Sustainable Terminals

8/4/2019 Sustainable Terminals

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Rethinking Terminal

Development forSustainable Hong Kong

Dr. James Jixian WANG

Department of Geography,

the University of Hong Kong

Sept 30, 2011 Hong Kong


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Hong Kong as a Hub Place in

the Sustainable Era

How to develop sustainable transport terminals (port

and airport, even HSR station) for Hong Kong?

How Hong Kong as a regional transport hub in Asia to be

affected by the global movement towards sustainable

development?


3/21

How to develop sustainable transport terminals

(port and airport, even HSR station) for Hong

Kong?

Role: Highly efficient terminal with excellent environmental

services and strong incentives to facilitate and encourage

clean cargo or passenger movements;

Process of infrastructure development: Green materials, green

and sustainable design, green construction process, minimized

disturbance to the existing ecological surroundings;

Ecological footprint in daily operation: safety, low energy

consumption, use of environmentally friendly energy (e.g.onshore power for vessels at port), effective recycling, better

management (e.g. air traffic management (ATM))


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Green airport upgrading:

O'Hare International, Chicago


5/21

The O'Hare InternationalModernization Program has led

to a new benchmark for

sustainable airport development


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Green Airport Model in China: Kunming


7/21

On port: Local initiatives learnt

Stakeholders are responsible,

including local government

Regional cooperation is amust

We need to work on all the

details


8/21

How Hong Kong as a regional transport hub in

Asia to be affected by the global movement

towards sustainable development?

Triple Bottom-line ism -


9/21

Worldwide shipping pollution


10/21

Global shipping activities: among

the largest carbon dioxide emitters


11/21

Sources of pollution from a ship


12/21

Clean portis only one of the

three fronts ofclean shipping


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Green airportis only a small part of

green air transport

Contribution to

the reduction of

CO2 emissions in

air transport byeach component

CO2 Emissions

without efficiency

improvements

Source:

IATA


14/21

Future Trends?

However, two fundamental changes in the maritime

shipping and air transport industry may effect Hong Kong

as a global transport/logistics hub and the rest of the

world substantially in long term

Slow-steaming in ocean shipping

Environmental tax/emission charge on airlines


15/21

Cost and CO2 Reduction by Slow Steaming

A typical 8,000-container ship traveling at 21 knots will burn 125 metric

tons of fuel to go 500 nautical miles, (Lee Kindberg, Maersk). A ship that

reduces speed by 20% will use 40% less fuel, thereby reducing CO2emissions correspondingly.

The same ship will need just 80 metric tons of fuel to travel the same

distance if the speed drops to 15 knots.

For the 6,310-nautical-mile voyage from Hong Kong to Long Beach at

current bunker fuel prices, that's a potential savings on fuel of $250,000,

according to Maersk.

The concept of slow steaming took off in 2007 and was instrumental for

Maersk Line to cut CO2 emissions per container by 12.5% from 2007 to

2009. The goal is to reduce CO2 emissions by 25% in 2020.


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Compound Impacts of Slow-seaming

on Hong Kong Businesses Shipping companies: gain effectively, as stated also by COSCO.

Shippers: 92% of Asian shippers affected one way or another by the

slow or super slow steaming on long-haul shipping:

50+ % of container shipments delayed

50% more shippers had to increase the inventory

Payment being delayed

Terminals: a potential long-term impact will the concept of super-

large vessel + hub-and-spoke strategy continue to work? Or more

direct routing by large vessel to regional main port cities? Most importantly: Will this trend insisted by the major shipping

lines eventually lead to regionalization or localization of production

for local/regional needs?


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Environmental tax on airlines


18/21

Environmental tax on airlines


19/21

European union Emission

Trading Scheme (EU ETS)

Although strongly against by most non-EU countries, this is to

be the first emission charge to be implemented against the

bunker emitters the international transport sector including

air transport and shipping.


20/21

Airlines may consider to slow the flying too!

Source:

William Roberson,

Robert Root, and

Dell Adams, (2010)

Engineer Fuel Conservation

Strategies:

Cruise Flight

70% of actual domestic flights in USA wereoperating a speed higher than the optimal

cruise speed, which generated extra 2-3%

more of CO2


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Concluding remarks

For our port and airport, we need to work hard on everyaspect in detail to meet the new challenges for a

sustainable future.

Slow-steaming in maritime shipping and emission charge

on air transport are the two major trends globally due

largely to the environmental concerns and the increasing

fuel price.

These two trends will affect the global and regional trade

pattern and travel pattern in long run, and hence the role

of Hong Kong as a hub city in Asia. we need to watchclosely and rethink the opportunities and directions of our

terminals as well as logistics industry, in order to respond

quickly and properly to sustain our development.

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Sustainable Terminals