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8/14/2019 Sustainability at Purdue University
1/19
Sustainability at Purdue University
Team Green BeanJosh McKinney
Jessica Melton
Ryan Scott
Green Roof in Tokyo
Team Green Bean Page 1
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ENGL 421 - Francis Tobienne, Jr.
10-30-2009
Table of Contents
1. Title Page
1
2. Table of Contents
2
3. Executive Summary
3
a. Importance of Green Research
3
b. Green Buildings Overview
3
c. Community Outreach Overview3
d. Interviews Overview
3
4. Research and Data Gathered
4
a. Green Buildings
4
i. Mechanical Engineering Building
4
ii. Schleman Hall
4
b. Community Outreach Efforts
5
i. Recycling
5
ii. Energy
6
iii. Storm Water Management
6iv. Purdue Green Week
7
v. University of Vermont
7
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c. Interviews
8
5. Works Cited
12
6. Annotated Bibliography
13
Importance of Green
ResearchAround the world, going green and
sustainability are key words thatare heard often. But what do they
mean? In short, humanity is at a
crossroads. What with global
warming, the scarcity and price of oil
and other nonrenewable resources,
going green and sustainability
apply to those who want to help the
world continue to be a habitable and
hospitable place. Alternative
transportation, green roofs, recycling,
and other community-based efforts
pave the way for a brighter, greener,
sustainable future. The members of
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Executive Summary
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Team Green Bean have looked into
the efforts Purdue has made thus far
in securing itself as a green
university. They have also looked into
the future regarding how Purdue can
make a more lasting impact on its
campus and the community around it.
Researchers have put many hours
into this field of study, and their
efforts and ideas will be summarized
herein. To focus this discussion,
Team Green Bean chose three main
points of interest: Purdues green
buildings, community outreach
efforts, and interviews withresearchers and teachers of
sustainability.
Green Buildings
OverviewIn 2011, Purdue will open its first
certified green building. The Roger B.
Gatewood Addition to the Mechanical
Engineering building will add spaceand sustainability to part of Purdues
Campus, and Team Green Bean
looked into the particulars. The green
roof of Schleman Hall and other
possible green building projects were
also analyzed. The importance of
green buildings is not to be
understated. Buildings account for
48% of the total energy consumptionin the United States and it is
imperative that this energy either be
reduced or put to better use than it is
now.
Community Outreach
OverviewThe only way for Purdue to be totally
green is to have the communitywithin and surrounding it be green as
well. Team Green Bean has
researched the strides made by such
organizations as the Boiler Green
Initiative (BGI) and the University of
Vermont in capturing the attention of
the community and getting help in
the effort to go green. Recycling and
energy awareness are just a few ofthe topics that are important to the
sustainability of Purdue and of the
community, and those, among others,
will be covered, as well as how Purdue
can continue to maintain the
communitys support in its endeavors.
InterviewsResearchers and teachers of
sustainability at Purdue are vital
because they can share their
knowledge with students, the
community, and university officials
alike. Team Green Bean conducted
two interviews with staff members
integral to the green movement at
Purdue, Dr. Fu Zhao and Dr. Robin
Ridgeway. These interviews shed
light on what is like to teachsustainability and how being green is
important to the university.
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Mechanical EngineeringIn 2011 Purdue University will
open its first green building, the
Roger B. Gatewood Addition to the
Mechanical Engineering building. The
$33 million addition will add just over
40,000 square feet to the building, or
about 55 percent more room. Along
with the new laboratories, classrooms,
and student areas, the building will
also bring a first to Purdues campus
a certified green building.
The Roger B. Gatewood Addition
will the first building on Purduescampus to be constructed to the
standards of the U.S. Green Building
Council, a non-profit organization
which focuses on cost-efficient and
energy-saving practices for green
buildings. The U.S. Green Building
Council (USGBC) has created an
internationally recognized
certification system called LEED which
was designed to improve several
environmental metrics including
energy savings, water usage, carbon
dioxide emissions, improvement of
indoor environmental quality and the
stewardship of resources and
sensitivity to their impacts. According
to the USBGC, LEED provides
building owners and operators a
concise framework for identifying and
implementing practical and
measurable green building
design, construction, operations and
maintenance solutions.1
LEED essentially is a points
system for construction engineers and
architects which allows building
creators to tally up the positive green
design decisions to achieve one of the
four different LEED levels Certified,
Silver, Gold, or Platinum. For The
Roger B. Gatewood Addition to be
LEED v2.2 Certified, it must achieve
26 of a possible 69 points. To achievethese points, Purdue is implementing
several items including a higher solar
reflectance roof, low-flow plumbing
fixtures, construction materials with
recycled content, Green Label Plus
carpet, wood certified by the Forest
Stewardship Council, and paint and
sealants certified to reduce indoor air
pollutants.
