SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF …rcse.edu.shiga-u.ac.jp/gov-pro/plan/2010list/10/malaysian_lakes/3... · SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF LAKES AND ... Negeri

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF LAKES AND

RESERVOIRS IN MALAYSIA

FINAL REVIEW MEETING OF THE ILBM-GOVERNANCE PROJECT2nd - 6th NOVEMBER 2010, KUSATSU, JAPAN

Shahrizaila Abdullah (ASM)Fatimah Md.Yusoff (UPM)

P. Loganathan (ASM)Pauziah Hanum (NAHRIM)

Bashirah Mohd Fazli (NAHRIM)

Status Report – September 2010

Contents Background Dev.of strategic plan for sustainable lake and

reservoir management Status Report:› Development of the Malaysian Lake

Management Plans› Development of the Malaysian Lake Briefs

ASM/NAHRIM/ILEC collaboration Future outlook

Vision:All lakes and reservoirs in Malaysia are

managed and conserved on a sustainable basisMission:

To advance sound management of lakes and reservoirs in Malaysia

LAKE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA

Background

1. Lake Eutrophication Desk Study – 2005› Inventory – 90 lakes: 55 water supply/irrigation; 35% lakes

for hydropower, flood control.

2. Colloquium on Management of Lakes and Reservoirs in Malaysia : 2nd to 3rd August 2007› 8 case studies by lake managers and researchers from

Malaysia focusing on lakes in Malaysia used for various purposes

3. Development of Strategic Plan for Lake and Reservoir Management

4. ASM/NAHRIM/ILEC/UNIs Collaboration

To reflect overall eutrophication status, the lakes are graded as good, medium or bad based on Vollenweider’s (1976) allowable nutrient loadings:

Grading TSI (Trophic State Index)

Good < 37.4Medium 37.4 < TSI < 47.4Bad TSI > 47.4

1.Desk Study – Eutrophication of LakesLake Classification

Desk Study –Eutrophication of LakesConclusions and Recommendations

Eutrophication of lakes has reached levels for serious concern

Restoration efforts needed for lakes in the BAD category

Plan needed for lake management and restoration Immediate follow-up study needed to confirm TSIs More research needed in identified priority areas Public awareness and capacity building

Background







2. Colloquium on Lakes and Reservoirs in Malaysia – 2nd

and 3rd August 2007

› Need for a `National Plan for Integrated Lake Management’ building on the momentum provided by the Colloquium.

Governance Lake Management Research Needs Stakeholder Participation Capacity Building, and Lake Information Management.

Objectives of the colloquium Create & foster greater awareness on status

& issues pertaining to lakes & reservoirs

Share the findings of past and currentresearch activities - taking stock of currentlake management practices

Develop & set up a framework for sound lakemanagement in Malaysia & for a continuingrelated research agenda

Background







3. Dev. of Strategic Plan for Lake & Reservoir Mgt Conceptual Framework Plan using Logical Framework

Approach (LFA) format – multi-stakeholder workshop on 15 Jan. 08

Six Component Plans – consultation workshops on LFA format Governance – 19th August 2008, 42 participants

Management – 8th July 2008, 67 participants

Research and Development – 3rd June 2008, 30 participants

Capacity Building – 4th June 2008, 27 participants

Information Management – system developed at NAHRIM

Community Stakeholders – 2nd December 2008, 31 participants

Synthesis Report and Strategic Plan for Lake and Reservoir Management

Local agencies Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) National Hydraulic Res. Ins. of Malaysia (NAHRIM) Ministry of Nat. Res. & Environ. (NRE) Local Universities (UPM, USM, UKM, UTM, UNIMAS)

International agencies International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC) Inter-Academy Panel Japan Science & Technology Agency

Institutions involved

A Technical Committee on Lake Management was established, hosted by ASM and NAHRIM: develop a Strategic Plan for Lake & Reservoir Management in Malaysia

Priority area• Eutrophication of Lakes

62% of 90 lakes studied were nutrient-rich or eutrophic

deterioration of water quality

degradation important “stock” of the country’s water resources

Reasons for concern Total = 90 Lakes

38% (34): mesotrophic62% (56): Eutrophic

Strategy Plan Documents(was submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and

Environment (NRE) Malaysia for its consideration in June 2009)

