Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Sustainability assessment
KLIMOS seminar Feb 3rd, 2017 DGD
Wouter Achten, Jean Hugé, Pascale Caes and Claude Croizer
Agenda
• Overview of sustainaiblity assessment tools (WA) • Life cycle assessment (WA)
• LCA basics • Relevance for sustainability assessment
• Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) and Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) (JH)
• LCA and SEA (prospective) (WA) • Effectiveness of assessment (JH) • Experiences from BTC (PC and CC)
Assessment tools Temporal focus
Retrospective Prospective
Indicators/ indices
Product related assessment
Integrated assessment
• Non integrated indicators
• Regional flow indicators
• Integrated
• Life cycle assessment
• Life cycle costing
• Product material flow analysis
• Product energy analysis
• Conceptual modelling
• System dynamics
• Multi-criteria analysis
• Risk analysis
• Uncertainty analysis
• Vulnerability analysis
• Cost benefit analysis
• Impact assessment
Adapted from Ness et al., Ecological Economics, 2007
Monetary valuation: willingness to pay, avoided cost, replacement cost, Factor income
Temporal focus
Retrospective Prospective
Indicators/ indices
Product related assessment
Integrated assessment
• Environmental pressure indicators
• UNCSD 58
Non integrated indicators
Regional flow indicators
Integrated indicators
• Economy-wide material flow analysis
• Substance flow analysis • Input-Output energy
analysis • Regional Energy
Analysis • Regional Exergy analysis
• Sustainable national income *
• Genuine progress indicator and ISEW*
• Adjusted net savings * • Ecological footprint * • Wellbeing index * • Environmental
sustainability index * • Human development
index *
* Tools capable of integrating nature society systems into single evaluation
Ada
pted
from
Nes
s et
al.,
Eco
logi
cal E
cono
mic
s, 2
007
Monetary valuation: willingness to pay, avoided cost, replacement cost, Factor income
Assessment tools
Temporal focus
Retrospective Prospective
Indicators/ indices
Product related assessment
Integrated assessment
Life cycle assessment
Life cycle costing Product energy analysis • Life cycle cost
assessment * • Full life cycle
accounting *
• Process energy analysis
• Exergy analysis
Product material flow analysis
• Material Intensity analysis
• Substance flow analysis
* Tools capable of integrating nature society systems into single evaluation
Ada
pted
from
Nes
s et
al.,
Eco
logi
cal E
cono
mic
s, 2
007
Monetary valuation: willingness to pay, avoided cost, replacement cost, Factor income
Assessment tools
Social LCA
Temporal focus
Retrospective Prospective
Indicators/ indices
Product related assessment
Integrated assessment
• Many tools are based on systems analysis approaches and integrate nature and society aspects
• Aim to support decision making related to policy or a project in a specific region
• Generally an ex-ante focus • Use scenarios • Try to manage complexity
* Tools capable of integrating nature society systems into single evaluation
Ada
pted
from
Nes
s et
al.,
Eco
logi
cal E
cono
mic
s, 2
007
Monetary valuation: willingness to pay, avoided cost, replacement cost, Factor income
Assessment tools
Temporal focus
Retrospective Prospective
Indicators/ indices
Product related assessment
Integrated assessment
• Conceptual modelling* • System dynamics* • Multi-criteria analysis* • Risk analysis* • Uncertainty analysis* • Vulnerability analysis* • Cost benefit analysis*
Impact assessment
• Environmental impact assessment
• Strategic environmental assessment
* Tools capable of integrating nature society systems into single evaluation
Ada
pted
from
Nes
s et
al.,
Eco
logi
cal E
cono
mic
s, 2
007
Monetary valuation: willingness to pay, avoided cost, replacement cost, Factor income
Assessment tools
Assessment tools Temporal focus
Retrospective Prospective
Indicators/ indices
Product related assessment
Integrated assessment
• Non integrated indicators
• Regional flow indicators
• Integrated
• Life cycle assessment
• Life cycle costing
• Product material flow analysis
• Product energy analysis
• Conceptual modelling
• System dynamics
• Multi-criteria analysis
• Risk analysis
• Uncertainty analysis
• Vulnerability analysis
• Cost benefit analysis
• Impact assessment
Adapted from Ness et al., Ecological Economics, 2007
Monetary valuation: willingness to pay, avoided cost, replacement cost, Factor income
Life cycle assessment
Life cycle thinking
10
Social LCA Environmental LCA
Life cycle costing
Definition
Life cycle assessment is a technique to quantify the environmental impacts linked to the complete life cycle of a product or a function.