Though the Mechanical
Engineering buildings addition will be
1http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1988
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Research and Data Gathered
Green Buildings
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the first certified green building at
Purdue, there have recently been
other green construction projects on
campus.
Schleman HallThe green roof atop Schleman is
a plant-covered surface designed to
both retain water from rain and
insulate the building and is the result
of a $68,700 grant from State Farm
Insurance2. As a side effect of the
natural materials used, the buildings
roof will actually last longer than if it
didnt have a green roof. The roof
includes monitoring equipment
powered by solar panels designed to
check the efficiency and performance
of the roof and provide data for make
design decisions for future green roof
projects on campus. Though the
future of green roofs at Purdue
depend on the data gleaned from
Schleman Hall, Purdue is alreadyconsidering green roofs on the
Horticulture Building, Mann Hall, the
Armory, and other new construction.
2http://www.boilergreen.com/page2/page8/greenroof.html
Recycling
Recycling programs have long
existed at Purdue, and in the last few
years have grown in both importance
to students and faculty and
participation. In 2008 Purdues
recycling rate was 26 percent, which
resulted in keeping 500 tons of trashout of landfills. The recycling rate at
Purdue increased to 37 percent in
2009. The end goal for Purdue is to
recycle 100 percent of its waste.
Purdue Grounds have set a goal of a
total of 65 percent recycled waste by
2014, so clearly the goal of 100
percent efficiency is many years off.
To encourage the increase of
recycling, Purdue Grounds installed
31 new recycling containers across
the West Lafayette campus.
Furthermore, there is a pilot program
in Freehafer Hall, which puts recycling
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mmunity Outreach Efforts
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containers instead of trash cans at
the desk of every staff, and faculty
member in the building. The only
items not recycled in Freehafer Hall
are those containing liquid, food
waste, or food wrappers. These items
can be thrown away at trash cans in
common areas. The recycle bins are
emptied twice a week by a custodial
crew and creates no additional
required labor. This pilot program is
expected to be expanded and go
campus-wide in 2010, greatly
increasing the recycling
efforts of all staff and increasePurdues overall recycling rate
significantly.
Another initiative Purdue is
taking to increase campus-wide
participation is joining Recyclemania!
in 2010. Recyclemania! is competition
between other colleges and
universities to see who can recycle
the most during a ten-week period in
the spring 2010 semester. It is hoped
that students will want to participate
and that their involvement will carry
over after the ten-week period.
Purdue also has a few rather
unconventional recycling programs
that are not immediately apparent
when one first comes to campus. The
remnants of over 500,000 meals each
month from Purdue dining hall go tothe West Lafayette Waste Treatment
Plant and are there recycled into
methane. University Residences also
have recycling programs for those
living in dorms. University Residences
spends $3000 weekly for its
employees to check and sort
recyclable goods, including
cardboard, plastic, and paper.
Housing and Food services provides
customers with refillable bottles and
uses only 100 percent recycled fiber
napkins. The Purdue Memorial Union
uses green cleaning chemicals and
now has a sustainable floor that
requires fewer chemicals for
maintenance in its Commons area.
Purdues Veterinary Hospital has
created compost with its used animalbedding and manure.
Another success for recycling at
Purdue has been a collaborative
project between Boiler Green, Purdue
Athletics, and Purdue Refuse and
Recycling. Together, these groups
have worked together to setup a
recycling program for Purdue home
football games at Ross-Ade Stadium.
On game days volunteers begin at
8AM and continue working until an
hour after the game ends to collect
recyclable waste and encourage fans
to recycle. In 2008, there were a total
of 150 volunteers that put in 710.5
hours. The result of their efforts was a
total of 45,140 lbs of recycled waste
that didnt end up in a landfill3.
