Sustainable Urban and Environmental Management Restoration Applications

Using Sediment Treatment Systems with Beneficial Use

Sustainable Urban and Environmental Sustainable Urban and Environmental Management Restoration Applications Management Restoration Applications

Using Sediment Treatment Systems Using Sediment Treatment Systems with Beneficial Usewith Beneficial Use

E.A. Stern – US Environmental Protection Agency Region 2, New York USAK.W. Jones – Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York

W.S. Douglass – New Jersey Department of Transportation, Trenton, New JerseyM.A. Kruge & H.E. Feng - Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey

L.A. Baron – U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/NY District, New York

Urban Sediment Management and Port RedevelopmentSediment in River Basin Management Plans

5th International SedNet Conference28 May 2008

E.A. Stern E.A. Stern –– US Environmental Protection Agency Region 2, New York USAUS Environmental Protection Agency Region 2, New York USA

K.W. Jones K.W. Jones –– Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New YorkBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New YorkW.S. Douglass W.S. Douglass –– New Jersey Department of Transportation, Trenton, New JerseyNew Jersey Department of Transportation, Trenton, New Jersey

M.A. M.A. KrugeKruge & H.E. & H.E. FengFeng -- Montclair State University, Montclair, New JerseyMontclair State University, Montclair, New JerseyL.A. Baron L.A. Baron –– U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/NY District, New YorkU.S. Army Corps of Engineers/NY District, New York

Urban Sediment Management and Port RedevelopmentUrban Sediment Management and Port RedevelopmentSediment in River Basin Management PlansSediment in River Basin Management Plans

55thth International International SedNetSedNet ConferenceConference28 May 200828 May 2008

Urban Environmental ManagementUrban Environmental Management• Sustainability (long-term)

• Ecopsychology (Urban Sed. Mgmt.)• Behavioral understanding of moving forward

– Urban – City / Port Environment – Leadership– Education (K-12) / Outreach – Different brain wiring (political)

• Integrated Sediment Management• Hybrids – Holistic – Treatment Train Approaches

– Multi Contaminants / Media• Regional Sediment Management (watersheds/basins)

• Beneficial Use• Un-renewable resources

LANDFILL CAPACITY WILL BECOME LANDFILL CAPACITY WILL BECOME CRITICAL IN THE NORTHEAST U.SCRITICAL IN THE NORTHEAST U.S

US < than 20 years of disposal capacity

Integrated UrbanIntegrated UrbanContaminated Sediment Management Contaminated Sediment Management

• Materials Handling– dewatering, pumping, geo-tubes

• Environmental Precision Dredging– Cable Arm, Hydraulic

• Geophysical – debris fields

• Capping – Active/Reactive Core Mats

• Stabilization/Solidification (portland cement) + (oxidation)– H202, KMNO4, NaS2O8

Multi complex contaminantsMulti complex contaminants(TCDD, PAHs, Pb, Hg, Cr, TBT)(TCDD, PAHs, Pb, Hg, Cr, TBT)

• CDFs (upland & nearshore)• CADs (aquatic)

– Siting is becoming a challenge / aquatic real estate

Ex-situ / In-Situ Innovative Sediment Technologies

ThermalNon-thermalsIn-Situ Stabilization (cement injection) / caps

• In-Situ Bioremediation– Mudflats

• Monitored Natural Attenuation

INTEGRATE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN ALL ALTERNATIVES

Urban Environmental Sustainability Urban Environmental Sustainability

National National Sediment Management ProgramsSediment Management Programs

USEPA Contaminated Sediment Management Strategy (1998)– Superfund focus

• EU Sediment Research Network (SedNet) (2000-2006)– Multi-national River Basins– 2008 SedNet Conference / Oslo

• Clean and Rich Oceans (2002)– Norwegian Parliamentary Bill 12

• USACE Regional Sediment Management (RSM) (2004)– Coastal Processes

RegionalRegional Sediment ManagementSediment Management

• System-based (watershed) approachthat seeks to solve sediment-related problems by designing solutions that fit within the context of a regionalstrategy and sediment system

