Oleh Emil Salim

17/3/2016- 21/2/2017- 8/8/2017

emilsalim2009@gmail.com

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

INDONESIA

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Human influence on the earth system is now so large, that a new geologic epoch (the Anthropocene) has begun. We now live in a “Full World”

Business as usual is not an option

PLANETARY BOUNDARIES: THERE ARE FUNDAMENTAL ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS

Rockström, J., et al. 2009. A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461:472-475

Steffen, W., J. Rockström, and R. Costanza. 2011. How Defining Planetary Boundaries Can Transform Our Approach to Growth. Solutions. Vol 2, No. 3, May 2011

food

energy

water

leisure

participation

health

community

education

fairness

income

security

identity

freedomecoservices

Elementsof well-being& Quality of

Life

The Sustainable

and Desirable

“doughnut”(after: K. Raworth. 2012. A safe

and just space for humanity: can

we live within the doughnut?

Oxfam International)

THE PARADIGM

OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTMoving away from “single economic only track of development” into “triple economic-social-envi-ronment (ESE) track of sustainable development:

1. Raising income with value-added of resources through science and technology;

2. Social development by improving “accessibility bottlenecks” (economic connectivcity, financial services, education, health, technology, natural resources, politics) and empowering civil society;

3. Maintaining environmental sustainability by keeping ecological footprints below the bio- and life support system capacity;

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD:

THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

THE SUSTAINABILITY MAP

+ -- + +

• Profitability

-- -- -- +

Social Benefit

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

INDONESIA

1. Segi Sosial (Social Aspects);

2. Segi Ekonomi (Economic Aspects);

3. Segi Lingkungan (Environmental Aspects);

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SEGI SOSIAL:

KEPENDUDUKAN.

SOCIAL ASPECTS:

POPULATION

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Changes in Provincial Distribution of Indonesia

Population 2015 and 2030 (million people)

No. Province 2015 2030

1. Jawa 145,1 163,2

2. Sumatera 55,2 65,9

3. Sulawesi 18,7 21,9

4. Kalimantan 15,3 19,2

5. Bali, Nusa Tenggara 14,1 16,7

6. Papua 4,0 5,1

7. Maluku 2,8 3,6

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Population Mobility Negative Net Migration at

All Ages with Peak 20-24 Years

1. Central Java;

2. East Java;

3. Nusa Tenggara;

4. South Sumatera;

5. North Sumatera;

6. West Sumatera;

7. Lampung;

8. South Sulawesi;

9. Maluku.

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Groups of District/ Cities according the Percentage of The Poor (Along the X Line)

And The Percentage of Budget Allocation for Poverty Eradication,

Province of Central Java. 2014

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Harga beras domestik lebih

tinggi daripada harga

internasional, dan naik

terus. Namun,

kesejahteraan petani

menurun.Harga ritel domestik naik

14% Persen sejak Okt

2014

Sumber: BPS, CEIC, PIBC.

Sementara, upah riil buruh

tani dan NTP terus

menurun

Harga grosir beras domestik

1,7 kali di atas harga

internasional

Kenaikan harga beras tidak

berasosiasi dengan

kesejahteraan petani yang

lebih tinggi

Bagaimana cara

mensejahterakan petani?

11,522

13,125

11,500

11,700

11,900

12,100

12,300

12,500

12,700

12,900

13,100

13,300

13,500R

p/k

g

38,955

37,396

102.87

100.53

98

98.5

99

99.5

100

100.5

101

101.5

102

102.5

103

103.5

37,000

37,200

37,400

37,600

37,800

38,000

38,200

38,400

38,600

38,800

39,000

Rp/a

ri

Upah Riil Buruh Tani (sumbu kiri)

NTP (sumbu kanan)

44455221

8141.33

9014.04

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

11,000

Oct

-14

Dec

-14

Feb-1

5

Apr-

15

Jun-1

5

Aug-

15

Oct

-15

Dec

-15

Feb-1

6

Apr-

16

Jun-1

6

Aug-

16

Oct

-16

Dec

-16

Feb-1

7

Apr-

17

Jun-1

7

Rp/k

g

Harga Beras Thai Broken 15%, wholesale

Harga Beras IR-64 II, wholesale

14

%

NT

P2,3%

Upa

h 4%

SEGI EKONOMI

1. Middle Income Trap = if country stays for long in same income level;

2. Peranan Total Faktor Produktifitas;

Output per factors production

growing

3. Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia; Human Resources Development;

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SEGI LINGKUNGAN

1. Pendekatan Green Growth Approach;

2. Koreksi “Kegagalan Pasar” Market

failures correction;

3. Peta-jalan memberi nilai pada modal

lingkungan, road-map to value

environmental capital ,

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Green development

agenda

Economic sustainability

Social sustain-

ability

Environmental sustain-

ability

Ensuring

compatibility and

complementarity

between economic

and environmental sustainability

Ensuring that

economic

prosperity is shared and

inclusive

Reinforcing the synergies between

environmental sustainability and

social goals

Enhanced

quality of indicators

Within this

bigger

framework, of

course

LOWER ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS WITH

HIGHER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

TOWARDS INCLUSIVE MARKET APPROACH

Model Nested SDGs(Rockstrom dan Sukhdev, 2016)

• SDGs menggunakan logika nested, bukan triple bottom line.

