Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
BHATT A.J. & PATEL K.C.
P.G. Centre in Botany, Smt. S.M.Panchal Science College,
Talod, Sabarkantha, Gujarat, India
E-mail: [email protected]
Floristic study and diversity assessments are necessary to understand the biodiversity of any
area, present study is a necessary prerequisite for much fundamental research in community
ecology, such as modeling patterns of species diversity or understanding distributions.
Floristic studies acquire increasing in recent years in response to the need of developing and
under developing countries to assess their plant wealth. Many Floristic diversity studies have
been conducted in different parts of world. Thus, it is clear that floristic studies are
undertaken by many researchers worldwide in different levels. Shembhar is place located in
Vadgam Taluka, in Banaskantha district of Gujarat state, India. It is located 25km away from
Vadgam Taluka. Cotton, groundnut, wheat, sorghum, bajara, etc. are the major crops that
are cultivated mostly in this area. Milk and milk products are supplementary business.
Present investigation is undertaken with the objective of documentation of the existing
flowering plants by means of sample collection, photography, proper identification and
distributional status etc.
SURVEY OF ANGIOSPERM DIVERSITY FROM SHEMBHAR
HILLS OF VADGAM TALUKA, BANASKANTHA, GUJARAT,
INDIA
ABSTRACT
Article
Received on
27 May 2018
Accepted
on:
16 June
2018
Natural resources survey like floristic study plays an important role in the economic
development of developing country like India. Vegetation is the most precious gift, nature
has provided to us as meeting all Kinds of essential requirements of the humans in the form
of food, fodder, fuel, medicine, timber, resins, and oil. Plant communities play a pivotal role
in sustainable managements by maintaining biodiversity and conserving the environments
of biodiversity and conserving the environments. Floristic study and diversity assessments
are necessary to understand the present study is a necessary prerequisite for much
fundamental research in tropical community ecology, such as modeling patterns of species
diversity or understanding distributions. Floristic studies acquire increasing in recent years
in response to the need of developing and under developing countries to assess their plant
wealth. Many Floristic diversity studies have been conducted in different parts of world time
to time. Thus, it is clear that floristic studies are undertaken by many researchers worldwide
in different levels. Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally
the naturally occurring or indigenous - native plant life. The corresponding term for animal
life is fauna. Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as
biota. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms gut flora or
skin flora.
Present investigation undertaken with the following objective:
Documentation of the existing flowering plants by means of sample collection, photography,
proper identification and distributional status etc.
The concept of ecological communities plays an important role in conservation planning and
natural resource management. However, inherent uncertainties in the definition and
identification of individual communities make it difficult to assess whether particular
communities are present on particular sites and how they may be affected by proposed
developments or management actions. If communities are poorly defined or misidentified,
they may not perform their intended role as effective representations of biodiversity.
Numerical analyses of an extensive set of floristic data suggested a re-configuration of a
prior classification based largely on subjective interpretation. As only one of the two
assemblages potentially warranted threatened status, the new classification allows scarce
conservation resources to be targeted where they are most needed. The quantitative survey
data also enabled a more detailed floristic description of the assemblages and provided a
basis for maps of point locations and modelled habitat. These maps identified previously
undocumented occurrences of the communities and helped to assess their extent of decline
since European settlement. Improving the coverage of quadrat-based floristic sampling is
therefore a valuable and cost-effective investment to inform better management of native
vegetation and biodiversity. Research articles on Floristic surveys of various parts of India
and Gujarat were studied as reference work like; Champion & Seth (1916), Chavda and
Mahta (2015), Cooke (1901), Ganorkar and Kshirsagar (2013), Jain (1964), Vankar (2015),
Karthikeyan and Sharma (1983), Mehta (2010), Maitreya (2015), Patel and Bihola (2014),
Patel (2008), Patel et. al. (2014), Patel (2002), Patel (2002), Raghvan et. al. (1981), Santapau
INTRODUCTION
(1962), Saxton & Sedgwick (1918), Shah (1978), Sharma and Kulkarni (1980), Singh &
Parabia (2003), Tadvi (2013), Vankar (2015), Vediya and Kharadi (2011), etc.
Gujarat is situated in the central western part of India, with eastern hilly region is formed by
southern, western and Northern extension of Aravalli, Satpura and Sahyadri (Western Ghat)
Mountain ranges respectively. Gujarat state can be divided into four major biogoegraphic
zones viz, Semiarid, Deserts, western Ghats Mountains and Mangrove Rich Coastal Belts.
The angoispermic flora of Gujarat is mostly varied in extent and composition is being well
protected in National Parks and Sanctuaries. Gujarat state geographically is divided in to
five regions i.e North Gujarat, Central Gujarat, South Gujarat, Saurashtra and Kutchh. North
Gujarat has 4 Districts i.e. Patan, Banaskantha, Sabarkantha and Mehsana. Banaskantha is a
district in Northeast of Gujarat state. The region is presumably named after the West Banas
River which runs through the valley between Mount Abu and Aravalli Range, entering into
the plains of Gujarat in this region and flowing towards the Rann of kutch.