Recognizes sediments as a resourceSediment processes (coastal/estuarine)

• Integral to environmental / economic vitality

Engage StakeholdersAchieve long-term balance and sustainablesolutions

National

Regional Sediment Management

Regional Sediment Management(watershed)

Urban

Sediment Management

Sediment Quality

Quantity

Dredged Material Management

Sustainable

Sediment Management

Long – Term Implementation / Monitoring (NRC)

Federal – State – City

Port Authority

Environmental –Public

Cross-Program

Contaminated Sediments

Ports and Waterways

EU

SedNET

Design / Build

Urban / Port Impacts Urban / Port Impacts

• Contaminants in sediment:– Pose an ecological and human health risk

in the river and contributes to risk harbor-wide;

– Contribute to contaminant loading in the harbor (on-going sources)

• Regional Sediment Management (Watersheds)

– Impact dredged material and port management

– Impact future waterfront development opportunities (weak link)

Passaic River, NJ – Port Newark Downstream 2,3,7,8-TCDD / Mercury Contamination

Passaic River / Newark Bay

Mercury

Passaic River (3D)

TCDD

Deeper sediments more contaminated

20,000 ng/kg

10,000

0

600

300

100

5 -

3 -

Port Newark

mg/kg

Port of NY & NJ - Navigation

Port Newark

Arthur Kill Kill van Kull

Newark Bay

Claremont Terminal

Upper NY Harbor

Newark Airport

Passaic River Superfund Site -TCDD

Staten Island, NY

Bayonne, NJ

Use of Innovative Use of Innovative TechnologiesTechnologies

Positioning for the FuturePositioning for the FutureEnvironmental SustainabilityEnvironmental SustainabilityEnvironmental ManufacturingEnvironmental Manufacturing

Beneficial UseBeneficial Use

Positioning for the FuturePositioning for the Future

• Life Cycle Assessment – What is the cost associated (long-term)?

• Environmental, economic, social – Of not (environmental sustainability)

• Diminishing natural resources• Waste minimization• Landfill Closures for most contaminated sediments• Lack of real-estate (CAD’s/CDF’s)

– Loss of Benthic Habitat / wetlands / channel configuration• Short vs. long-term vision

Application of Innovative Decontamination Technologies with Beneficial Use

33rdrd International SedNet ConferenceInternational SedNet Conference2525--26 November, 2004 26 November, 2004 –– Venice, ItalyVenice, Italy

Contaminated Sediments Contaminated Sediments -- European River BasinEuropean River BasinFinal RecommendationsFinal Recommendations

• Stimulate innovation to more efficient treatment technologies:– sustainability

• To date treatment technologies are too costly– (THIS IS CHANGING – 2008)

• Large amounts of sediments• Dredging and processing rates can’t keep up

– (REGIONAL STORAGE FACILITIES PPF / CDF/CAD– 2008)

• Technology itself is not the problem• Diversity of technologies are available

Moved From BenchMoved From Bench--scale to scale to PilotPilot--scale (1994scale (1994--2003) to presently in 2003) to presently in

20052005--20072007Full/Commercial ScaleFull/Commercial Scale

DemonstrationsDemonstrations

ExEx--SituTreatment Technologies Tested SituTreatment Technologies Tested USEPA/NJDOT Decontamination USEPA/NJDOT Decontamination

Programs (1994Programs (1994--present)present)

• Sediment Washing *• Thermo-Chemical Rotary Kiln *• Plasma-Arc Vitrification (EPA)• Base-Catalyzed Decomposition (EPA)• Rotary Kiln -Thermal Desorption• Solvent Extraction (EPA)• Solidification/Stabilization with Oxidation *• Fluidized Bed Reactor (EPA)

* Full Scale

TechnologiesTechnologies with with Beneficial UseBeneficial Use

Gas Technology Institute/Endesco– Thermo-chemical rotary kiln (cement and co-gen)