• Dengan logika nested, maka Tujuan-tujuan SDGs tak bisa dipisah-pisahkan.

• Economy adalah bagian dari society, dan keduanya adalah bagian dari biosphere. Pemenuhan kebutuhan ekonomi dan sosial hanya bisa dilakukan di dalam planetary boundaries.

Incentives Specific fiscal policy to support biodiversity conservation

Compensation for set aside area such as conservation areas and HCV within corporate’s land

Direct biodiversity protection compensation

Removal of perverse subsidies from EXISTING POLICIES

Market-based incentives

Biodiversity related performance-based reward system for corporate sector

Cost/pricing arrangements

Innovative financing

Biodiversity off set markets (may be relevant under certain situation)

GDM (potential for Indonesia ? Any position)

Phylanthropic

Debt for Nature Swap (untapped potentials !)

Making hidden external costs and benefits visible

Non Exclusive/Non rivalry in consumption

Social Cost ≠ Private Cost

(the truth value of social opportunity cost)

Positive when

Social Benefit ►Private Benefit

Addressing Externalities provides rationale public policy

intervention

Externalities = Major cause of Market Failure

Market Failure = Price Mechanism does not take into account Social C/B on production and consumption

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Production and productivity

Outputs and well-being

Inputs and Natural Assets

Water (volume and quality of freshwater)

Forest and marine resources (ha forest, tonnes of

fish)

Mineral/energy resources (e.g. gas reserves)

Biodiversity (protected areas, species)

Energy intensity (kWh per unit of GDP

Material intensity (tonnes per unit of GDP)

Waste (percent collected and recycled)

Innovation (R&D, labour productivity)

Health (death / illnesses from air pollution)

Risk (exposure to natural disasters)

Water (availability of clean drinking water,

freshwater quality)

Ecosystem services (recreation, aesthetic value)

Source: Green Growth Knowledge Platform: Moving Towards a Common Approach on Green Growth

Indicators

A framework for developing and selecting indicators

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Impact pathway of an economy that does value natural capital

Source: adapted from van Paddenburg, Bassi, Buter, Cosslett and Dean (2012, p.24) 37

MENANGGAPI MASA DEPANMenjelang 2045 kita hadapi depletion of resources/energy requiring direction into:

Resource enrichment naikkan nilai-tambah;

Terutama renewable & bio-diversity natural resources beserta renewable energy;

Kebijakan ekonomi tertuju pada hilangkan distorsi harga renewable-versus-non renewable resources;

Human-resource development with Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics-Social Science capacity;

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FRONTIER BARU PEMBANGUNAN

Pembangunan menjelang 2045 dipengaruhi oleh pengembangan advanced technology, a.l.

Nano-technology;

Arrtificial Intelligence dlm “searching, reasoning, planning dan learning”;

Tumbuhnya “design driven culture” dgn “design thinking” memadukan “design-technology-busi-ness” yg mencakup “employment-company-custo-mer” sebagai soko-guru sustainable development;

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LEAN THINKING

Seeking to manage the life cycle of any product/servic along the following 5 principles of lean thinking:

1. Understand the value created by each product;

2. Identify the value stream for each product;

3. Make value flow withouh interruptions, reduce waste of time, money, energy, and other resources;

4. Encourage customers to pull value through the en-tire system, use modern technique of communication

5. Pursue perfection at every stage;40

FROM DEMATERIALIZATION TOWARD SOCIAL ENTERPRENEURSHIP

1. Dematerializatin: More value, less products;

2. Transfrom the goods into they sell into services;

“from selling cars to providing mobility”;

As the evolution of sustainability “profits in effect become a reward for enhancing public goods = the ennobled enterprises– merging private profit and public good (Ian Davis), overlapping “circle of profit” and “circle of public good”= ennobled enterprise, social enterpreneurship;

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BACAAN & KUTIPAN

1. UN-SDG, “The Global Goals”, New York, 2015;

2. N.Diop, World Bank, Unpublished paper on Middle In-

come Trap, 2015

3. Bambang Widianto, TNP2K, Sekretariat Wakil Presiden

“Mengatasi Kemiskinan”, Juni 2017;

4. Papers Seminar AIPI 2017: Soeryo Adiwibowo,

“Trend issue Konservasi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati”

dan M. Mubariq, “Ekonomi Biodiversity”,

5. Global Green Growth Institute, “Review of Green

Growth Assessment and Extended Cost-Benefit

Analysis”, March, 2016; 42

BACAAN & KUTIPAN

6. Emil Salim dan kawan2, Population Dynamics and Sustainable Development, UFPA, Jakarta 2015;

7. www.viewsofttheworld.net. Map by Benyamin D. H

Henning;

8. Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, “Prinsip

dan Kebijakan Dasar Sektor Lingkungan Hidup dan

Kehutanan”, 2-4 Agustus 2017.

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