Global warming Human toxicity Resource depletion Ecotoxicity Water use Acidification Eutrophication …
Assessment Management
What is LCA used for?
• Calculate impacts of a product or a function • Compare the environmental performance of products and
services • Identify improvement/optimization options in the
production systems (hotspot analysis) • Prospective scenario analysis in production systems • Follow impact displacement Decision support at different levels (consumers, producers, policy makers, …)
What is LCA used for? Calculate – Compare – Hotspot identification – Follow displacement
e.g. Biomaterials Renewabitly
Life cycle thining Minimiser l'impact environnemental du cycle de vie
Impact displacement
Metals Lightweight composite material
Metals are easier recyclable ?
?
Relevance of LCA in sustainability assessment
• Life cycle thinking can integrate different sustainability
dimensions • Life cycle assessment is part of environmental/sustainability
managemnet • Life cycle assessment is a descision support tool
(comparison, scenario analysis, hotspot identification)
But, basic LCA mainly focusses on products or a services Detailed view (e.g. biofuel, does it makes sense?)
Relevance of LCA in sustainability assessment
• Life cycle thinking can integrate different sustainability
dimensions • Life cycle assessment is part of environmental/sustainability
managemnet • Life cycle assessment is a descision support tool
(comparison, scenario analysis, hotspot identification)
But, basic LCA mainly focusses on products or a services Detailed view (e.g. biofuel, does it makes sense?)
Developments
Hellweg & Milà i Canals 2014 Science
SEA & LCA ?
• Strategic Environmental Assessment • Strengths (cfr Jean Hugé) • Shortcomings (view LCA community)
• Studies show that SEAs tend to have a too narrow scope and do not address cumulative impacts Strenghening is needed, e.g. by assessing impact which extend
beyond the geographical boarders of the region in scope, Beyond the timeframe of the plan in scope
i.e. changing the assessment paradigm from a plan/project focus towards a system focus • SEA must, in addition to assessment of direct and onside impacts, also
focus on how a plan’s embedded activities influence and interact in systems (e.g. change in demand and supply of products, iLUC)
Integration of LCA in SEA LCA for spatial planning processes
Bidstrup et al. 2015, Journal of Cleaner Production; Loiseau et al. 2013; Journal of Environmental Management
Methodological developments
• Territorial LCA
• Consequential modeling
• Input-Output based LCA (EE IOA)
Territorial LCA
(Loiseau et al. 2014)
Territorial LCA
(Loiseau et al. 2014)
Consequential LCA modeling
Attributional LCA (Basic LCA) What is the impact of 1 liter of imported soybean diesel from Brazil and oil palm diesel from Malaysia consumed in Switzerland? Consequenial LCA: What if Switzerland would replace 1% of its current diesel consumption with imported Oil palm diesel from Malaysia? Or, when it foresees the 1% with european rape oil production Reinhard & Zah 2009
Consequential LCA modeling
Reinhard & Zah 2009
Consequential LCA modeling
Reinhard & Zah 2009
Input – Output LCA modeling m
ater
ial
was
te
ener
gy
wat
er
emiss
ions
investeringsmatrix
regi
on
sector 1 sector 2 sector 3 sector … sector n
impo
rt
sector 1 sector 2 sector 3 sector … sector n
sect
or 1
se
ctor
2
sect
or 3
se
ctor
…
sect
or n
Delivers to (monetary)
hous
ehol
ds
gove
rnm
ent
Com
pani
es
expo
rt
mat
eria
l w
aste
en
ergy
w
ater
em
issio
ns
material waste energy water
emissions
Conclusions
• Basic life cycle thinking seems rather restrictive and focused
on a detailed level.
• However, the principle of life cycle thinking and the environmental impact modelling behind can be integrated in other approaches and methods to include systemic effects of decisions at higher level (political, strategy) and larger scale (regional, territorial)
