Survey Instruments 2014

8/18/2019 Survey Instruments 2014

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Developing

Survey Instrument

(questionnaire)


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What is a Questionnaire?

The overriding objective is to translate the researcher’s

information needs into a set of specific questions thatrespondents are willing and able to answer.

Malhotra, !!".

# questionnaire is a formali$ed set of

questions for obtaining information from

respondents.


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When we use questionnaire?

% When need to administer to large

numbers of individuals simultaneousl&

% When resources and mone& are limited

% 'mpersonal nature

% (amiliar to most people


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)riteria of a well designed

Questionnaire

% Meet objectives of the stud&

% *nderstandable for the data collector

% +as& to understand for the respondent

% btain complete and necessar& information

% 'nterview should be brief

% )onstructed in such a wa& that anal&sis could

be done % -retested


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What we do?

/ )reate a new questionnaire

/ #dapt a tested questionnaire

/ Ma0e conte1tspecific questionnaire


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Questionnaire development

/ 2eneral rules

/ 2ood questions

/ T&pe of questions

/ rdering of questions and answers

/ Wording of questions

/ Translation/ -retesting


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Questionnaire development

2eneral rules

/ 3tart with welcome message and selfintroduction

/ Ta0ing consent

/ #llow a 45on’t 0now6 or 78ot applicable’response to all questions

/ 'nclude 7ther’ or 78one’ whenever either ofthese is a logicall& possible answer

/ 9e clear, specific and direct

/ 5o not put two questions into one

/ 'nstruction for the respondent: interviewer


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2ood question;

/ Questions must be nonthreatening

/ 5oes not use emotionall& loaded or

vaguel& defined words

/ 5oes not use unfamiliar words or

abbreviations

/ #s0s for an answer on onl& one direction

/ )an accommodate all possible

responses


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2ood question

/ 5oes not presuppose a certain state of

affairs

/ 5oes not impl& a desired answer

/


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T&pe of questions;

Multiple choice

/ What is &our marital status?

/ Married living together

/ Married living separatel&

/ 8ot married but living together

/ 3ingle

/ Widowed

/ 5ivorced

Dichotomous/ 5o &ou smo0e?

/ =es

/ 8o


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T&pe of questions

/ Numeric open-ended

How much do you earn per month?

/ !e"t open-ended

#hat was your reason $or not participating in HI%

testing?


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T&pe of questions>

#greement scale:i0ert scale


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T&pe of questionB

/ ilter or contingency question.


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Question and #nswer rder;

/ The order of questions and answers can

encourage people to complete the

questionnaire

/ The order of questions or the order of

answer choices can affect the results of

the surve&


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Question and #nswer rder

/ +arl& questions in a surve& should be

eas& and pleasant to answer

pening questions should be eas& to answerand not in an& wa& threatening to T


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Question and #nswer rder>

/ 2roup together questions on the sametopic Dpossibilit& to create

sections:modules

*tili$ation of antenatal services

3ection ;E 3ociodemographic characteristics

3ection E 3ervice utili$ation questions

3ection >E Fnowledge about the services

3ection BE Aecommendations about the services


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Question and #nswer rderB

/ Whenever possible place difficult or sensitive

questions towards the end or middle of the

surve&

+1ampleE =outh and


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Wording;

/ Words li0e usually , often, sometimes,occasionally , seldom, and rarely are

Hcommonl&H used in questionnaires,although it is clear that the& do not meanthe same thing to all people.


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Wording

/ 3ome adjectives have highl& variablemeanings and should be avoided in

surve&s.

a clear mandate, most,numerous,

a substantial majority, a

minority of,

a large proportion of,a significant number of, many,

a considerable number of ,

and several .


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Wording>

/ ther adjectives produce less variabilit&

and generall& have more shared meaning.

/ 3ometimes we need to conte1tuali$e the

words, for e1ample eclampsia.

lots, almost all, virtually all, nearly all, a

majority of, a consensus of, a small number

of, not very many of, almost none, hardly

any, a couple, and a few


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/re-testing

/


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-retesting

/ The process of pretesting aquestionnaire is frequentl& referred to aspiloting’ the questionnaire or conductinga 7pilot surve&’

/ The questionnaire is administered to alimited number of individuals who

preferabl& belong the same populationfrom which we have drawn the samplefor the actual surve&, but who are notincluded in such sample


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-retesting

/ -retesting a questionnaire allows tochec0 for comprehension andcoherence in the structure of thequestionnaire


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Translation

/ Questionnaire should be translated into the local

language Dmother tongueI of the respondents

/ The pretest should be done using the translated

questionnaire/ The translated questionnaire should be re

translated into the original language D+nglishI it

was developed in because bac0 translation

ensures that the questionnaire has been

translated properl&


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Aesponse Aate

/ The response rate is the single most

important indicator of how much

confidence can be placed in the results of

a surve&.

/ # low response rate can be devastating for

the reliabilit& of a stud&.


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inali1ation

/ *se close ended questions as much as

possible

/ #void too man& categories

/ )hec0 s0ip patterns


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(inal note

/ F++-

/ 'T

/ 3

Documents

Survey Instruments 2014