Through the first three games of the2009 football season the program is
3http://www.boilergreen.com/page2/page10/Recycling.html
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on pace to recycle of 52,000 lbs of
waste by the end of the season.
EnergyThe Boiler Green Initiative (BGI) is a
Purdue sponsored organization
dedicated to helping Purdue and the
surrounding community become
green and sustainable. Energy is the
main subject of one particular focus
group, specifically energy used in
lighting Purdues buildings. Their
objective is to ultimately use sunlightmore effectively, reducing the
buildings energy needs. To aid them
in achieving this goal, they plan to
find data on the percentage of light
bulbs on campus, in the surrounding
community, and in public buildings
that are energy efficient. They will
use this data to write a new report
that analyzes what can be done to
light buildings more efficiently and to
make recommendations on using
daylight as an effective lighting
source. They will invite a professor
from the Department of Architectural
Engineering to give a lecture on how
buildings can be better suited to use
daylight as a more effective way of
lighting than light bulbs. After
compiling all their data and gleaning
more information from research, they
will apply for grants to hold an
efficient light bulb exchange to invite
the community to learn more about
their findings. This will increase
awareness in the community and on
campus about how to conserve
energy using daylight and efficient
light bulbs and will be an integral tool
in Purdue going green
Storm Water
ManagementThe Boiler Green Initiative also has a
focus group relating to storm water
management.
Storm water is the runoff water
that gathers after a rain storm and
flows into drainage ditches, stormsewers, reservoirs, and other large
bodies of water. Along the way,
storm water can collect debris and all
manner of pollutants, such as motor
oil, pet waste, and lawn chemicals.
Polluted storm water runoff is the
biggest threat to the worlds drinking
water, as most of this runoff flows into
our public drinking systems. Thereare many ways to help rid storm
water of its potentially damaging
effects, and rain gardens are one of
them.
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Rain gardens have two main
functions. They collect water from
storms that might otherwise be
directed into a public drinking system
and they then filter out the impurities.
Rain gardens also collect large
amounts of water to release back into
the ecosystem safely, instead of
causing overflow problems in public
sewers and water collection areas.
Overflow problems can also gather
impurities from surfaces but this can
be avoided by using a rain garden.
BGI is helping to bring rain
gardens to Purdue by first installingone at Hillel House. They are also
beginning to draft and design a
second rain garden at a location yet
to be determined.
By providing rain gardens to
Purdues campus, BGI is ensuring that
the community will pay attention to
the importance of safely taking care
of storm water before it can become a
public health hazard. Hopefully, too,
it will encourage community members
to create rain gardens of their own.
Purdue Green WeekOne of the main ways Purdue stays in
touch with the community and gains
ideas is Green Week. This year,
Green Week was September 21
through September 25, and many
events were scheduled to
demonstrate to the community all of
Purdues efforts to go green. This
shows a sense of accountability on
behalf of Purdue to the area in
general.
The foci of this years programs
were environmentally friendly
programs and changing habits that
waste energy. The dedication of
Schleman Halls green roof and the
idea to establish the university as an
arboretum were just a couple of the
events that focused on
environmentally friendly programs at
Purdue. BGI and Physical Facilities
also teamed up for an inter-residence
hall energy competition to see who
could save the most energy.All of Purdue Green Weeks
programs could be deemed a success
just by them being held at all. This is
one way to get the community
involved, and Purdue went all out to
make sure it set the bar for years to
come. By holding a Green Week
every year, Purdue will be
accountable for its green actions or
inactions, and the community will be
invited to see all of these up close.
University of VermontWith all the efforts Purdue related
groups have made to ensure that the
community is involved in Purdue
becoming green and sustainable, one
wonders if even more can be done.
The University of Vermont had an
idea. Through two community events
and one online survey, the university
gathered over 1,500 participants
throughout the area. Participants
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visions of a sustainable community
and university were gathered, and a
mission statement and plans and
designs were implements according
to those visions. This research
suggests that a more effective way to
bring about change within a university
comes from the community as a
whole, not just those few groups on
campus who actively seek change or
those beings in power. When the
community as a whole has the
opportunity to share their voice, it can
be quite empowering and as such can
be an important tool in helpinguniversities plan to go green.