Development of a national vision for Malaysian lakes & reservoirs

Development of a policy framework statement Development of a Mission Statement for lake

management, and Development of a strategy framework for

development and management of Malaysian lakes

Details of Strategy Plan

Development of a National Vision for Malaysian Lakes andReservoirs - first step in bringing about a unified approachto lake management

“Engender the sustainable use of lakes for their ecosystemservices and economic values”

The development of a policy framework statement

• Lakes and reservoirs will be sustained, restored andprotected through the adoption of an Integrated LakeBasin Management (ILBM) approach

Details of Strategy Plan

The development of a Mission Statement for lakemanagement – based on IWRM• “To engender sound management of lakes

through the adoption and application of IWRMprinciples and practices”

Note: Malaysia has formally adopted IntegratedWater Resources Management principles - centralthrust to water res. Management - IWRM sub-setapplicable to lakes under Integrated Lake BasinManagement (ILBM).

• Strategy I. Identify and Empower a Lead Ministry/Agency -NRE;Department of Irrigation and Drainage.

• Strategy II. Establish a National Lake Resource Centre (NLRC)under NRE:• A CoE for lake research & Mgt• Coordinate experts to focus on priority areas for research and

study.• A reference centre and database for all information and research on

lakes in Malaysia.

• NAHRIM : Why?• A research institute - “an expert centre on water and its environment

management to ensure sustainable growth in order to improve thequality of life and well being”.

• has strong links with local research institutions and universities.• located within NRE - better enable intra-agency coordination.

The Development of a Strategy Framework for Development & Management of Malaysian Lakes

NLRC Immediate Tasks

Together with relevant lake management stakeholders – develop an agenda for sustained multi-disciplinary research related to the lake environment, its development and operational management

To ensure the lake database is populated and updated regularly to include lake briefs of all lakes in the country (all information should be easily accessible to all stakeholders to facilitate sound and efficient decision making)

• Strategy III: Establish a Standing Committee on Lakes within thepurview of the National Water Resources Council

• NWRC - chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister with members drawnfrom the Chief Ministers of each state.

• A standing committee should be set up under the NWRC

• NRE would lead this Standing Committee having been mandated todeal with the integrated management of all natural resources in thecountry.

oversee the integrated management of lakes - enable policies withadministrative trans-boundary dimension be developed &implemented.

to develop a common set of guidelines for integrated lake basinmanagement for use at all levels

The Development of a Strategy Framework for Development & Management of Malaysian Lakes -Cont

• Strategy IV: Establish Lake Management Committeesat State Level

• At the political level of Government – allowscoordination among the various agencies that areinvolved in the management of lakes.• Ensure lakes and reservoirs are gazetted as environmentally

sensitive areas (ESAs).

• Development in & around these gazetted lake areas wouldrequire prior clearance from this Committee.

• An immediate review of appropriate development restrictions andcontrols cover all lake and reservoir basins

• Review the need for Special Area Plans

The Development of a Strategy Framework for Development & Management of Malaysian Lakes - Cont

• Strategy V: Development of a Detailed Action Plan• Collective efforts of NRE, DID and NAHRIM - work closely with

stakeholders and lake managers at Federal/State levels.

• Nation wide assessment on all lakes – Lake Briefs

• Strategy VI: Support the role of Local Communities in LakeManagement• The public can play a major role in Lake Mgt.

• Public’s view - public hearings or other relevant fora.

• Provide information of past conditions of a lake/reservoir,particularly in the absence of written records; e.g. farmers, urbanplanners, lawyers, economists and communication specialists.

• Solicit services of NGOs & CBOs to facilitate formation ofcommunity based movements.


• Strategy VII: Pass appropriate legislation to strengthen existinglegal framework

• Both at National and State level, appropriate legislation should bepassed to enable management of lakes as a resource.

• Management agencies should work with DID on the management oflakes.

• Strategy VIII: Enhance networking and strengthen internationalstrategic alliances

• learn from experiences of other countries; share ours own with them.

• Current: ILEC since 2007

• ILBM-Governance Project - Steering Committee members ofILEC in Malaysia.

• 12th and 13th World Lake Conferences (WLCs) held in Jaipur,India (2007) and Wuhan, China (2009).


