: CS-ACNS (NPA 2012-19, expected Q2 2013)

(AC20-165A (Nov 2012))• ADS-B In: CRI (Certification Review Item), Tbd EASA Certification Memo

(AC20-172A (Mar 2012))• Mode S & CS-ACNS (NPA 2012-19, expected Q2 2013), JAA TGL13 Rev1 (June

2003),ACAS II AMC20-13 (Dec 2006)

(AC20-131A, AC20-151A)

Regional Regulatory Documents

29

Parameter 1207/2011(Draft CS-ACNS) AMC 20-24 §91.227 (AC20-165A)

ICAO 24 bit address Mandatory Mandatory MandatoryAircraft identification Mandatory Mandatory MandatoryMode A code (incl. disabling function) Mandatory Mandatory MandatorySpecial position indication (SPI or IDENT) Mandatory Mandatory MandatoryEmergency status (incl. emgy indication) Mandatory Mandatory* MandatoryBarometric Pressure altitude (incl NICbaro) Mandatory Mandatory MandatoryADS-B version number Mandatory, ≥ 2 Mandatory Mandatory, ≥ 2Horizontal position (incl. NIC, NACp, SDA & SIL) Mandatory Mandatory* MandatoryHorizontal Velocity (E/W,N/S & Hdg/Trk gnd, HRD, NACv) Mandatory Recommended MandatoryGeometric Altitude (HAE) (incl. GVA) Mandatory - MandatoryADS-B Emitter category Mandatory - MandatoryAircraft length and width Mandatory - MandatoryGNSS antenna offset Mandatory - RecommendedVertical rate (Hybrid, Baro, Baro-inertial or GNSS) Mandatory* - RecommendedSelected Altitude (MCP/FCU incl status) If available - OptionalSelected Heading - - Optional Barometric pressure setting If available - -ACAS traffic status (incl. RA active (TCAS II) etc) If available - If TCAS II installedACAS installed & operating RA capable (TCAS II) If available - If TCAS II installedADS-B In capability installed - - If installed .30

ADS-B Out Required Data items

Mode S Required Data itemsParameter ELS

1207/2011 (Draft CS-ACNS)EHS

1207/2011 (Draft CS-ACNS)

ICAO 24 bit address Mandatory MandatoryAircraft identification Mandatory MandatoryMode A code Mandatory MandatorySpecial position indication (SPI or IDENT) Mandatory MandatoryEmergency status (incl. Mode A codes) Mandatory MandatoryBarometric Pressure altitude Mandatory MandatoryLevel 2 SI Code capable Mandatory MandatoryFlight Status (Air/Gnd) Mandatory MandatoryData link capability report (ACAS, Mode S, ES, SI,…) Mandatory MandatoryACAS traffic status (incl. RA active (TCAS II) etc) If TCAS II installed If TCAS II installedHorizontal Velocity (Ground speed) - MandatoryVertical rate - MandatorySelected Altitude (MCP/FCU incl status) - MandatoryBarometric pressure setting - MandatoryRoll Angle - MandatoryTrue Track Angle - MandatoryIndicated Airspeed (IAS) or Mach - MandatoryMagnetic Heading - MandatoryTrack Angle Rate (or true airspeed if “TAR” not available) - Mandatory

32

Typical ADS-B/WAM Benefit casesNon-Radar Airspace

• TMA around secondary airports with increasing traffic (e.g. low-cost carriers)

• No Surveillance coverage • Reduced efficiency (sub-optimal routing,

holdings etc.) -> estimate 2-3 mins per a/c -> enabling of PBN (Kos/Greece as a

pilot case) • If there are predominant carriers, current

ADS-B technology could be used• If there is mixed fleet, WAM could be an

alternative (typically higher cost than ADS-B as it includes multiple stations but still lower than radar)

33

Typical ADS-B/WAM Benefit cases Radar Airspace

● Future Radar decommissioning● Cost avoidance (ADS-B/WAM cost is

significantly lower)● Assessed with UK NATS (Mode

S radar replacement)● WAM can be used now● ADS-B requires the SPI IR

functionality (dates 2015-2017)● Clause for ANSP efficiency● IR 1207/2011 extension?● Incentives (e.g. low-end)?

ACAS X

User Group

Surveillance Technology Advisories

ACAS XA

Current TCAS II users (large

aircraft)

Active radar supplemented with passive

Same as current TCAS II

ACAS XO

Users of specific operations

(e.g., CSPO, Formation Flights, ASAS Operations)

Active radar supplemented with passive

Procedure-specific alerts for selected

aircraft, global alerting against all

others

ACAS XP

General aviation Passive only Reduced advisory set

ACAS XU

Unmanned aircraft Potentially radar, EO/IR, etc.

Vertical and horizontal advisories

3535

EC Implementing Rule Exemptions and Incentives

European Commission Single European SkySurveillance Performance & Interoperability

Implementing Rule(SPI IR)

Regulation (EU) 1207/2011

Exemption provisions:● Mode S EHS only (specific architectures)

Basic Regulation (EU) 216/2008

Generic exemption provisions:● Article 14 para 4 and 5

INCENTIVES:● At this stage not anticipated for AOC holders