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Sustainable Built Environment
Dr. Sam C M HuiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
The University of Hong KongE-mail: [email protected]
MECH1010 – Engineer in Societyhttp://www.hku.hk/bse/mech1010/
Mar 2008
Built Environment
• Built environment is everything that has been made by humans to modify the spaces in which we live and work• Ranges from the large-scale civic surroundings to
the personal places• May be residential, commercial, industrial,
schools, parks, roads and highways• Include architectural design, building engineering,
interior design, landscape design, town planning and urban design
Built Environment
• Scope of the built environment• Economy• Environment• Social
• Possible impacts, such as on• Quality of life, economic goals• Climate, bio-sphere, global resources• Air quality, water and ground pollution• Land use, waste, local resources
Built Environment
• Our world today has limited resources
• Excessive use of materials is not only wasteful of natural products, but also costs money
• There is a need to promote “sustainable development” in our society/planet
• Two key questions to ask ourselves:• What is sustainable development?• How to make the built environment sustainable?
Built Environment
• The Brundtland Report (Our Common Future)• “S.D. is development which meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.” – World Commission on Environment and Development.
• Two important concepts• Needs – maintain an acceptable life standard• Limits – within the carrying capacity of
supporting ecosystems and resource base
Supportingecosystems andresource base
Human needs anddevelopment
Ecological footprint (hectares/person) *:- world average = 2.3- USA = 10.3- Hong Kong = 6.0- China = 1.2[* Source: Friends of theEarth (HK)]
WasteSupply
Carrying capacity and ecological footprint
Built Environment
• One day in HK (popul. = 6.97 million) [1999]• Fresh water consumption = 358 litre/person• Electricity consumption = 13.9 kWh/person• Food consumption:
• Vegetables 1,100 tonnes; fruits 1,800 tonnes• Live pigs 6,200 heads; live cattle 170 heads• Live poultry 190 tonnes; fresh eggs 200 tonnes• Freshwater fish 120 tonnes; marine fish 170 tonnes
• Solid waste production = 18,040 tonnes
Built Environment
• How to make the built environment sustainable?• Achieve a balance among economy, environment
and social• Promote sustainable design and operation of
buildings which consider• Economy and efficiency of resources
• Life cycle design
• Human well-being
Economy
Environment
SocietyEconomicSustainabilityGrowthDevelopmentProductivityTrickle-down
Social SustainabilityCultural IdentityEmpowerment
AccessibilityStability
Equity
Environmental SustainabilityEcosystem integrityCarrying capacityBiodiversity
Human Well Being
Three dimensions of sustainability
Building life cycle and sustainable construction
Construction
Operation & maintenance
Demolition/Disposal
Design
Waste management
Recycle Reuse
Materials and systems
Reduce Select
Pre-BuildingPhase
BuildingPhase
Post-BuildingPhase
Energy issues Water conservation
Efficiency Renewable Reduce Recycle
Designers
Contractors
Users
- CO2 emissions- acid rain- ozone depletion- rainforest depletion
- energy performance- renewable energy- water conservation
- air quality- thermal comfort- lighting & noise- hazardous materials
- material selection- recycling of materials- waste management- disposal & reuse
- environmental policy- transport strategy- building maintenance
- site selection- urban design- landscape planning
EnvironmentalCriteria &Factors
UpstreamUpstream DownstreamDownstream
Bldg. materials
Energy/fuels
Fresh water
Consumer goods
Solar radiationWindRain
Used materials
Combustion by- productWaste water
Garbage
HeatPolluted airGround water
Resource and material flow in the building ecosystem
What is it?
Ans.: A sustainable washing machine(Benefits: save energy and water, reuse materials, promote human exercises)
Built Environment
• Video presentation:• A democratic building (17 min.) [AV
725.1209421 D3]• The Greater London Authority's headquarters (GLA
Building)• To study the aims, design and implementation of an
environmentally considered building• Contributors:
• Richard Banks, CIT Group (the client)• David Kong, architect with Foster and Partners• Sara McGowan, building services engineers with Ove Arup• Macolm Turpin, structural engineer with Ove Arup
Built Environment
• Role Model – Mechanical Building Services Engineer: Sara McGowan• Young Women Engineer of the Year 2003, UK• Uses science & art to design modern buildings• Further info:
• Sara McGowan: Case Study (PDF)• A day in the life... Sara McGowan• Snapshots - Sara McGowan, Engineer• Video online (from Vega Science Trust) (14 minutes)
• http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/53