Development of Malaysian Lake Briefs

Identified two of the Malaysian lakes Bukit Merah Reservoir in Perak Tasik Chini in Pahang

extended to six (6) other lakes in the country

1. Kenyir Lake, Terengganu2. Muda-Pedu Lake, Kedah3. Putrajaya Lake, Putrajaya, 4. Terip Lake, Negeri Sembilan 5. Timah-Tasoh Lake, Perlis6. Loagan (Lake) Bunut, Sarawak

National Seminar:“Managing Lakes & their Basins for Sustainable Use: Current Status of selected Lakes”, 22nd – 23rd Feb. 2010,

Organised by ASM, NAHRIM & DID; supported NRE, KETTHA & MOSTI – 8 lake briefs

ILEC Annual Review Meeting of the ILBM-Governance Project 2009: 24th -28th February 2010, at EiMAS, UKM Bangi.

Provided a Gap Analysis and comments on Lake Briefs.

NAHRIM recommended a Plan of Action for preparation of Lake Briefs for all remaining lakes in the country

ASM - Synthesis report of 8 lake briefs - “Managing lakes and their basins for sustainable use in Malaysia”. -completed & ready for printing.

Prepare Lake Management Plans

Location of the Lakes

① Tasik Timah-Tasoh, Perlis② Tasik Mudah-Pedu, Kedah③ Tasik Bukit Merah, Perak④ Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu⑤ Tasik Chini, Pahang⑥ Tasik Putrajaya, Putrajaya⑦ Tasik Terip, Negeri Sembilan⑧ Loagan Bunut, Sarawak

No Lake/Reservoir Location by State

Owner/Operator Type/Purpose

1 Tasik Chini Pahang State UPEN Natural lake

2 Tasik Bukit Merah Perak DID Reservoir (I,W)

3 Tasik Kenyir Trengganu KETENGAH/TNB Reservoir (H,F)

4 Loagan Bunut State UPEN/Forestry

Natural lake

5 Tasik Pedu and Muda

Kedah MOA/MADA Reservoir (I.W,F)

6 Tasik Putrajaya Wilayah Persekutuan

Putrajaya Authority Reservoir (Re)

7 Tasik Terip Negri Sembilan

BKSA/SAINS Reservoir (W)

8 Tasik Timah Tasoh Perlis DID Reservoir(I,W,F)

I – Irrigation; W – Water Supply; H – Hydropower; F – Flood Mitigation; Re - Recreation

Table 1. Description of selected lakes

Item Type of Lake/Reservoir Number Owner/Operator

1 Natural Lakes 3 (4) State UPEN/ Perhilitan

2 Irrigation Reservoirs 9 DID/MOA/MADA

3 Hydropower Reservoirs 12 TNB/ SEB

4 Flood Mitigation/ Silt Retention Reservoirs

7 DID

5 Water Supply Reservoirs 47 Water Supply Authorities

6 Urban Recreational lakes 13 Local Authority

Total 91 (92)

Table 2. Lakes/reservoir type and owners/ operator agency

Owner/Operator 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

DID/NRE 2 4 5 5 4 -

TNB 1 2 3 3 - -

MOA 2 2 1 1 1 1

SPANWater supply

1 4 4 4 5 5

Recreational lakes 1 2 2 2 2 2

OTHERS 1 1 1 1 1 1

Total 8 17 16 16 13 9

Table 3. Proposed work plan for the completion of Lake Briefs

All 92 lake briefs will be completed within the 10th Malaysia Plan period (2011-2015).

No. Lake/Reservoir Location by State Owner/Operator Type/Purpose

1 Tasik Ringlet Cameron Highlands, Pahang

TNB Hydro-electricity

2 Tasik Chenderoh Perak TNB Hydro-electricity

3 Sembrong Dam Johore DID Irrigation, Flood Mitigation, Water Supply

4 Beris Dam Kedah DID Irrigation

5 Paya Indah Wetlands

Selangor PERHILITAN Ex- Mining Pond

6 Tasik Bera Pahang PERHILITAN Natural Lake

7 Sg. Selangor Dam Selangor LUAS Water Supply

8 Klang Gates Dam Selangor LUAS Water Supply, Flood Mitigation

Programme 2010 for the Malaysian Briefs

Development of the Malaysian Lake Management Plans Plans have been prepared for:

• Putrajaya Lake, Putrajaya

• Loagan Bunut, Sarawak

Strategy I of the National Strategic Plan:

DID - Prepare Development Plans on other 6 lakes (with lake briefs)

DID prepare a Plan of Action, in consultation with all relevant stakeholders

Complete lake management plans for all lakes in the country over a time frame of five years ending in 2015

Background







ASM/NAHRIM/ILEC COLLABORATION

12th World Lake Conference in Jaipur, India Oct/Nov 2007’

1st Consultative Meeting ILEC senior member (Dr. S. Jorgensen, Prof W. Rast & Prof. Nakamura) with Malaysian Experts in Malaysia, 9 July 2008 - ILBM-Governance Project initiative – Dec 2008, confirmed 2 sites- Bukit Merah & Tasik Cini.