BioGenesis Enterprises– Sediment washing (soils, bricks, polymer coating)

• Upcycle / BayCycle Aggregates– Rotary kiln (light-weight aggregate)

• Harbor Resource Environmental Group, Inc– Solidification/stabilization/oxidation (structural fill)

• Westinghouse/The Solena Group– Plasma-arc vitrification (glass tiles / co-generation)

NY/NJ Harbor Sediment Decontamination Program Demonstrations : 2005-2007Bayshore Recycling Processing Facility – Keasbey, NJ (Raritan River)

Darling International

Raritan River Arthur Kill

Harbor Resources Environmental

Stabilization/OX

BioGenesisSediment Washing

Gas Technology Institute

Thermo-Chem/Rotary Kiln

Geotechnical Fill

January 2005

Manufactured Soil MSU / Bridgeport Port Authority

Construction GradeCement – Ecomelt

MSU

2006

3,418 yd3 scow storage

Passaic River, NJ

Dec.

2005

8,866 yd3

(8,866 yd3)

2,269 300 yd3

dewatered

Navigational Dredged MaterialSuperfundContaminated Sediments

250 yd3

New York / New Jersey Harbor Sediment Decontamination &

Beneficial Use Demonstration Project

Cement-Lock® TechnologySponsored By:

• Gas Research Institute

• U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region 2

U.S. Department of EnergyBrookhaven National Laboratory

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers(New York District)– funding from the federalWater Resources DevelopmentAct (WRDA)

• New Jersey Office of MaritimeResources– funding from NJ Environmental

Bond Issue

Technology Developer:Gas Technology Institute

Site Host:International-Matex TankTerminal – Bayonne

General Contractor:

RPMS ConsultingEngineers

Equipment Manufacturer:

Andersen 2000 Inc.

Technology Licensor:

Cement-Lock Group, L.L.C.

IMTT

Pilot-Scale Unit - GTI Cement-Lock 1996

Cement Lock Demo Plant

IMTT - Bayonne, NJ / 2005-2007

Cement-Lock Demo PlantIMTT, Bayonne, NJ

ECH

Cement-Lock Technology

FUEL

AIR/O2

MODIFIERS

ECOMELT®

GENERATOR

2400° - 2600°F

PULVERIZER/MIXER

SECONDARYCOMBUSTION

High QualityCONSTRUCTION-GRADE CEMENT

ADDITIVE

ECOMELT®

QUENCH

GASCLEAN

UPHEAT

RECOVERY

STEAM

SEDIMENT

CLEANFLUEGAS

Interior View of Kiln – 1345 Co

Sediment Feed

Molten Sediment

Natural Gas Flame

EcoMelt

Beneficial Use

Beneficial Use

Construction Grade Cement/Concrete

ECH

Flexural Strength TestConcrete from Ecomelt

SEPA SITE ROGRAM

ECH

Phase II Demo Project – Results DRAFTExtended Duration Test – December 2006 (NEWARK BAY)> Dioxin/furans in flue gas was 1.3e-10 lb TEQ/hr or 58.8 ng

TEQ/hr> Dioxin/furans DRE was 99.9994%> PCBs in flue gas was 1.2e-4 lb/hr> PCBs DRE was 97.0%> Mercury capture efficiency of AC bed was 86.7%

Extended Duration Test – May 2007 (PASSAIC RIVER)> Dioxin/furans in flue gas was 3.3e-12 lb TEQ/hr or 1.5 ng

TEQ/hour> Dioxin/furans DRE was 99.999986%> PCBs in flue gas 1.2e-6 lb/hr> PCBs DRE was 99.957%> Mercury capture efficiency of AC bed was 97.8%

BioGenesis Sediment Washing BenchBioGenesis Sediment Washing Bench--Scale Scale -- 19941994

BioGenesis Sediment Washing Pilot BioGenesis Sediment Washing Pilot Demonstration Demonstration –– Kearny, NJKearny, NJ

