Sustainable Development: Scenarios and Strategies for meeting the world’s energy

demand with Hydrogen

Arno A. Evers, Arno A. Evers FAIR-PR, Germany

Contents:

• Still on Probation or Ready for Take-Off? • Not Technical Possibilities but Consumer Demand• Evolution of the Aircraft Industry• Sustainable Development: scenarios for the coming Hydrogen economy• Worldwide Hydrogen Production Analysis• Production of Electricity – comparison of Primary Energies vs. Renewable

Energies • Future Hydrogen Production by Renewable Energies• Regeneration of Electricity – today and tomorrow• Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Still on Probation or Ready for Take-Off ?• Fuel Cells technology using Hydrogen or another energy carrier has

been on worldwide probation for the last 30 years…• Billions of US $ – both from Private finance and Government funds -

have already been invested • Adoption was announced several times

but often postponed…• Critical Issues:

– How long will it take to be commercial?– Will H2/FC be on probation for another 30 years?

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Not Technical Possibilities but Consumer Demand

• The future of an Hydrogen economy will not be dependent on the replacement of existing energy-powered products, but rather in products and/or services unknown today which will benefit our daily life tomorrow…

• Because of the “added value” benefits of thesenew products and/or services, this development is going to happen…

…sooner than many “experts” are thinking today!

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is! New Players on the Chinese Automotive Market• AUX Group Co., Ltd.

Privately-owned Home Appliance maker

• Lifan Group IncorporatedChina’s largest private Motorcycle producer

• Ningbo Bird Co., Ltd Manufacturer of Electronic communications (mobiles)

• China National Bluestar (Group) CorporationState-owned conglomerate

• Wulianye Distillery YibinAlcohol producer

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Actual Worldwide Hydrogen Production (2000)

The coming Hydrogen Economy can only be realised with Hydrogen produced from

Renewable EnergiesSource: Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI – July 2001

55% from Crude Oil29% from Natural Gas

11% from Coal 5% from Electrolysis

9Total: 61 x 10 m³ / a

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is! Production of Hydrogen – Example 1

Toronto, ON, Canada - Hydrogen refueling station with electrolyser at North America´s first urban wind turbine

Go to Where the Market is! Production of Hydrogen – Example 2

Golden, CO, USA – Fluidized Bed Reactor for transforming Biomass into Hydrogen as developed & demonstrated at NREL

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Go to Where the Market is!

Source: C.A.P.S.A –Capex S.A. www.capex.com.ar

Flow of Hydrogen from Argentina to supply the world

Go to Where the Market is! Future Hydrogen produced from Renewable Energies

-Electrolysis: splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen with the help of electricity which should be produced by renewable primary energies such as wind power, solar energy, hydro power

-Biomass Reforming: a way of producing hydrogen from renewable energy without using electricity but gasification of biomass and steam reforming

-Photo electrolysis: uses sunlight to split water directly combining a PV cell with an electrolyser; incl.photo biological, photo

electrochemical and photochemical processes

Hydrogen can be implemented as a storage or leveling technology for Renewable Energies

Go to Where the Market is!

We invite you to attend our upcoming international Hydrogen and Fuel Cells events…

Go to Where the Market is!

Group Exhibit Hydrogen + Fuel CellsHANNOVER FAIR

• The annual Group Exhibit has developed to be the biggest of its kind in the world since 1995.

• 116 Exhibitors and Forum Participants from 24 countries showed their latest developments in 2004

• The next HANNOVER FAIR April 11-15, 2005

Go to Where the Market is!

You are most welcome to attend or exhibit!

Go to www.fair-pr.com to check out all the onsite activities, photos and statements

Go to Where the Market is!

Arno A. Evers FAIR-PR Achheimstrasse 3 82319 Starnberg, GermanyTel.: +49-(0)8151-99892-3 Fax: +49-(0)8151-99892-43E-mail: arno@fair-pr.com

Visit our web site: www.fair-pr.com

Go to Where the Market is!

See you in Hannover ’05 and/or Shanghai ’05!