Annual Review Meeting (ARM) for Fiscal Year 2008 of the ILBM-G Project at Kusatsu, Japan, March 2009

13th World Lake Conference in Wuhan, China, November 2009

ASM/NAHRIM/ILEC COLLABORATION, CONT

ARM of ILBM-G Project 2009 in EiMAS, UKM, Bangi, 23rd

to 24th Feb. 2010 (Japan, Malaysia, India, Nepal, China, the Philippines, and Mexico).

TWAP-National (Trans-boundary Water Assessment Program) Expert Group Meeting, EiMAS, UKM, Bangi, 26th to 28th Feb. 2010

TWAP Expert Group Meeting - UN System to develop a “Trans-boundary Water Assessment Methodology,” to assess five major water systems: lakes, rivers, groundwater, large marine ecosystems, & open ocean.

OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE

To work in close collaboration with other water related ministries and agencies especially with all State Government administrations

Complementary efforts - needed at the national scale in capacity building programmes

especially to develop competent lake managers with multi-disciplinary skills

Long term, adequate investments in R & D to ensure that good science, technology and innovation to address the multiplicity of issues and problems faced by

the lake environment

FUTURE CHALLENGES

Poor management of the lake environment

which had been based on very sectoral lines

being quite oblivious of the degradation of water quality

Unfettered development of lake basin catchment areas

without due regard to damages created especially to water bodies in lakes and reservoirs

Summary

Lake Mgt initiative began in 2005 - ASM & NAHRIM

Developed clear national programme based on ILBM principles and practices

ILBM is a sub-set of IWRM (Malaysian Government has already formally adopted)

Strategic Plan for Lake and Reservoir Management -submitted to the NRE Ministry in mid-2009

The set of 8 strategies provides the direction for concerted action by relevant stakeholders .

Summary, Cont DID and NAHRIM, to work with other water related

agencies and all State Government administrations -develop & implement a road map for building effective lake governance regime.

NRE is currently preparing a Cabinet Paper towards formal adoption of the Strategic Plan

NAHRIM and DID to complete lake briefs and lake management plans

Strong linkages with ILEC on ILBM principles and practices, supported with other international collaboration

Lake Briefs for 8 Malaysian Lakes

› Tasik Bukit Merah (Perak) › Tasik Chini (Pahang)› Tasik Timah Tasuh (Perlis)› Tasik Terip (Negeri Sembilan) › Loagan Bunut (Sarawak)› Tasik Kenyir (Terengganu) › Tasik Pedu/Muda (Kedah) › Tasik Putrajaya (Wilayah Persekutuan)

Tasik Bukit Merah (Perak) The oldest reservoir in the country

Built in 1906 - Bukit Merah Reservoir covers an area of 6,200 ha and hold 83 million m3 of water.

Originally established only for irrigation of the fields in Krian.

Now supports a multiplicity of functions.

Tasik Bukit Merah, Perak

Major functions include:

› Irrigation water to the 23,560 ha Krian Irrigation Scheme for rice cultivation.

› Domestic water supply for the 200,000 people in Kerian District & Larut Matang districts.

› Mitigate downstream flooding of Sg. Kurau.

› Support tourism activities - Bukit Merah Lake Town Resort.

› Support the development of Arowana production for the global aquarium trade.

› Cater for north-south railway line that runs across Bukit Merah Dam for 4 km length.

Tasik Bukit Merah (Perak)

Also supports a rich and varied aquatic biodiversity - 34 species offish inclusive crabs and prawns.

Presence of the Arowana Malayan Gold (Sclerophages formosus) - theonly place in the world where it occurs.

Over 50 fishermen operate in the lake, their catch forming the basisof a small dried and pickled fish industry.