19991999

BioGenesis BioGenesis Pilot DemonstrationPilot Demonstration

Venice, Italy Port AuthorityVenice, Italy Port Authority

January 2004January 2004 Autorità Portuale di Venezia

Process Flow DiagramProcess Flow Diagram

2006 Full2006 Full--Scale DemonstrationScale Demonstration

Organic Contaminant OxidationOrganic Contaminant Oxidation

Liquid/Solid Separation Liquid/Solid Separation -- hydrocycloneshydrocyclones

Liquid/Solid Separation Liquid/Solid Separation -- CentrifugesCentrifuges

Beneficial Use Beneficial Use –– Manufactured SoilManufactured Soil

010602010602--0404

• Decontaminated sediment blend with sand and organic material (mulch) to create a high end topsoil

Treated Sediment

1st centrifuge and hydrocyclone

Final Product

Manufactured Soil

Pre-Processor

Collision Chamber

Oxidation

Hydrocyclone / Centrifuge

Rework Sediment / Blending

Is this a Good Business?Is this a Good Business?

Uncertainties in Developing Uncertainties in Developing Long Long --Term Business Models Term Business Models

• Unpredictable dredging volume estimates• Unpredictable dredging cycles

– Fish migratory windows• Superfund Construction Schedules

– Remedial Investigation Process (years)• Litigation (lawyers)• Long-Term Contracts• Government Risk Sharing• Siting / Permitting

The The Future Future of Urban Sediment of Urban Sediment ManagementManagement

• Develop Long-term Self Sustaining Enterprises in the Environmental Management of Sediments

–Sediments and other mixed media•Urban centers / waste priorities

Environmental ManufacturingEnvironmental Manufacturing

• Multiple Feeds of:– Dredged Material (Navigation)– Contaminated Sediments (Superfund)– Contaminated Soils– Coal Ash– Construction / Debris– Electronic waste– Sewage sludge– Medical Waste– Tires– Auto Fluff– Food Waste– Municipal Solid Waste

• Keeps system economics by supplying constant feed of material

• Diversity of Beneficial Use Products

TheyThey’’re making people every day, but they re making people every day, but they ainain’’t making any more dirt t making any more dirt –– Will RodgersWill Rodgers

• Topsoil is being depleted avg/yr 18X faster than what is being built up in nature– Takes 2000 yrs to build up 1in of topsoil

• US/California– CA agriculture depleting as much as 1in TS every 25 years.

80x faster than nature

• Developing Nations – 36x

• China – 54x

– C.J. Barrow. Land Degradation, Cambridge U. Press. (1981)– National Resources Inventory. Soil Conservation Service. USDA,

Washington, DC (1992)

Beneficial Use Beneficial Use –– Manufactured SoilManufactured Soil

010602010602--0404

• Decontaminated sediment blend with sand and organic material (mulch) to create a high end topsoil

LargeLarge--Scale Food CompostingScale Food CompostingMontclair State UniversityMontclair State University

• Aerobic Composter – Process 2 yd3 / food residue day– $3/day

• 130o F– Rotated 4x/hr / 4x/day – add wood chips– 3 days to process

• Upgrade to large composter for entire MSU• Combine with decontaminated sediment washed

sediment for manufactured soil blending– June 2008

• Principal Investigator: Dr. Nicholas Smith-Sebasto

Buckets of Food from MSU Dining Hall for Composting

Bio-Mixer: Food Residue and Wood Chips

Compost ready to be mixed with decontaminated sediment and placed on campus

Case Study Waste to EnergyHigh Temperature System

Case Study Waste to EnergyCase Study Waste to EnergyHigh Temperature SystemHigh Temperature System

Electronic Waste(E Waste) as a sustainable co-generation fuel source.