Paraphrased Interview TranscriptInterviewer: Josh McKinneyTopic: Sustainability in TeachingDate: 10-08-09Guest: Dr. Fu Zhao
Bio: Dr. Fu Zhao is employed as an
Assistant Professor by the School of
Mechanical Engineering at Purdue. Fu
teaches Mechanical and Ecological
Design Engineering. He has earned
four college degrees: a B.S. and an
M.S. in Thermal Engineering both
from Tsinghua University, China; and
an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and a
Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering both
from the University of Michigan.
Q. To begin, could you give a
brief overview of your experience
in sustainability?
Well, here at Purdue my research isprimarily in sustainable design and
manufacturing. My focus isnt merely
on developing new technologies to
tackle the challenges we face today,
but consists mostly on theTeam Green Bean Page 10
Interviews
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redevelopment of old ideas and
advances. By taking what we learned
in the past and re-engineering these
technologies for the benefit of the
environment today, we can help
reverse the damage done. I would say
that 90% of my research on this topic
focuses on the functionality of old
designs.
The other aspect of sustainability that
is important to me and to our futures
is education. Most of my academic
career has been centered on
sustainable engineering, clean andenvironmentally conscious
manufacturing and biomass energy.
When I began teaching at Purdue in
January 2007, I mostly taught
Mechanical Engineering to
undergraduate and graduates. What I
noticed over the next two semesters
was that the majority of my students,
all but one, in my environmentalclasses was mechanical engineering
students and not the variety I was
hoping for. After talking with my
peers and students, I was told my
classes were to dry and did not bring
any excitement to ecological design
and awareness. So for the fall 2008
semester I revised my curriculum.
Since then I have noticed a muchlarger enrollment into the program as
well as a greater interest from
students outside of engineering about
the program. By educating students
on sustainability we create awareness
for engineerings impact on the
environment and build a platform for
sustainable future.
Q. What do you mean by re-engineering old technologies?
Take for instance recycling biomass
into energy. This is not a new idea.
Yet converting biomass into energy
posed many problems in the past and
still does today. Turning corn and
soybean fields to switch grass for a
biomass boiler sounds sustainable,
but you had to give up acres of a crop
to make room for the grass. This
drives up crop prices and also is
energy intensive. My interest is in
taking bio waste already available
and using it to efficiently produce
power to the grid. Easy does not
describe the solution. Unfortunately it
takes power to make power. What we
as engineers need to focus on is howto take the least amount of energy to
produce the maximum amount of
energy. One example is to take a
tractor, plant a crop, fertilize and
harvest the crop just to burn it to
produce energy. The amount of
energy required to get the plant from
a seed to the boiler greatly exceeds
the amount of energy received from
the crop. Being sustainable doesnt
just mean recycling; we must focus on
the life cycle of our energy resources.
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Q. How important is
sustainability to Purdue?
Being sustainable is very important to
Purdue. Even though Purdue is just a
blip on a map, we can create a largeimpact on campus and around the
world by providing a model for
sustainable design. Since we are
starting with an old campus, we have
to take many factors into account.
With tuition increasing every year,
every dollar needs to be spent to
create the maximum amount of
efficiency in our facilities and ourprojects. We need to focus on being
sustainable which in turn helps the
environment, our campus and our
wallets.
Q. Yesterday the Sustainable
Endowments Institute gave
Purdue a B-minus in sustainable
efforts. Do you think that
Purdues efforts are in the rightor wrong direction?
Purdue is most definitely on the right
path to sustainability. The grade from
the article is correct, but I dont think
it gives justice to what we have
accomplished here. The other
campuses that were in the same
grade range as Purdue have not evencome close to achieving all we as a
campus have accomplished and plan
for.
Q. Do you enjoy teaching
sustainable engineering?
Yes. I do admit that the amount of
students I have now does burden my
grading load, but I enjoy teachingstudents from many different
backgrounds and degree programs.
Teaching future engineers to be
environmentally responsible in their
design is essential for being green.
