Survey of Animals Survey of Animals from thefrom the

Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

Sub Phylum VertebrataSub Phylum Vertebrata

Common Chordate Common Chordate FeaturesFeatures

Notochord:Notochord: a rod of stiffened tissue supporting the body (later develops into bony units comprising the vertebral column).

Dorsal Nerve Chord:Dorsal Nerve Chord: located just above the notochord and gut region (protected by vertebrae after full development)

Muscular Pharynx:Muscular Pharynx: the entrance to the digestive tract (with small gill slits)

Tail (or rudiment thereof):Tail (or rudiment thereof): located near the anus

All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features:All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features: (Click)

Key Characteristics: Key Characteristics: Click to Continue

Body Temperature RegulationBody Temperature Regulation– Ectotherm: body changes temperature in response to external environment– Homeotherm: temperature remains constant regardless of external environment

# Of Heart Chambers# Of Heart Chambers – Two: (atrium/ventricle) allows for mixing of deoxygenated & oxygenated blood

– Three: (2 atria/1 ventricle) more efficient separation of deO2 & O2 blood

– Four: (2 atria/2 ventricles) complete separation of deO2 & O2 blood

Respiratory Organs Respiratory Organs (Exchange of 0(Exchange of 022 & CO & CO22))

– Lungs, Gills, Skin: moist membranes designed for gas exchange in/out of blood

Reproductive Structures Reproductive Structures (Embryo Development)(Embryo Development)– Internal Amniotic Egg: develops inside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid– External Amniotic Egg: develops outside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid– Aquatic Egg: contains no amnion and develops in a liquid (aquatic) environment

Excretory Mechanisms Excretory Mechanisms (H(H22O Conservation) O Conservation)

– Urea: liquid waste released by specialized excretory structures (toxic if accumulates)

– Uric Acid: solid waste (conserves H2O, non-toxic, & therefore can be stored)

Class Pisces (Fish)Class Pisces (Fish)Temperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

EctothermEctotherm

# Heart Chambers# Heart Chambers 22

Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism

GillsGills

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering ScalesScales

ReproductionReproduction

(Eggs)(Eggs)

AquaticAquatic

Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism

Urea / (NHUrea / (NH33))

Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion

Swimming FinsSwimming Fins Click to continue

Class AmphibiaClass AmphibiaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

EctothermEctotherm

# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers

33

Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism

Skin / GillsSkin / Gills

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering Moist SkinMoist Skin

ReproductionReproduction

(Eggs)(Eggs)

AquaticAquatic

Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism

Urea / NHUrea / NH33

Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion

Tail / Fins / LegsTail / Fins / Legs Click to continue

Class ReptiliaClass ReptiliaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

EctothermEctotherm

# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers

3 / 43 / 4

Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism

LungsLungs

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering Dry Leathery Dry Leathery ScalesScales

ReproductionReproduction

(Eggs)(Eggs)

AmnioticAmniotic

Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism

Uric AcidUric Acid

Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion

Legs / TailLegs / Tail

Click to continue

Class Aves (Birds)Class Aves (Birds)Temperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

HomeothermHomeotherm

# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers

44

Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism

LungsLungs

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering FeathersFeathers

ReproductionReproduction

(Eggs)(Eggs)

AmnioticAmniotic

Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism

Uric AcidUric Acid

Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion

Wings / LegsWings / Legs

Click to continue

Class MammaliaClass MammaliaTemperature Temperature RegulationRegulation

HomeothermHomeotherm

# Heart # Heart ChambersChambers

44

Breathing Breathing MechanismMechanism

LungsLungs

Skin/CoveringSkin/Covering HairHair

ReproductionReproduction

(Eggs)(Eggs)

AmnioticAmniotic

Excretory Excretory MechanismMechanism

Urea / NHUrea / NH33

Means of Means of LocomotionLocomotion

Legs / Wings / Legs / Wings / FinsFins

Click to continue