Department of Fisheries gazetted the northern area of the lake nearSg. Merah river mouth as a Arowana Sanctuary in compliance with theinternational convention as a pre condition to support the Arowanas’breeding industry.

10-ha island in the lake has been converted to a reserve for theendangered orang utan.


Major Issues:› Deleterious changes in land use in the surrounding

catchments› Floating vegetation growth - 40% of lake covered by

floating and aquatic vegetation.› Occasional drought event interferes with navigation› 180ha allocated for arowana farming - likely to put

pressure on the natural stocks of the fish› A further 40ha ha inside the lake for development of the

Bukit Merah Lake Town Resort› Upgrading works of north-south railway line across the

lake impacts on water quality and flow rates.


The development of the lake basin catchmentinvolves:› Land Office and Forestry Department.› Private companies.

Bukit Merah Development Committee - topromote investment rather than handlemanagement issues.

State River Committee likely to play a moreuseful role role in providing the integratedmanagement.


Tasik Chini, Pahang Located in Pahang, about 100km south of Kuantan. Tasik Chini is a natural lake - formed by fluvial processes

associated with Sg. Pahang. 2nd largest fresh water lake in Malaysia Size of the lake varies from 202 ha (dry season) to 300 ha. Shallow - maximum water depth 3 – 6 m. Biodiversity - home to

› 138 species of flora› 300 species of non-aquatic life› 144 species of fresh water fish.

Between August and September - thousands of white and pinklotus flowers covering the surface.

Tourist destination for many years, and improved accessibilityhas increased visitor flows

Tasik Chini,

Major issues:› Weir constructed for better boat access has disrupted the

natural ecology of the lake and caused the death of trees onits shores due to elevated water level.

› Logging and plantation activities within the basin› Forest clearing› Sewage and sullage discharge from the resorts and the

National Service camp.› No one authority that is in charge of the development and

management of Tasik Chini. Management has been distributedto a plethora of agencies that do not work in concert toengender an integrated approach to management of the lake.

› The lake and its watershed have been declared an Class IEnvironmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) by the Department ofTown and Country Planning,

› Corresponding effort - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia tomake it a biosphere reserve.

Tasik Chini, Pahang

Lake Function and Assets

Drink-ing

Water

Hydroelectri-

city

Irriga-

tion

BioDiver-sity

Water Sports and

Recrea-tion

Fishing- Arte-sinal

Fishing-Rec-

reational

Aquaculture

Ecotourism Heritage

Timah Tasuh + + + + + +

Terip+

Bukit Merah + + + + + + + +

Loagan Bunut + + + +

Kenyir + + + + + + + + + +

Chini+ + + + +

Pedu/Muda + + + + + + +

Putrajaya + + + +

Assets & Functions of Selected Lakes in M’sia

Summary of Issues/Challenges Facing Selected Lakes in Malaysia

Unplanned Catchment Development• Timah Tasoh

• Terip

• Bukit Merah

• Loagan Bunut

• Tasik Pedu/Muda

• Chini

• Kenyir

• Putrajaya

• Pollution

• Proliferation of Aquatic Weeds

• Endangered/Declining Biodiversity

• Alien Invasive Species

• Sedimentation

• Declining fish catch

• Absence ILBM based mgt. plan

• Absence of a Central management Authority

• Impairment of lakeside community values

Lake

Function and Assets

Unplanned

Catchment

Development

Pollution

Proliferation of Aquatic Weeds

Endan-gered/Declin-

ing Biodiver

sity

Alien Invasiv

e Species

Sedimentation

Declining fish catch

Absence of an

overall ILBM based

managementplan

Impairment of lakeside commu

nity values

Absence of a Central manage

mentAuthority

Timah Tasuh + + + NA NA + NA + NA +

Terip NA NA NA +

Bukit Merah + + + + NA + NA + +

Loagan Bunut + + NA + NA + + + +

Kenyir + + + + + +

Chini + + + + + + + + +

Pedu/Muda + + NA NA NA NA NA + NA +

Putrajaya + + + NA NA + NA + NA

Summary of Issues/Challenges Facing Selected Lakes in Malaysia

The Way Forward Need platform that all those who manage lakes can

subscribe to.

Formulated towards integrating efforts to manage lakeson a more rational basis & should serve to set the stagefor a more comprehensive and holistic management oflake resources.