Yet to be completely successful, we
must have the majority of the
students conscious of their role in
sustainability. Just because otherstudents are not engineers doesnt
mean their decisions in their future
careers do not impact our ecology.
Paraphrased Interview Transcript
Interviewer: Josh McKinney
Guest: Dr. Robin Ridgway
Topic: Sustainable Future for
Purdue
Date: 10-09-09
Bio: Dr. Robin Ridgway is employed
by Physical Facilities at Purdue
University. Robin oversees and
advises Purdue and Wade Utility with
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environmental compliance and
state/federal regulations. She
received her Ph.D. in environmental
engineering from Purdue.
Q. Could you give a brief
description of your job here at
Purdue?
Well, my official title is Director of
Sustainability and Environmental
Stewardship. Basically my priority is
to take sustainability ideas proposed
by my bosses or companies doingbusiness with Purdue and make them
into a reality.
When it comes to a new upcoming
project, our campus is focusing on the
most energy efficient way to build it. I
find myself being the question asker
in most situations. When the Mackey
storm water project was in
development, I asked the questionsthat helped shape the most
sustainable design.
Dont get me confused with an
engineer though. My role is not the
details of the design, but the critic of
its performance and efficiency. If we
dont ask ourselves does this activity
effect our air quality or water
supply? then we will not know thelong-term impact of our decisions.
Q. Why is LEED important and
how is Purdue planning on
implementing the standards
outlined by LEED into the older
buildings and facilities on
campus?
The new LEED standards are for new
building construction. These
standards provide a strict set of
engineering and construction
guidelines to maximize the efficiency
of the building and its facilities. The
new Robert B. Gatewood wing of theMechanical Engineering building will
follow these new standards and will
stand as a model for future
construction at Purdue.
Where we run into problems are with
the older buildings on campus. Since
the buildings were not constructed
with LEED standards around, they are
sound, but not efficient. Our goal is toretro-commission the old buildings to
perform like a new LEED certified
building.
To achieve this goal we are looking at
any and all aspects of sustainable
design. The hard part is that we have
no reliable way of knowing how much
energy each building consumes on a
daily, monthly or yearly basis. Eachbuilding will have a unique set of
challenges to make it more efficient.
The way we are planning on attacking
this huge task is a three-stepTeam Green Bean Page 13
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strategy. First, we must retro-
commission to increase building
efficiency. Next comes metering. By
metering the buildings input of
energy, we can determine how and
where to increase efficiency. The last
yet most critical for short and long
term projects is the Qualified Energy
Savings (QES) upgrades. Purdue was
picked for the program to help
strengthen our role in sustainability as
well as the campus budget. This
program lets Purdue borrow up to $10
million for energy saving projects. The
projects are designed to pay themoney back within 10 years.
The benefit of borrowing money and
being able to pay them back in a
timely manner proves that there is
money to be saved. When the loans
are paid off, then all the savings will
be new capital to fund more green
projects around campus. For us this is
a win/win for our sustainable future.
Q. Is going green for Purdue an
asset or liability for the campus
as a whole? Faculty? Students?
If we can increase our sustainability
correctly, financially we can put the
campus in the equal or a little in the
black. Even though we will not be
saving money in the short-term the
financial rewards are not far off. We
must stay progressive and move
fiscally outward to create new
developments in sustainability. So I
do see the efforts of university to be
an asset to the environment,
community and eventually our
budget.
From a faculty standpoint, I would say
that our new green initiatives havealready started showing progress.
With efforts from the Boiler Green
Initiative and staff we have placed
recycle bins at every desk. When at
work, recycling styrofoam, paper,
plastic or cans is as easy as throwing
them in a divided trash can. We have
noticed a significant reduction in trash
collected from the buildings while ourrecycling center has seen a great
increase in recycled materials. If
faculty can recycle easily at work,
then there is no reason to throw
anything away.
From a student standpoint, recycling
is not hard and its benefits can be
seen around campus. The asset to
students is a cleaner campus with thereduction of trashcans and knowing
that they can contribute to a better,
more sustainable Purdue.
Q. Dr. Fu Zhao posed a question
for my interviews and I would like
to ask you, paper or plastic?
Oh well I hope I dont disappoint him!