Vadgam is a Taluka in Banaskantha district having 110 villages under this Taluka. It is also
known as Dhandhar zone. Shembhar having low sandy hills located in Vadgam Taluka. It is
located 25km away from Vadgam. ‘GOGA Maharaj’ temple is famous holy and historical
place visited by local community on special occasions.
Satellite image showing Sembhar hills and Temple at middle.
STUDY AREA
The present study was conducted with frequent field trips at said place. The observations
and material form in this work are based on collection from December 2017 to April 2018
thorough planned explorations in the research areas. Field explorations were well organized
during the five months. During collection trips plants were collected and photographs were
taken. The plants were identified in the field or in the college laboratory with the help of
Flora of Gujarat state (Shah,1978) and taxonomical literature. Different characters such as,
habit, habitat, abundance etc.
Check list of plant species growing at Sembhar hills:
Sr. Botanical Name Family Image
1. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels. Menispermaceae Plate- 01 (A)
2. Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Plate- 01 (B)
3. Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. Capparaceae Plate- 01 (C)
4. Capparis sepiaria L. Capparaceae Plate- 01 (D)
5. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sw. Malvaceae Plate- 01 (E)
6. Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophylaceae Plate- 01 (F)
7. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Rutaceae Plate- 02 (A)
8. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Plate- 02 (B)
9. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Plate- 02 (C)
10. Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) D.Hou. Celastraceae Plate- 02 (D)
11. Zizyphus nummularia (Burm. f.) W.&A. Rhamnaceae Plate- 02 (E)
12. Sapindus laurifolius Vahl. Sapindaceae Plate- 02 (F)
13. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Plate- 03 (A)
14. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Papilionaceae Plate- 03 (B)
15. Derris indica (Lam.) Bennet. Papilionaceae Plate- 03 (C)
16. Indigofera linnaei Ali. Papilionaceae Plate- 03 (D)
17. Indigofera tinctoria L. Papilionaceae Plate- 03 (E)
18. Tephrosia hamiltonii Drum. Papilionaceae Plate- 03 (F)
19. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Papilionaceae Plate- 04 (A)
20. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Casealapiniaceae Plate- 04 (B)
21. Cassia auriculata L. Casealapiniaceae Plate- 04 (C)
22. Cassia fistula L. Casealapiniaceae Plate- 04 (D)
23. Tamarindus indica L. Casealapiniaceae Plate- 04 (E)
24. Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. Sub sp indica Mimosaceae Plate- 04 (F)
25. Acacia radiana Savi. Mimosaceae Plate- 05 (A)
26. Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Plate- 05 (B)
27. Anogeissus pendula Edgew. Combretaceae Plate- 05 (C)
28. Lawsonia inermis L. Lthyraceae Plate- 05 (D)
29. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Asteraceae Plate- 05 (E)
MATERIAL & METHOD
OBSERVATIONS
30. Diospyros cordifolia Roxb. Ebenaceae Plate- 05 (F)
31. Salvadora persica L. Salvadoraceae Plate- 06 (A)
32. Salvadora oleoides Decne. Salvadoraceae Plate- 06 (B)
33. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. Asclepiadaceae Plate- 06 (C)
34. Ipomoea fistulosa Mart ex Convovulaceae Plate- 06 (D)
35. Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Plate- 06 (E)
36. Solanum indicum L. Solanaceae Plate- 06 (F)
37. Solanum surattense Burm. f. Solanaceae Plate- 07 (A)
38. Lindernia oppositifolia (Retz.) Mukherjee Scrophulariaceae Plate- 07 (B)
39. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae Plate- 07 (C)
40. Tecomella undulata (Sw.) Seem. Bignoniaceae Plate- 07 (D)
41. Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae Plate- 07 (E)
42. Justicia procumbens L. Acanthaceae Plate- 07 (F)
43. Lepidagathis trinervis Wall. Acanthaceae Plate- 08 (A)
44. Lantana camara L. var. aculeata Verbenaceae Plate- 08 (B)
45. Tectona grandis L. Verbenaceae Plate- 08 (C)
46. Ocimum gratissimum L. Lamiaceae Plate- 08 (D)
47. Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Plate- 08 (E)
48. Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Plate- 08 (F)
49. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Plate- 09 (A)
50. Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Plate- 09 (B)
51. Euphorbia neriifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Plate- 09 (C)
52. Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Ulmaceae Plate- 09 (D)
53. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Plate- 09 (E)
54. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Plate- 09 (F)
55. Morus alba L. Moraceae Plate- 10 (A)
56. Aloe barbadensis Mill. Liliaceae Plate- 10 (B)
57. Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Plate- 10 (C)
58. Unknown Plant sp. Plate- 10 Lower corner right side
Shembhar hills occupies a floral diversity of 57 species & 47 genera belonging to 34
angiospermic families. Dicots are represented with 32 families whereas monocots are
represented with 2 families. From the present study we can conclude that Shembhar is a
place with a plant diversity which flourishes with the unique biodiversity. Due to
environmental changes, pressure on environment due to public place and for survival, local
people destroy the forest wealth. It is certainty to protect and save the forest wealth by
silviculture and social forestry programme.