US E-Waste MarketUS EUS E--Waste MarketWaste Market

• Total Estimated US Annual E Waste = 3.2 million tons

• Estimated E Waste disposal cost = >$1000 / ton

• Potential US E Waste market = >$2.5 billion

• Estimated toxic materials generated:

• plastic = 4.0 billion pounds (2million tons)• Lead = 1.2 billion pounds (600 million lbs.)• Mercury = 400,000 pounds (200 tons)

• Est. annual E Waste recycled = 750,000 tons / year (25% of Total)

• Est. E Waste recycling efficiency = 45 %

• Market researcher Gartner Group forecasts Americans will replace or retire 133,000 PCs per day.

*Note: Information obtained from IAER Report 5/2004

Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition

Sediments / ESediments / E--Waste ModelWaste Model

E-waste 100%

E-waste

Sediments

100%30 - 40%

50%

50%

0.80 Kw/ ton

Construction Industry

Steam / Electricity

Commercial / Residential

Reusable Material

Scrap Buyers

Non-Reusable Landfills

Ecomelt®

Ecomelt – GTI Cement-Lock Rotary Kiln for contaminated sediments

GTI

VOLCANO WTE SUSTAINABILITY APPROACHUSING CEMENT-LOCK® THERMAL TECHNOLOGY

Sediments,E-waste, and Tires

Urban Rivers Restoration

Urban Rivers Restoration

February 2003

US Army CorpsUS Army Corpsof Engineersof Engineers

USEPA / USACE Pilots

Gowanus Canal, NY

Passaic River, NJ

Gowanus Canal

Yankee Stadium

Staten Island

Brooklyn

Port Newark

JFK

Hudson River

East River

ManhattanGowanus Canal, NY Urban Sediment Restoration

Development Adjacent to the Gowanus Canal

Pilot DemonstrationPilot Demonstration

• Conduct a pilot-scale demonstration in parallel to the USACE Feasibility Study

• Similar to an Interim Remedial Measure– Quick to implement– Collect data – monitor effect for long-term

action. Integrate with final remedy– Public Access / Community Support

Pilot Demonstration

Canal

Turning Basin

CDF?

AquaBlok Capping Bulk and Tiering Wetland Restoration

Public Access

Bionautics Bulk and Tiering SystemBionautics Bulk and Tiering System

Bionautics Bulk and Tiering SystemBionautics Bulk and Tiering System

GowanusGowanus CanalCanal

SummarySummary

– It’s a business……. Venture capital interest

– Regional Multi-Media Processing Facilities• Treatment Train

– Innovative [ALL] Integrated Technology Driven

Sediments are a ResourceBeneficial Use ApplicationsLong-term linear generational view of Sustainability – it’s a social property / right

COASTAL ZONE 05

Topsoil for Eco

Restoration

Topsoil for Landscaping

Gravel from Crushed Cobbles

Sediment / PolymerPavers

Sediment / Polymer Landscaping Blocks

Sediment / PolymerBelgium Block Curb

Sediment / Polymer Structural Block

Sediment / PolymerDecorative Block

Polymer / SedimenSpray Coating

Green Roof Sediment in Vegetative L

Monotech Wall Panels

Sediment in Monocrete Shell

Sediment / PolymerWall Panels

Polymer/Composite ResearchBASF CorporationSUNY Stony BrookBrookhaven National LaboratoryUSEPA Region 2/ORD

Sediment / PolymerFloor Tiles

Sediment Based Products

(after Stern, 2005)

--A department store for A department store for Environmental ServicesEnvironmental Services

www.envitech.fiwww.envitech.fi

1. LHJ office2. Weighing station3. REF-facility4. REF Storage 5. CRT-Finland Ltd6. Cool-Finland Ltd7. Hazardous waste

storage8. Oil processing

9. Inert waste10 & 13. Niska & Nyyssönen Ltd11. Landfill12. Composting field14. Landfill water pumping station15. VAPO power plant16. Envor Biotech Composting facility

17. Envor Processing paper and cardboard recycling18. Envor Recycling glass and plastic recycling19. Envor Group office and truck wash20. Suomen Erityisjäte Ltd contaminated soil21. J Syrjänen Oy construction waste22. Suomen Uusioaines Oy glass recycling

A Clever Person (or Solves the Problem Wise Person Avoids