When I am done with my plastic and
paper bags, I re-use them around myhouse. I mostly use my paper bags to
put my recyclables in. For the used
plastic bags, they are a must when I
clean out the cat box for obvious
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reasons. I know there is no perfect
answer to paper or plastic debate so
I recycle them as many times as
possible.
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1. Boiler Green Initiative. Purdue University, 2009. Web. October 15,
2009.
2. Oskvarek, Jonathon. Activities promote green programs, habits.
Purdue Exponent18 Sept. 2009
3. Pollack, Noah, Eileen Horn, Robert Costanza, and Matt Sayre.Envisioning helps promote sustainability in academia: A case study atthe University of Vermont. International Journal of Sustainability inHigher Education 10.4 (2009): 343-53. Print.
4. Ridgway, Robin. Personal Interview. 9 October 2009.
5. Sustainability at Purdue University. Purdue University, 2009. Web. October
15, 2009.
6. Zhao, Fu. Personal Interview. 8 October 2009.
Team Green Bean Page 16
Works Cited
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Our issue is that of how Purdue University has gone green, and how thecommunity has been impacted or has helped the efforts. Our print and
electronic sources have been very helpful in answering these questions, andour interviews have given us a broader base of knowledge to pull from. Westill need to find some more sources about how the community has beeninvolved in Purdues sustainability efforts, but these sources have given us agreat start.
Boiler Green Initiative. Purdue University, 2009. Web. October 15, 2009.
The Boiler Green Initiative website has information on a number of Purduerecycling and green projects. It has information on the details of the green
roof on Schleman Hall as well as plans for future roof projects. The site alsohas hard numbers for the recycling programs at Purdue football games. Italso has information about the various green initiatives that BGI is workingwith Purdue to implement, such as alternative transportation, carbonneutrality, and energy saving. We will use this in our paper to discuss theefforts Purdue has made to go green and the possible efforts it could makein the future to make the university more sustainable.
Oskvarek, Jonathon. Activities promote green programs, habits. PurdueExponent18 Sept. 2009
This article describes Purdues 2009 Green week and its activities. We willuse this information in our White Paper to show the activities Purdue ismaking available to students and the community to support their greeninitiatives. This is a good resource because it provides necessaryinformation to the community about how to get involved in going green andemphasizes the efforts Purdue is making to achieve its goals.
Pollack, Noah, Eileen Horn, Robert Costanza, and Matt Sayre. Envisioninghelps promote sustainability in academia: A case study at the University ofVermont. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 10.4(2009): 343-53. Print.
Although we didnt purchase complete access to this article, the abstractprovided some good ideas about involving the community in universitiessustainability efforts. This research projects methodology includedcommunity events and online surveys to discover what communitymembers envisioned a green university to be. We will use this article in
Team Green Bean Page 18
Annotated Bibliography
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highlighting how important the community is to determining how and whatshould be done to make Purdue a sustainable university and how how thecommunity can help Purdue focus its efforts.
Ridgway, Robin. Personal Interview. 9 October 2009.
Dr. Ridgway and I discussed the many difficulties of modernizing Purdue tomeet the challenges of today and tomorrow. Topics of the interview includeDr. Ridgway's role on campus, the next big project for Purdue and thecomplications of the LEED standards. We will use this interview to helpshow that Purdue is teaching students to be green and that faculty and staffare making an effort for the university to be sustainable.
Sustainability at Purdue University. Purdue University, 2009. Web. October15, 2009.
The Sustainability at Purdue website is a great resource which links to manypapers, articles and more regarding green efforts at Purdue. Of particularhelp to us have been the articles from details of Green Week 2009 whichdetail Purdue recycling programs, green roof projects, and other localcommunity programs. It also links to Purdues housing and food servicesustainability, which we will discuss in our paper concerning measures theuniversity has taken to go green.
Zhao, Fu. Personal Interview. 8 October 2009.
Dr. Zhao and I discussed the teaching aspect pertaining to sustainability at
Purdue University. Topics of the interview include Dr. Zhao's area ofresearch, his involvement in Purdue's efforts and if Purdue is directing theirefforts in the right direction to become a sustainable campus model. We willuse this interview to argue that Purdue is making strides to becomesustainable and a model in the community for green efforts.
Team Green Bean Page 19