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Champion, H. G. and Seth S. K. (1916). A revised survey of forest types of India, FRI,
Dehradun.
Chavda N.H. and Mahta S.K. (2015). Study of Species Divercity of trees and Shrubs in
Bhandaria Forest Area District Bhavnagar, Gujarat International Journal of Pure & Applid
Bioscience ISSN 2320 - 7051
Cooke, T., (1901). Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh,
Dehradun.
Ganorkar Ravindra P.and Kshirsagar Ayodhya D (2013). Floristic study of Shirur Region
Pune, Maharashtra, India, International Research journal of Biological sciences, ISSN
2278- 3202 Bol. 2 (5),78-82.
Jain, S. K. (1964). The role of botanist in folklore research. Folklore:145-150.
Karthikeyan, S. and Sharma BD (1983). Notes relating to the flora of Western India. J. Econ.
Tax. Bot. 4: 357-376.
Maitreya Bharat B. (2015). Floristic analysis of Riparian Angiosperms form Sabarmati river
of Gujarat state india, Life science Leaflets ISSN 2277- 4297, Page no 122 to 143
Mehta Kiran V. (2010). Physicochemical characteristics and statistical study of groundwater
of some places of Vadgam taluka in Banaskantha district of Gujarat state (India), Journal
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(4):663-670, www.jocpr.com.
Patel Ashok H., (2008). Floristic and ecological studies of reserve forest of vadgam taluka
of Banaskantha District, North Gujarat, A MRP is submitted to UGC.
Patel Mukesh M and Bihola Devendrasinh D. (2014). Floristic diversity in Satalasana Forest
Area of Mahesana District, Gujarat, India Life Science Leaflets, ISSN 2277- 4297, 143-
154.
Patel Yogesh B, Prajapati Dipak N, Patel Nimisha D. and Pandya Hemanshu A. (2014).
Floristic diversity of Kalol Taluka, Panchmahal, Gujarat, india International journal of
recent Scientific research, ISSN 0976- 3031 vol. 5, Issue, 11 pp.2089- 2094.
Patel, K.C. (2002). Floristic and Ethnobotanical studies on Danta Forest of North Gujarat.
Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar.
Patel, R.S. (2002). Floristic and Ethnobotanical studies on Ambaji Forest of North Gujarat.
Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar.
Raghvan, R.S., Wadhwa, B.M., Ansari M.Y., & Rao, R.S. (1981). A check list of plants of
Gujarat. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 21 (2):1 -127.
Santapau, H. (1962). Flora of Saurashtra, Part-I, Saurashtra, Research Society, Rajkot.
Saxton, W.T. & Sedgwick, L.J. (1918). Plants of Northen Gujarat. Rec. Bot. Surv., India.6
Shah, G.L. (1978). Flora of Gujarat state. Vol. I and II, University press, Vallabh
VidhyaNagar., Gujarat.
Sharma, B. D. and B.G. Kulkarni (1980). Some rare and noteworthy plants from
Maharashtra. Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 22: 189-191.
Singh, A.P. & Parabia Minoo (2003). The Floral diversity of Gujarat State: A review. Indian
Forester 129 (12): 1461-1469.
Tadvi Dipali Kumar S. (2013). Floristic Diversity of Fangs, Gujarat a Thisis submitted to
The Maharaja Sayajirao of Baroda for the degree of the Doctor of philosophy in Botany.
Vankar Asha R. (2015). Survey of Herbaceous Flora of Angiosperms growing surrounding
Prantij of Sabarkantha Disrtrict in North Gujarat, India; Major Dissertation work is
Submitted to the Smt. S. M. Panchal science college, Talod, Sabarkantha District, Gujarat,
India.
Vankar Jyotika R. (2015). Observation of Woody Flora Growing Surrounding Prantij in
Sabarkantha District of North Gujrat, India a Major Dissertation work is Submitted to the
Smt. S. M. Panchal Science College, Talod, Sabarkantha District, Gujarat, India.
Vediya S. D. and Kharadi H. S. (2011). Study of plant diversity in Meghraj range forest
District Sabarkantha, North Gujarat, India, International journal of Pharmacy & Forest
District, ISSN 0976- 7126.