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IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt
Do you think that the lifestyle of the inhabitants of your town or city reflects behavior that is in line with the concept of sustainable development? In your opinion, what should be improved?
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt 2
Outline
• Amsterdam: a brief summary
• Sustainable development in Amsterdam• Transport• Waste• Water• Energy
• Green initiatives
• Overall performance and future goals
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt 3
Amsterdam: a brief summary
Amsterdam in numbers
Size (hectares) (2012) 21,933
Population (2012) 790,044
Dutch nationality 687,068 (87%)
Non-Dutch nationality
102,976 (13%)
Apartments/houses total (2012)
395,875
Bikes per 100 inhabitants (18+ in age) (2011)
75
• Amsterdam was established as a small village lying next to the river Amstel in the late 12th century
• The village developed into Holland’s most important city during the Dutch Golden Age, as it became the center of trading
• Nowadays Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands
Source: Office for Statistics and Research of the Amsterdam municipality
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt 4
Outline
• Amsterdam: a brief summary
• Sustainable development in Amsterdam• Transport• Waste• Water• Energy
• Green initiatives
• Overall performance and future goals
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt 5
Sustainable development in Amsterdam
Transport (slide 6)
Waste(slide 7)
Water & energy(slide 8)
Bicycles are the main way of transportation within Amsterdam Public transport facilities are reasonable, but should be improved in
order to provide a more attractive alternative to travelling by car Infrastructure for electric transport is being installed and expanded
Average waste per household has constantly decreased during the past years
Waste processing and recycling has been well-managed Waste-sorting could be improved
Water consumption has been stable over the past five years Indirect emission of gas, heat and energy of households has
decreased, but simultaneously indirect emission by companies increased
There is still room for improvement regarding water and energy usage
6
As a result of the integration of bicycles, transport in Amsterdam is relatively sustainable
44%
23%
20%
6%8% Bike
Public transport
Car
Walking
Other/Don't know
• The bike is by far the most popular way to travel within Amsterdam
• Public transport is being promoted and as part of the ‘Sustainability Programme’ that has been introduced by the Amsterdam municipality, better transfer hubs and more efficient public transport links are being created
• The municipality is working on making electric transport more attractive by installing charging infrastructure and procuring electric vehicles
Source: Office for Statistics and Research of the Amsterdam municipality, Sustainability Programme 2010-2014
The use of ‘green’ transportation in Amsterdam
Mode of transportation when commuting between home & work 2010 (%) Conclusions
‘green’ modes of transport
in 2010 accounted for approximately 75% of all the
transport between home
and work
• The bicycle is one of the main modes of transportation in Amsterdam, which makes transport in the city relatively sustainable
• Air pollution can, and should, be further decreased in the future by promoting cycling and electric transport, and by increasing attractiveness of public transport
• Several programs and action plans by the municipality show a positive signal regarding the future of sustainable transport in Amsterdam
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt
7
Waste processing and recycling are well-managed, but waste-sorting lags behind compared to other Dutch cities
• Amsterdam’s waste processing company (AEB) has been recognized as a recycling company since 2010– Reusable materials are being
recovered– Waste is processed into sustainable
energy– Excess heat is used for district
heating and hot water
Source: Office for Statistics and Research of the Amsterdam municipality, website AEB
Waste processing
Reducing and sorting waste Conclusions
• Average waste per household has decreased during the past year
• Waste is recovered and processed into energy
• Sorted waste has in the past years decreased by more than 25% which could indicate that instead of decreasing consumption, people decreased sorting behavior
• Other Dutch cities have extensive waste sorting programs, Amsterdam could improve this aspect of waste-management
Average waste per household per year (kg)
420430440450460470480490 486
464
450 448
2008 2009 2010 2011
• Average waste per household has decreased during the past years
• However, sorted waste per household (including fruit & vegetables and glass) has decreased disproportionately
• This could be a sign that instead of decreased consumption, inhabitants decreasingly sorted their waste
• In other parts of the Netherlands waste-sorting is carried out to a much larger extent
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt
8
Progress in reducing water and energy consumption over the past years has been limited at best
• Although water consumption is mentioned in the Sustainability Programme, this does not seem to be an area of focus of the city
• This is reflected by stable water consumption by households and companies since 2008
• Promoting prudence in the use of water could potentially lead to lower water consumption in Amsterdam
Source: Office for Statistics and Research of the Amsterdam municipality, Sustainability Programme
Water
Energy Conclusions
• Large progress can still be made in the fields of energy and water usage
• The Sustainability Programme mainly focuses on reducing CO2 emission, and therefore energy consumption
• However, results have been limited
Use of water on yearly basis (x1000 m3)
• The percentage of houses with double-glass windows has been increasing with over 1 percent point per year since 2008, and in 2011 was 69%
• Indirect emissions of gas, energy and heat of households have been steadily decreasing since 2008
• However, emissions by companies have steadily increased over this period
• By focusing on energy savings in new and existing buildings the municipality tries to reduce energy consumption
2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
#REF! #REF!Households Companies
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt 9
Outline
• Amsterdam: a brief summary
• Sustainable development in Amsterdam• Transport• Waste• Water• Energy
• Green initiatives
• Overall performance and future goals
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt 10
Sustainable initiatives in Amsterdam
Municipality
Urban farming
Entrepreneurship
Sustainability is definitely ‘on the radar’, which is reflected by the number of projects promoting sustainable behavior
As in other cities, urban pharming is becoming increasingly popular, showing awareness regarding food production
This awareness is also shown in the growing number of shops selling ecological products, and the increasing number of restaurants using biological food as a marketing tool
Sustainable entrepreneurship is promoted and supported by the Amsterdam municipality
Student s
Sustainability is a hot topic under students, which is reflected by studies in sustainability at the Amsterdam universities, the rise of student associations focusing on sustainability and the number of student events having sustainability as their theme
Hopefully this is a sign that the younger part of the population is increasingly aware of the need for sustainable behavior
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Outline
• Amsterdam: a brief summary
• Sustainable development in Amsterdam• Transport• Waste• Water• Energy
• Green initiatives
• Overall performance and future goals
IE admission - Marieke van der Wilt 12
Amsterdam is doing relatively well, but there is still room for improvement
• Although Amsterdam is making progress, and scores relatively well on sustainable transportation, there is still room for improvement
• Use of electric transport, lowering water and energy consumption and increasing waste-sorting are all areas of focus
• The municipality is involved with many projects focusing on sustainability
• The most important step to be made is likely one on the side of inhabitants rather than on the side of the municipality/government
• It requires awareness to adjust behavior of households as well as firms
• This will likely provide the most important challenge for the future of sustainability in Amsterdam